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The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of progesterone (P4F) and estradiol (E2F) and the effect of these steroid hormones complexed into cyclodextrins, commercially available drugs, such as micronized progesterone (P4M) and transdermal estradiol (E2T), and evaluate them as endocrine disruptors through biological parameters of Danio rerio. An acute toxicity test was performed with hormones using D. rerio embryos according to OECD 236 guidelines. The heart rate, mortality, and teratogenic effects were evaluated. In addition, a chronic toxicity test was assayed with adult animals for evaluation of animal behavior, reproductive capacity, and electrophysiological responses of the retina. Analysis of the results of the acute toxicity test with embryos exposed to progestins and estrogens showed that free hormones caused a higher percentage of teratogenic effects such as pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, and spinal deformation. Behavioral evaluation (30-60 days) of adult animals exposed to P4M, E2F, and E2T demonstrated higher frequencies of aggressive behaviors such as Chase away, Persecution, Escape, and Attack. Analysis of reproductive capacity did not show significant differences in the number of viable eggs, and no significant changes were observed in the electrophysiological responses of the retina. According to these results, there is a higher toxicity effect of hormones in the free form when compared to the commercial forms and inclusion complexes. This indicates that complexation into cyclodextrin reduced the toxicity of the hormones according to the parameters studied.

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É crescente a utilização de fármacos mundialmente, principalmente devido às inúmeras doenças existentes, tanto humanas quanto para a criação de animais. Contudo, estes compostos podem causar um grande impacto no ambiente, pois são descarregados nos cursos d'água através dos efluentes. Com isto, os fármacos podem contaminar também o solo e o sedimento, devido ao fato de serem desenvolvidos para apresentarem propriedades persistentes, como é o caso dos antimicrobianos e hormônios. Estes poluentes foram encontrados em estudos com água superficial, subterrânea, solo e sedimento em concentrações que variaram de ng.L-1 a 'mü'g.L-1, e são capazes de provocar alterações no sistema endócrino de muitos organismos aquáticos, resistência microbiana, além de prejuízos à saúde humana. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre os aspectos relacionados à presença de fármacos no ambiente, e as metodologias de detecção dos mesmos em amostras ambientais. Assim como determinar a presença de hormônios (estriol, estrona, 17'beta' -estradiol, 17'alfa'- etinilestradiol, progesterona e testosterona) e antimicrobianos (ciprofloxacina, norfloxacina, eritromicina e enrofloxacina) em amostras de água superficial e tratada; e também analisar a toxicidade destes antibióticos e hormônios em Daphnia magna. E, de acordo com o levantamento bibliográfico, concluiu-se que é necessário um aumento no volume de estudos destes compostos no ambiente, e principalmente, uma avaliação dos efeitos sinérgicos destes compostos nos organismos que têm contato com as matrizes ambientais como água, solo e sedimento. Para a detecção dos fármacos em amostras de água superficial e tratada, amostras foram coletadas ao longo do Rio Piracicaba (6 pontos) e em uma residência na cidade de Piracicaba, de março de 2011 a dezembro de 2012. Para as análises foi utilizado um cromatógrafo líquido acoplado a um espectrômetro de massas com fonte de ionização electrospray [...]

There is a growing use of drugs worldwide due to the numerous diseases both human and in animal husbandry. However, these compounds can have a big impact on the environment as they are discharged into waterways via wastewater. With this, drugs can also contaminate soil and sediment due to the fact that they are developed for presenting persistent properties, as is the case of antibiotics and hormones. These pollutants were found in studies with surface water, groundwater, soil and sediment concentrations from ng.L-1 to 'mü'g.L-1, being able to cause changes in the endocrine system of many aquatic organisms, microbial resistance, and damage to human health. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a literature survey on the aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in environment, and methods of detection thereof in environmental samples. As determine the presence of hormones (estriol, estrone, 17'beta'-estradiol, 17'alfa'-ethinylestradiol, progesterone and testosterone) and antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin and erythromycin) on surface samples and treated water, and also assess toxicity of antimicrobials and hormones in Daphnia magna. And, according to literature review, it was concluded that an increase in studies volume of these compounds in environment, and especially, a review of synergistic effects of these compounds in organisms that have contact with environmental matrices such as water, soil and sediment. For detection of drugs in surface and treated water samples were collected from March 2011 to December 2012, at 6 points along the Piracicaba River and in one point was collected treated water in a residence in the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. For analyzes a liquid chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization source (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was used. [...]

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