Assuntos
Anestesia Epidural/veterinária , Bupivacaína/efeitos adversos , Sistema Cardiovascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças do Cão/induzido quimicamente , Hipoventilação/veterinária , Isoflurano , Animais , Bupivacaína/administração & dosagem , Bupivacaína/farmacologia , Cães , Hipoventilação/induzido quimicamente , MasculinoRESUMO
Background: Brachycephalic syndrome is characterized by increased airflow resistance in upper airways due to the combinations of anatomical deformities such as stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules, and tracheal hypoplasia. There is little information in recent literature about assessment of anatomical, cardiovascular, and blood gases parameters of these animals at early stages of the syndrome. The purpose of this study was to characterize and to compare anatomical, cardiovascular, and blood gases parameters in young brachycephalic or dolichocephalic and mesocephalic dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty brachycephalic dogs (BG) and 20 dolichocephalic and mesocephalic dogs (CG), aged up to 5 years, were included in the study. Anatomical abnormalities, systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), and diastolic (DAP) arterial blood pressure were recorded. Blood gas analysis and complete blood counts (CBC) were analyzed. Doppler echocardiography, electrocardiography, ambulatory electrocardiography, and thoracic and cervical radiographs were evaluated. The diameter of the nares in BG was lower when compared to CG (0.23 ± 0.08 versus 0.56 ± 0.05 cm, P 0.001). The Sa O2 was lower (P 0.001) and MAP was higher in BG (P = 0.05). All brachycephalic dogs had sinus arrhythmia (SA), and 15 (75 %) of these showed SA higher than 20% variation between adjacent [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Resistência das Vias Respiratórias/fisiologia , Anormalidades do Sistema Respiratório/veterinária , Hipoventilação/veterinária , Oxigênio/sangue , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Background: Brachycephalic syndrome is characterized by increased airflow resistance in upper airways due to the combinations of anatomical deformities such as stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules, and tracheal hypoplasia. There is little information in recent literature about assessment of anatomical, cardiovascular, and blood gases parameters of these animals at early stages of the syndrome. The purpose of this study was to characterize and to compare anatomical, cardiovascular, and blood gases parameters in young brachycephalic or dolichocephalic and mesocephalic dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty brachycephalic dogs (BG) and 20 dolichocephalic and mesocephalic dogs (CG), aged up to 5 years, were included in the study. Anatomical abnormalities, systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), and diastolic (DAP) arterial blood pressure were recorded. Blood gas analysis and complete blood counts (CBC) were analyzed. Doppler echocardiography, electrocardiography, ambulatory electrocardiography, and thoracic and cervical radiographs were evaluated. The diameter of the nares in BG was lower when compared to CG (0.23 ± 0.08 versus 0.56 ± 0.05 cm, P 0.001). The Sa O2 was lower (P 0.001) and MAP was higher in BG (P = 0.05). All brachycephalic dogs had sinus arrhythmia (SA), and 15 (75 %) of these showed SA higher than 20% variation between adjacent [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Anormalidades do Sistema Respiratório/veterinária , Hipoventilação/veterinária , Oxigênio/sangue , Resistência das Vias Respiratórias/fisiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
O tórax instável ou afundamento costal acontece quando há fraturas múltiplas de pelo menos duas costelas consecutivas (CROWE et al., 2005). Nesse caso, durante a inspiração, o segmento fraturado, ao invés de expandir com o restante da caixa torácica, tende a penetrar no tórax. Subsequentemente, no momento da expiração, o conjunto instável tende a expansão (CROWE et al., 2005, FOSSUM, 2008). O tratamento inicial consiste em tornar o tórax estável, com uma pinça backhaus (AGUIAR, 2011). Posteriormente faz-se necessária a imobilização externa, que permitirá a adequada expansão torácica, sendo mantida por alguns dias até a estabilização do paciente. Para o tratamento cirúrgico recomenda-se a reconstrução anatômica das costelas fraturadas (CUNHA et al., 2009). O objetivo desse trabalho é demonstrar o tratamento da instabilidade costal com metilmetacrilato em felino, descrita por Coutinho et al. (2012).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Fraturas das Costelas/veterinária , Costelas/cirurgia , Metilmetacrilato/uso terapêutico , Fixadores Externos/veterinária , Hipoventilação/veterinária , Lesão Pulmonar/veterináriaRESUMO
O tórax instável ou afundamento costal acontece quando há fraturas múltiplas de pelo menos duas costelas consecutivas (CROWE et al., 2005). Nesse caso, durante a inspiração, o segmento fraturado, ao invés de expandir com o restante da caixa torácica, tende a penetrar no tórax. Subsequentemente, no momento da expiração, o conjunto instável tende a expansão (CROWE et al., 2005, FOSSUM, 2008). O tratamento inicial consiste em tornar o tórax estável, com uma pinça backhaus (AGUIAR, 2011). Posteriormente faz-se necessária a imobilização externa, que permitirá a adequada expansão torácica, sendo mantida por alguns dias até a estabilização do paciente. Para o tratamento cirúrgico recomenda-se a reconstrução anatômica das costelas fraturadas (CUNHA et al., 2009). O objetivo desse trabalho é demonstrar o tratamento da instabilidade costal com metilmetacrilato em felino, descrita por Coutinho et al. (2012).
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Gatos , Costelas/cirurgia , Fixadores Externos/veterinária , Fraturas das Costelas/veterinária , Metilmetacrilato/uso terapêutico , Hipoventilação/veterinária , Lesão Pulmonar/veterináriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of a sidestream capnograph and a mainstream capnograph to measure end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) and provide accurate estimates of PaCO2 in mechanically ventilated dogs. DESIGN: Randomized, double Latin square. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult dogs. PROCEDURE: Anesthesia was induced and neuromuscular blockade achieved by IV administration of pancuronium bromide. Mechanical ventilation was used to induce conditions of standard ventilation, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. While tidal volume was held constant, changes in minute volume ventilation and PaCO2 were made by changing the respiratory rate. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed and ETCO2 measurements were obtained by use of either a mainstream or a sidestream capnographic analyzer. RESULTS: A linear regression model and bias analysis were used to compare PaCO2 and ETCO2 measurements; ETCO2 measurements obtained by both capnographs correlated well with PaCO2. Compared with PaCO2, mainstream ETCO2 values differed by 3.15 +/- 4.89 mm Hg (mean bias +/- SD), whereas the bias observed with the sidestream ETCO2 system was significantly higher (5.65 +/- 5.57 mm Hg). Regardless of the device used to measure ETCO2, bias increased as PaCO2 exceeded 60 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: RelevancehAlthough the mainstream cas slightly more accurate, both methods of ETCO2 measurement correlated well with PaCO2 and reflected changes in the ventilatory status. However, ETCO2 values > 45 mm Hg may inaccurately reflect the severity of hypoventilation as PaCO2 may be underestimated during conditions of hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 60 mm Hg).