RESUMO
Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, popularly known as jabuticaba, is rich in polyphenols. Phenolic compounds exhibit several biological properties, which reflect on biomarkers such as biochemical parameters. In the present study, we evaluated the plasmatic levels of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid of Chinese hamsters fed for 45 days with a regular diet or cholesterol-enriched diet supplemented with a liquid extract obtained from P. cauliflora fruits residues standardized in ellagic acid and total phenolic compounds. The results showed that the concentrated extract obtained from jabuticaba residues increased the glycemia of animals fed with a regular diet and reduced the plasmatic uric acid levels of animals fed with a cholesterol-enriched diet. Since hyperuricemia is considered to be a significant risk factor of metabolic disorders and the principal pathological basis of gout, the liquid extract from P. cauliflora fruits residues would be a promising candidate as a novel hypouricaemic agent for further investigation.(AU)
Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, popularmente conhecida como jabuticaba, é rica em polifenois. Os compostos fenólicos apresentam diversas propriedades biológicas, que refletem em biomarcadores, como os parâmetros bioquímicos. No presente estudo, avaliamos os níveis plasmáticos de glicose, colesterol total, HDL-colesterol, triglicerídeos e ácido úrico em hamsters chineses alimentados por 45 dias com dieta regular ou dieta enriquecida com colesterol suplementada com extrato líquido obtido de resíduos de frutos de P. cauliflora padronizado em ácido elágico e compostos fenólicos totais. Os resultados mostraram que o extrato concentrado obtido dos resíduos de jabuticaba aumentou a glicemia dos animais alimentados com dieta regular e reduziu os níveis plasmáticos de ácido úrico dos animais alimentados com dieta rica em colesterol. Uma vez que a hiperuricemia é considerada um fator de risco significativo de distúrbios metabólicos e a principal base patológica da gota, o extrato líquido dos resíduos de frutas de P. cauliflora seria um candidato promissor como um novo agente hipouricêmico para investigação posterior.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cricetulus/sangue , Hiperuricemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperuricemia/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, popularly known as jabuticaba, is rich in polyphenols. Phenolic compounds exhibit several biological properties, which reflect on biomarkers such as biochemical parameters. In the present study, we evaluated the plasmatic levels of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid of Chinese hamsters fed for 45 days with a regular diet or cholesterol-enriched diet supplemented with a liquid extract obtained from P. cauliflora fruits residues standardized in ellagic acid and total phenolic compounds. The results showed that the concentrated extract obtained from jabuticaba residues increased the glycemia of animals fed with a regular diet and reduced the plasmatic uric acid levels of animals fed with a cholesterol-enriched diet. Since hyperuricemia is considered to be a significant risk factor of metabolic disorders and the principal pathological basis of gout, the liquid extract from P. cauliflora fruits residues would be a promising candidate as a novel hypouricaemic agent for further investigation.
Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, popularmente conhecida como jabuticaba, é rica em polifenois. Os compostos fenólicos apresentam diversas propriedades biológicas, que refletem em biomarcadores, como os parâmetros bioquímicos. No presente estudo, avaliamos os níveis plasmáticos de glicose, colesterol total, HDL-colesterol, triglicerídeos e ácido úrico em hamsters chineses alimentados por 45 dias com dieta regular ou dieta enriquecida com colesterol suplementada com extrato líquido obtido de resíduos de frutos de P. cauliflora padronizado em ácido elágico e compostos fenólicos totais. Os resultados mostraram que o extrato concentrado obtido dos resíduos de jabuticaba aumentou a glicemia dos animais alimentados com dieta regular e reduziu os níveis plasmáticos de ácido úrico dos animais alimentados com dieta rica em colesterol. Uma vez que a hiperuricemia é considerada um fator de risco significativo de distúrbios metabólicos e a principal base patológica da gota, o extrato líquido dos resíduos de frutas de P. cauliflora seria um candidato promissor como um novo agente hipouricêmico para investigação posterior.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Cricetulus/sangue , Hiperuricemia/prevenção & controle , Hiperuricemia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent and especially common in subjects with metabolic, cardiovascular and renal diseases. In chronic kidney disease, hyperuricemia is extremely common, and uric acid (UA) excretion relies on gut uricolysis by gut microbiota. Current therapy for lowering serum UA includes drugs that may produce undesired secondary effects. Therefore, this pilot study was designed to evaluate the potential of two probiotic supplements to reduce systemic uric acid concentrations. Secondary objectives were to assess whether the hypouricemic effect related to a therapeutic benefit on the hyperuricemia-induced renal damage and hypertension. Analysis of fecal microbiota was also performed. Groups of 6 rats each were followed for 5 weeks and allocated in the following treatment groups: C = Control; HU-ND = Oxonic acid-induced hyperuricemia (HU) +regular diet; HU-P = HU+placebo; HU-F1 = HU+ probiotics formula 1 and HU-F2 = HU+ probiotics formula 2. We confirmed that oxonic acid-induced hyperuricemia produced hypertension and renal functional and structural changes, along with modest changes in the overall composition of fecal microbiota. Both probiotic-containing diets prevented HU, elevated UA urinary excretion and intrarenal UA accumulation induced by oxonic acid. The hypouricemic effect conferred by probiotic supplementation also prevented the renal changes and hypertension caused by hyperuricemia. However, probiotic treatment did not restore the fecal microbiota. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time the ability of probiotics containing uricolytic bacteria to lower serum uric acid in hyperuricemic animals with beneficial consequences on blood pressure and renal disease. As probiotics supplements are innocuous for human health, we recommend clinical studies to test if probiotic supplements could benefit hyperuricemic individuals.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Hiperuricemia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperuricemia/prevenção & controle , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/lesões , Ácido Oxônico/efeitos adversos , Probióticos/farmacologia , Animais , Citoproteção/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Hiperuricemia/metabolismo , Hiperuricemia/patologia , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Projetos Piloto , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ácido Úrico/metabolismoAssuntos
Hiperuricemia/história , Hiperuricemia/prevenção & controle , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/história , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/prevenção & controle , Doença Aguda , Alopurinol/química , Criança , DNA de Neoplasias , História do Século XX , Humanos , Hiperuricemia/terapia , Mercaptopurina/sangue , Pediatria/história , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Síndrome de Lise Tumoral , Ácido Úrico/químicaRESUMO
Gota proviene del latin Gutta es un término acuñado en el siglo V que significa exceso o derrame de flema por exceso de vino, comida y sexo. Llamada "Rey de las enfermedades yenfermedad de reyes" fue uno de los primeros desordenes reumáticos en ser reconocidos como entidad clínic a. Es la artritis por deposito de microcri s tales más común debida a desequilibrio en el metabolismo de las purinas que conlleva a hiperuricemia y el depósito de cristales de urato monosódico, caracterizada por ser de inicio monoarticular, que a fecta con mayor frecuencia la primera articulación metatarso de pie y que progresa en su forma crónica a poliarticular, asociada a destrucción progresiva y a la formación de tofos, falla renal y enfermedad cardiovascular. Predomina sexo masculino, su pr evalencia se calcula de 0.08% a nivel mundial, aumentando la frecuencia de sus ataques con el alto contenido de carnes, mariscos, cervezas y bebidas espirituosas. El objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfica es proporcionar una guía dietética para lo s médicos enfatizando y destacando su contenido de purinas en alimentos de uso cotidiano en la población guatemalteca, para obtener un mejor control de la artritis gotosa y disminuir la frecuencia de sus ataques ...(AU)
Gota comes from Latin Gutta is a term coined in the fifth century that means excess or spill of phlegm for excess wine, food and sex. Called "King of diseases and disease of kings" was one of the first rheumatic disorders to be recognized as a clinical entity. Arthritis is the most common microcritical deposit due to imbalance in the metabolism of purines that leads to hyperuricemia and the deposition of monosodium urate crystals, characterized by monoarticular initiation, which most often occurs with the first metatarsal joint. standing up and progressing in its form chronic to polyarticular, associated with progressive destruction and the formation of tophi, renal failure and cardiovascular disease. Male sex predominates, its pr evance is estimated at 0.08% worldwide, increasing the frequency of its attacks with the high content of meats, seafood, beers and spirits. The aim of this bibliographical review is to provide a dietary guide for physicians emphasizing and highlighting their content of purines in foods of daily use in the Guatemalan population, to obtain a better control of gouty arthritis and to reduce the frequency of their attacks. .. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Purinas/efeitos adversos , Artrite Gotosa/diagnóstico , Hiperuricemia/diagnóstico , Hiperuricemia/prevenção & controle , /educação , Gota/prevenção & controle , Ácido Úrico , Guatemala , Articulações/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To determine if a single oral dose of fructose to rats reproduces some features of metabolic syndrome observed after chronic administration and if so, to investigate its mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure was measured in rats before and after oral administration of fructose, and in animals pretreated with lipoic acid, methyldopa, losartan or streptozotocin. In other rats, glucose, insulin, uric acid, and insulin sensitivity index, were determined before and after fructose or lipoic acid plus fructose. Glutathione was measured in liver before and after fructose administration. In aortic rings from other rats, incubation with mannitol, fructose, or fructose plus lipoic acid was evaluated on the relaxation by acetylcholine. Fructose produced a moderate increase in blood pressure, which was prevented by lipoic acid or streptozotocin. Methyldopa and losartan decreased the pressor response minimally. Fructose increased oxidized glutathione, plasma glucose, insulin and uric acid, and diminished the insulin sensitivity index, and the reduced glutathione. Lipoic acid prevented hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia, and improved the insulin sensitivity index. Finally, endothelial dysfunction was prevented by lipoic acid. CONCLUSION: A single dose of fructose reproduces some of the features of metabolic syndrome, most changes were caused by oxidative stress and insulin resistance.
Assuntos
Frutose/administração & dosagem , Frutose/efeitos adversos , Síndrome Metabólica/induzido quimicamente , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Glutationa/análise , Hiperglicemia/prevenção & controle , Hiperuricemia/prevenção & controle , Insulina/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Losartan/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Metildopa/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estreptozocina/administração & dosagem , Ácido Tióctico/farmacologia , Ácido Úrico/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hyperuricemia frequently complicates cyclosporine (CsA) therapy. Previous studies have shown that hyperuricemia exacerbates interstitial and vascular lesions in the cyclosporine model. We tested the hypothesis that normalization of uric acid could prevent the development of cyclosporine toxicity. METHODS: CsA nephropathy was induced by administering CsA (15 mg/kg/day) for 7 weeks to rats on a low salt diet (CsA group). The effect of preventing hyperuricemia was determined by concomitant treatment with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol (CsAALP), or with a uricosuric, benzbromarone (CsABENZ), in drinking water. Control groups included vehicle-treated rats. RESULTS: CsA-treated rats developed mild hyperuricemia with arteriolar hyalinosis, tubular atrophy, striped interstitial fibrosis, increased cell proliferation and decreased VEGF expression. Treatment with allopurinol or benzbromarone limited renal disease, with reduced interstitial fibrosis, cell proliferation, macrophage infiltration, osteopontin expression and arteriolar hyalinosis, in association with restoration of VEGF expression. Both drugs provided comparable protection. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in uric acid exacerbates CsA nephropathy in the rat. Concomitant treatment with allopurinol or benzbromarone reduced the severity of renal disease. The similar protection observed with both drugs suggests that the effect is associated more with lowering uric acid levels than the antioxidant effect of allopurinol.
Assuntos
Alopurinol/farmacologia , Benzobromarona/farmacologia , Ciclosporina/toxicidade , Nefropatias/prevenção & controle , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Fibrose/prevenção & controle , Hiperuricemia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperuricemia/prevenção & controle , Imuno-Histoquímica , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Osteopontina/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Uricosúricos/farmacologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Xantina Oxidase/antagonistas & inibidores , Xantina Oxidase/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The effect of febuxostat (Fx), a non-purine and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor, on glomerular microcirculatory changes in 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) Wistar rats with and without oxonic acid (OA)-induced hyperuricemia was evaluated. METHODS: Four groups were studied: 5/6 Nx+vehicle (V)+placebo (P) (n = 7); 5/6 Nx+V+Fx (n = 8); 5/6 Nx+OA+P (n = 6) and 5/6 Nx+OA+Fx (n = 10). OA (750 mg/kg/day, oral gavage) and Fx (3-4 mg/kg/day, drinking water) were administered for 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure, proteinuria and plasma uric acid were measured at baseline and at the end of 4 weeks. Measurement of glomerular hemodynamics and evaluation of histology were performed at the end of 4 weeks. RESULTS: 5/6 Nx+OA+P rats developed hyperuricemia, renal vasoconstriction and glomerular hypertension in association with further aggravation of afferent arteriolopathy compared to 5/6 Nx+V+P. Fx prevented hyperuricemia in 5/6 Nx+OA+Fx rats and ameliorated proteinuria, preserved renal function and prevented glomerular hypertension in both 5/6 Nx+V+Fx and 5/6 Nx+OA+Fx groups. Functional improvement was accompanied by preservation of afferent arteriolar morphology and reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Fx prevented renal injury in 5/6 Nx rats with and without coexisting hyperuricemia. Because Fx helped to preserve preglomerular vessel morphology, normal glomerular pressure was maintained even in the presence of systemic hypertension.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hiperuricemia/prevenção & controle , Hiperuricemia/fisiopatologia , Falência Renal Crônica/prevenção & controle , Falência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Microcirculação/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiazóis/administração & dosagem , Animais , Febuxostat , Hiperuricemia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperuricemia/diagnóstico , Rim/irrigação sanguínea , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/fisiopatologia , Falência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Masculino , Microcirculação/fisiopatologia , Nefrectomia , Ácido Oxônico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity of propolis from China and Brazil was measured. The propolis from both place were seen to have XOD inhibitory activity. However, a stronger tendency was shown in the propolis from China. The compounds in each the propolis were measured quantitatively. A great deal of chrysin, galangin, and caffeic acid phenetyl ester were found in the propolis from China, an abundance of p-coumaric acid and artepillin C in the propolis from Brazil. Therefore it was revealed that the propolis compounds are very different depending on their place of origin. The XOD inhibitory activity of these five compounds was measured. Caffeic acid phenetyl ester had the strongest activity, with chrysin and galangin next; p-coumaric acid and artepillin C showed weak XOD inhibitory activity. We evaluated the hypouricemic effect of propolis from China on hyperuricemia induced by the uricase inhibitor, oxonic acid (500 mg/kg p.o., 1 h before the test drugs), and measured plasma uric acid values in rats. Oral propolis had a hypouricemic effect 2 h after its administration to oxonate-pretreated rats. These results suggested that a continuous intake of propolis may be effective for the prevention and the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia.