Assuntos
Humanos , Asma/etiologia , Rinite/etiologia , Tempestade de Areia , Deserto , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Infecções Respiratórias/etiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Asma/prevenção & controle , Rinite/prevenção & controle , Doença Crônica , África do NorteRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation dose on allergic sensitization and allergic diseases in infants, and to evaluate whether vitamin D status in pregnancy and at birth are associated with infant allergy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Altogether, 975 infants participated in a randomized, controlled trial of daily vitamin D supplementation of 10 µg (400 IU) or 30 µg (1200 IU) from the age of 2 weeks. At 12 months of age, food and aeroallergen IgE antibodies were measured, and the occurrence of allergic diseases and wheezing were evaluated. RESULTS: We found no differences between the vitamin D supplementation groups in food (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.66-1.46) or aeroallergen sensitization at 12 months (OR, 0.76; 95% CI,0.34-1.71). Allergic diseases or wheezing did not differ between groups, except for milk allergy which occurred more often in infants administered 30 µg vitamin D compared with the 10 µg dose (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.00-4.96). Infants with high cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (≥100 nmol/L) had a higher risk of food allergen sensitization compared with those with lower 25(OH)D concentration (75-99.9 nmol/L; OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.19-3.39). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose vitamin D supplementation did not prevent allergic sensitization, allergic diseases, or wheezing during the first year of life. In contrast, we observed an increased risk of milk allergy in infants randomized to higher vitamin D supplementation, and an increased risk of allergic sensitization in infants with high cord blood vitamin D status, indicating a possible adverse effect of high concentrations of vitamin D.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/prevenção & controle , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/etiologia , Falha de Tratamento , Vitamina D/sangueRESUMO
PURPOSE: Obesity results in decreased lung function and increased inflammation. Moderate aerobic exercise (AE) reduced lung inflammation and remodeling in a variety of respiratory disease models. Therefore, this study investigated whether AE can attenuate a diet-induced obesity respiratory phenotype; including airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), remodeling and inflammation. METHODS: Sixty C57Bl/6 male mice were distributed into four groups: control lean (CL), exercise lean (EL), obese (O) and obese exercise (OE) groups (2 sets of 7 and 8 mice per group; nâ¯=â¯15). A classical model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) over 12â¯weeks was used. AE was performed 60â¯min/day, 5â¯days/week for 5â¯weeks. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung inflammation and remodeling, adipokines and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was determined. RESULTS: A high fat diet over 18â¯weeks significantly increased body weight (pâ¯<â¯.0001). Five weeks of AE significantly reduced both AHR and pulmonary inflammation. AHR in obese mice that exercised was reduced at the basal level (pâ¯<â¯.05), vehicle (PBS) (pâ¯<â¯.05), 6.25 MCh mg/mL (pâ¯<â¯.05), 12.5 MCh mg/mL (pâ¯<â¯.01), 25 MCh mg/mL (pâ¯<â¯.01) and 50 MCh mg/mL (pâ¯<â¯.05). Collagen (pâ¯<â¯.001) and elastic (pâ¯<â¯.001) fiber deposition in airway wall and also smooth muscle thickness (pâ¯<â¯.001) were reduced. The number of neutrophils (pâ¯<â¯.001), macrophages (pâ¯<â¯.001) and lymphocytes (pâ¯<â¯.01) were reduced in the peribronchial space as well as in the BAL: lymphocytes (pâ¯<â¯.01), macrophages (pâ¯<â¯.01), neutrophils (pâ¯<â¯.001). AE reduced obesity markers leptin (pâ¯<â¯.001), IGF-1 (pâ¯<â¯.01) and VEGF (pâ¯<â¯.001), while increased adiponectin (pâ¯<â¯.01) in BAL. AE also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in the BAL: IL-1ß (pâ¯<â¯.001), IL-12p40 (pâ¯<â¯.001), IL-13 (pâ¯<â¯.01), IL-17 (pâ¯<â¯.001, IL-23 (pâ¯<â¯.05) and TNF-alpha (pâ¯<â¯.05), and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (pâ¯<â¯.05). CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise reduces high fat diet-induced obese lung phenotype (AHR, pulmonary remodeling and inflammation), involving anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and adiponectin.
Assuntos
Obesidade/complicações , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Elastina/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , FenótipoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of asthma has increased in communities that adopt a Western lifestyle and become more urbanized. Probiotics may be effective in the prevention of allergic diseases, such as asthma. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905 in an allergic model of asthma. METHODS: Balb/c mice were sensitized twice with ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneally, 1 week apart and challenged with OVA intranasally for 3 days. Mice were daily treated with S. cerevisiae UFMG A-905 via gavaging needle 10 days before OVA sensitization and during challenges. After challenge, in vivo lung function was measured, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung inflammation were assessed. RESULTS: Oral treatment with S. cerevisiae UFMG A-905 significantly decreased airway hyperresponsiveness, total cell number and the influx of eosinophils to the airway, inflammatory cell in the lung, mucus expression in epithelial cells and the levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Additionally, S. cerevisiae UFMG A-905 restored the levels of IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, and increased the levels of IL-17A. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of S. cerevisiae UFMG A-905 prevented the development of major asthma-like characteristics in a mouse model.
Assuntos
Asma/imunologia , Probióticos , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/imunologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Administração Oral , Animais , Asma/prevenção & controle , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Interleucina-13/imunologia , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Interleucina-4/imunologia , Pulmão/imunologia , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ovalbumina , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A long-term imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators leads to airway remodelling, which is strongly correlated to most of the symptoms, severity and progression of chronic lung inflammation. The Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]/Mas receptor axis of the renin-angiotensin system is associated with attenuation of acute and chronic inflammatory processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ang-(1-7) treatment in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA; 4 injections over 42 days, 14 days apart) and were challenged three times per week (days 21-46). These mice received Ang-(1-7) (1 µg·h(-1) , s.c.) by osmotic mini-pumps, for the last 28 days. Histology and morphometric analysis were performed in left lung and right ventricle. Airway responsiveness to methacholine, analysis of Ang-(1-7) levels (RIA), collagen I and III (qRT-PCR), ERK1/2 and JNK (Western blotting), IgE (elisa), cytokines and chemokines (elisa multiplex), and immunohistochemistry for Mas receptors were performed. KEY RESULTS: Infusion of Ang-(1-7) in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition in the airways and lung parenchyma, and prevented bronchial hyperresponsiveness. These effects were accompanied by decreased IgE and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mas receptors were detected in the epithelium and bronchial smooth muscle, suggesting a site in the lung for the beneficial actions of Ang-(1-7). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Ang-(1-7) exerted beneficial attenuation of three major features of chronic asthma: lung inflammation, airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness. Our results support an important protective role of Ang-(1-7) in lung inflammation.
Assuntos
Remodelação das Vias Aéreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Angiotensina I/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/prevenção & controle , Broncoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Pneumonia/prevenção & controle , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Animais , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/induzido quimicamente , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/metabolismo , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/fisiopatologia , Colágeno/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipertrofia Ventricular Direita/induzido quimicamente , Hipertrofia Ventricular Direita/fisiopatologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Direita/prevenção & controle , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Ovalbumina , Fosforilação , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/metabolismo , Pneumonia/fisiopatologia , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/agonistas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/induzido quimicamente , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/fisiopatologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Introducción: las enfermedades alérgicas y el asma incrementan su prevalencia en Cuba y a nivel mundial. Los ácaros del polvo se encuentran entre los alérgenos perennes más prevalentes en todo el mundo. Objetivo: determinar la sensibilización a 3 especies de ácaros domésticos en los niños asmáticos severos de la Escuela Especial Celia Sánchez Manduley, de Tarará, provincia La Habana. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 91 alumnos, durante el curso escolar 2011-2012, y a toda la muestra se le realizaron pruebas cutáneas por punción (prick test), utilizando extractos Vallergen-BT (Blomia tropicalis), Vallergen-DS (Dermatophagoides siboney) y Vallergen-DP (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) confeccionados por el Centro de Biopreparados, en Cuba; además se determinó IgE sérica total. Resultados: la rinitis alérgica resultó la comorbilidad alérgica más frecuente. El total de los pacientes presentó reactividad cutánea positiva a los ácaros, así como IgE sérica total elevada. La sensibilización frente al D. pteronyssinus se reportó en el 93,4 por ciento de los pacientes. No existió diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el diámetro del habón. Existió correlación entre la positividad de la IgE sérica total y la sensibilización cutánea a los 3 ácaros del polvo estudiado. Conclusiones: existe una estrecha relación entre el asma bronquial y la sensibilización a ácaros, con predominio de la especie D. Pteronyssinus
Introduction: the prevalence of allergic diseases and asthma grows in Cuba and worldwide. Dust mites are one of the most prevailing perennial allergens throughout the world. Objective: to determine the sensitization to 3 domestic mite species of severe asmathic children from Celia Sanchez Manduley special school located in Tarara, Havana province. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 91 students during the 2011-2012 academic year. The whole sample was performed prick tests using Vallergen-BT (Blomia tropicalis), Vallergen-DS (Dermatophagoides siboney) and Vallergen-DP (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) extracts prepared by the National Center of Biopreparations and their total serum IgE were additionally estimated. Results: allergic rhinitis proved to be the most frequent comorbidity. All the patients showed positive skin reactivity to mites as well as increased total serum IgE. Sensitization to D. pteronyssinus was reported in 93.4 percent of patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the habon diameter, but total serum IgE positivity and skin sensitization to the three dust mites under study were correlated. Conclusions: there is close association between bronchial asthma and sensitization to mites, being D. Pteronyssinus predominant
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Estado Asmático/complicações , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Pyroglyphidae/imunologia , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Subjects exposed to laboratory animals are at a heightened risk of developing respiratory and allergic diseases. These diseases can be prevented by simple measures such as the use of personal protective equipment. We report here the primary findings of the Laboratory Animals and Respiratory Allergies Study regarding the prevalence of allergic diseases among laboratory animal workers, the routine use of preventive measures in laboratories and animal facilities, and the need for prevention programs. METHODS: Animal handlers and non-animal handlers from 2 Brazilian universities (University of São Paulo and State University of Campinas) answered specific questionnaires to assess work conditions and symptoms. These subjects also underwent spirometry, a bronchial challenge test with mannitol, and skin prick tests for 11 common allergens and 5 occupational allergens (rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, and rabbit). RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-five animal handlers (32±10 years old [mean±SD], 209 men) and 387 non-animal handlers (33±11 years old, 121 men) were evaluated. Sensitization to occupational allergens was higher among animal handlers (16%) than non-animal handlers (3%, p<0.01). Accessibility to personal protective equipment was measured at 85% (median, considering 73 workplaces of the animal handler group). Nineteen percent of the animal handlers indicated that they wear a respirator at all times while handling animals or working in the animal room, and only 25% of the animal handlers had received an orientation about animal-induced allergies, asthma, or rhinitis. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our data indicate that preventive programs are necessary. We suggest providing individual advice to workers associated with institutional programs to promote a safer work environment.
Assuntos
Técnicos em Manejo de Animais , Animais de Laboratório , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/epidemiologia , Adulto , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Testes de Provocação Brônquica , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Equipamentos de Proteção , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Testes Cutâneos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Subjects exposed to laboratory animals are at a heightened risk of developing respiratory and allergic diseases. These diseases can be prevented by simple measures such as the use of personal protective equipment. We report here the primary findings of the Laboratory Animals and Respiratory Allergies Study regarding the prevalence of allergic diseases among laboratory animal workers, the routine use of preventive measures in laboratories and animal facilities, and the need for prevention programs. METHODS: Animal handlers and non-animal handlers from 2 Brazilian universities (University of São Paulo and State University of Campinas) answered specific questionnaires to assess work conditions and symptoms. These subjects also underwent spirometry, a bronchial challenge test with mannitol, and skin prick tests for 11 common allergens and 5 occupational allergens (rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, and rabbit). RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-five animal handlers (32±10 years old [mean±SD], 209 men) and 387 non-animal handlers (33±11 years old, 121 men) were evaluated. Sensitization to occupational allergens was higher among animal handlers (16%) than non-animal handlers (3%, p<0.01). Accessibility to personal protective equipment was measured at 85% (median, considering 73 workplaces of the animal handler group). Nineteen percent of the animal handlers indicated that they wear a respirator at all times while handling animals or working in the animal room, and only 25% of the animal handlers had received an orientation about animal-induced allergies, asthma, or rhinitis. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our data indicate that preventive programs are necessary. We suggest providing individual advice to workers associated with institutional programs to promote a safer work environment. .
Assuntos
Adulto , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Técnicos em Manejo de Animais , Animais de Laboratório , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/epidemiologia , Testes de Provocação Brônquica , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Equipamentos de Proteção , Fatores de Risco , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Testes Cutâneos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter within the Central Nervous System (CNS) and modifies immune cell activity. In lymphocytes, NMDA glutamate receptors regulate intracellular calcium, the production of reactive oxygen species and cytokine synthesis. MK-801, a NMDA receptor open-channel blocker, inhibits calcium entry into mast cells, thereby preventing mast cell degranulation. Several lines of evidence have shown the involvement of NMDA glutamate receptors in amphetamine (AMPH)-induced effects. AMPH treatment has been reported to modify allergic lung inflammation. This study evaluated the effects of MK-801 (0.25mg/kg) and AMPH (2.0mg/kg), given alone or in combination, on allergic lung inflammation in mice and the possible involvement of NMDA receptors in this process. In OVA-sensitized and challenged mice, AMPH and MK-801 given alone decreased cellular migration into the lung, reduced IL-13 and IL10 levels in BAL supernatant, reduced ICAM-1 and L-selectin expression in granulocytes in the BAL and decreased mast cell degranulation. AMPH treatment also decreased IL-5 levels. When both drugs were administered, treatment with MK-801 reversed the decrease in the number of eosinophils and neutrophils induced by AMPH in the BAL of OVA-sensitized and challenged mice as well as the effects on the expression of L-selectin and ICAM-1 in granulocytes, the IL-10, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in BAL supernatants and increased mast cell degranulation. At the same time, treatment with MK-801, AMPH or with MK-801+AMPH increased corticosterone serum levels in allergic mice. These results are discussed in light of possible indirect effects of AMPH and MK-801 via endocrine outflow from the CNS (i.e., HPA-axis activity) to the periphery and/or as a consequence of the direct action of these drugs on immune cell activity, with emphasis given to mast cell participation in the allergic lung response of mice.
Assuntos
Anfetamina/uso terapêutico , Maleato de Dizocilpina/farmacologia , Pneumonia/prevenção & controle , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/antagonistas & inibidores , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Anfetamina/administração & dosagem , Anfetamina/farmacologia , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Medula Óssea/imunologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/imunologia , Degranulação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Degranulação Celular/imunologia , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito/imunologia , Corticosterona/sangue , Corticosterona/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Maleato de Dizocilpina/administração & dosagem , Interleucinas/imunologia , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mastócitos/imunologia , Mastócitos/fisiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Pneumonia/imunologia , Pneumonia/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment can reverse an established allergic airway inflammation in a BALB/c mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation. METHODS: OVA sensitized BALB/c mice were challenged with aerosolized OVA on days 28 to 30, 34, 41 and 63. Mice were intranasal treated with BCG on days 35 and 42. Twenty-four hours after the last challenge, blood samples were collected to detect anti-OVA immunoglobulin isotypes, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was harvested for cell count. Additionally, lungs were collected for histological analysis, detection of the eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity and measurement of cytokines and CCL11. The expression of CTLA-4, Foxp3 and IL-10 was also determined in lung tissue by flow cytometry. RESULTS: BCG treatment was able to inhibit an established allergic Th2-response, by decreasing the allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation, EPO activity, levels of CCL11 and IL-4, serum levels of IgE and IgG1. Mycobacteria treatment increased lung levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and TGF-ß, and expressions of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 in CD4(+)T cells. Additionally, an increased production of IL-10 by CD8(+) T cells was observed, even though no detectable changes in CD4(+)IL-10(+) was noticed. CONCLUSION: BCG treatment inhibits features of allergic airway inflammation and the results suggest that the mechanism underlying the down-regulatory effects of BCG on OVA-induced airway inflammation appear to be associated with the induction of both Th1 and T regulatory immune responses.
Assuntos
Antialérgicos/administração & dosagem , Vacina BCG/administração & dosagem , Regulação para Baixo/imunologia , Mycobacterium bovis/imunologia , Ovalbumina/administração & dosagem , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Animais , Antialérgicos/imunologia , Vacina BCG/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Imunoglobulina E/biossíntese , Imunoglobulina G/biossíntese , Inflamação/microbiologia , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/patologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Células Th2/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th2/microbiologiaRESUMO
AIMS: Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF), which mobilizes hemopoietic stem cells (HSC), is believed to protect HSC graft recipients from graft-versus-host disease by enhancing Th2 cytokine secretion. Accordingly, G-CSF should aggravate Th2-dependent allergic pulmonary inflammation and the associated eosinophilia. We evaluated the effects of G-CSF in a model of allergic pulmonary inflammation. MAIN METHODS: Allergic pulmonary inflammation was induced by repeated aerosol allergen challenge in ovalbumin-sensitized C57BL/6J mice. The effects of allergen challenge and of G-CSF pretreatment were evaluated by monitoring: a) eosinophilia and cytokine/chemokine content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, pulmonary interstitium, and blood; b) changes in airway resistance; and c) changes in bone-marrow eosinophil production. KEY FINDINGS: Contrary to expectations, G-CSF pretreatment neither induced nor enhanced allergic pulmonary inflammation. Instead, G-CSF: a) suppressed accumulation of infiltrating eosinophils in bronchoalveolar, peribronchial and perivascular spaces of challenged lungs; and b) prevented ovalbumin challenge-induced rises in airway resistance. G-CSF had multiple regulatory effects on cytokine and chemokine production: in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, levels of IL-1 and IL-12 (p40), eotaxin and MIP-1a were decreased; in plasma, KC, a neutrophil chemoattractant, was increased, while IL-5 was decreased and eotaxin was unaffected. In bone-marrow, G-CSF: a) prevented the increase in bone-marrow eosinophil production induced by ovalbumin challenge of sensitized mice; and b) selectively stimulated neutrophil colony formation. SIGNIFICANCE: These observations challenge the view that G-CSF deviates cytokine production towards a Th2 profile in vivo, and suggest that this neutrophil-selective hemopoietin affects eosinophilic inflammation by a combination of effects on lung cytokine production and bone-marrow hemopoiesis.
Assuntos
Quimiocinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Citocinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Regulação para Baixo/fisiologia , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores do Crescimento/fisiologia , Pneumonia/prevenção & controle , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Resistência das Vias Respiratórias/imunologia , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/imunologia , Inibição de Migração Celular/imunologia , Quimiocinas/biossíntese , Citocinas/biossíntese , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Eosinófilos/citologia , Feminino , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pneumonia/imunologia , Pneumonia/patologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/patologiaAssuntos
Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/prevenção & controle , Alérgenos/análise , Asma/prevenção & controle , Dermatophagoides farinae/imunologia , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/imunologia , Testes Cutâneos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Algoritmos , Altitude , Animais , Asma/parasitologia , Criança , Poeira/análise , Equador/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Instituições Acadêmicas/normas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
There is a link between increased allergy and a reduction of some infections in western countries. Epidemiological data also show that respiratory allergy is less frequent in people exposed to orofaecal and foodborne microbes such as Toxoplasma gondii. Infection with T. gondii induces a strong cell-mediated immunity with a highly polarized T helper type 1 (Th1) response in early stages of infection. Using a well-known murine model of allergic lung inflammation, we sought to investigate whether T. gondii infection could modulate the susceptibility to develop respiratory allergies. Both acute and chronic infection with T. gondii before allergic sensitization resulted in a diminished allergic inflammation, as shown by a decrease in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia, mononuclear and eosinophil cell infiltration around airways and vessels and goblet cell hyperplasia. Low allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG1 and high levels of allergen-specific IgG2a serum antibodies were detected. A decreased interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 production by lymph node cells was observed, while no antigen-specific interferon-gamma increase was detected. Higher levels of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 were found in BAL from infected mice. These results show that both acute and chronic parasite infection substantially blocked development of airway inflammation in adult BALB/c mice. Our results support the hypothesis that T. gondii infection contributes to protection against allergy in humans.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Toxoplasmose/complicações , Doença Aguda , Alérgenos/imunologia , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Doença Crônica , Citocinas/biossíntese , Eosinofilia/imunologia , Eosinofilia/patologia , Eosinofilia/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Pulmão/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/patologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/patologiaRESUMO
House dust mites have been shown to be important sources of indoor allergens associated with asthma and other allergic conditions. Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide, and numerous scientific studies have shown that the prevalence of asthma is increasing. The most common dust mite species around the world include Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), Euroglyphus maynei (Em) and Blomia tropicalis (Bt). Over the past three decades, many important allergens from these species have been identified and characterized at the molecular level. The biological function of several house dust mite allergens has been elucidated, with many of them showing enzymatic activity. However, Bt allergens remain the least studied, even though this mite is very common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Puerto Rico. Therefore, it is very important to include Bt in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for house dust mite induced allergy and asthma, particularly in areas where Bt exposure and sensitization is high. Recombinant DNA technology, as well as other molecular biology and immunological techniques, have played a fundamental role in advances towards a better understanding of the biology of house dust mites and their role in allergic diseases. This kind of study also contributes to the understanding of the complex immunologic mechanisms involved in allergic reactions. The development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches depends on the continuity of research of house dust mite allergens. The objectives of this review are to describe the most important aspects of house dust mite allergy and to acquaint the scientific community with the latest findings pertaining to house dust mite allergens, particularly those derived from Bt.
Assuntos
Alérgenos , Asma/imunologia , Poeira , Ácaros/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/imunologia , Alérgenos/imunologia , Animais , Asma/prevenção & controle , Doença Crônica , Clima , Reações Cruzadas , DNA Complementar/análise , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Imunoglobulina E/análise , Ácaros/genética , Porto Rico , Pyroglyphidae/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Rinite Alérgica Perene/imunologia , Rinite Alérgica Perene/prevenção & controle , Estações do AnoRESUMO
House dust mites have been shown to be important sources of indoor allergens associated with asthma and other allergic conditions. Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide, and numerous scientific studies have shown that the prevalence of asthma is increasing. The most common dust mite species around the world include Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), Euroglyphus maynei (Em) and Blomia tropicalis (Bt). Over the past three decades, many important allergens from these species have been identified and characterized at the molecular level. The biological function of several house dust mite allergens has been elucidated, with many of them showing enzymatic activity. However, Bt allergens remain the least studied, even though this mite is very common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Puerto Rico. Therefore, it is very important to include Bt in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for house dust mite induced allergy and asthma, particularly in areas where Bt exposure and sensitization is high. Recombinant DNA technology, as well as other molecular biology and immunological techniques, have played a fundamental role in advances towards a better understanding of the biology of house dust mites and their role in allergic diseases. This kind of study also contributes to the understanding of the complex immunologic mechanisms involved in allergic reactions. The development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches depends on the continuity of research of house dust mite allergens. The objectives of this review are to describe the most important aspects of house dust mite allergy and to acquaint the scientific community with the latest findings pertaining to house dust mite allergens, particularly those derived from Bt.
Assuntos
Humanos , Alérgenos , Ácaros/imunologia , Asma/imunologia , Poeira , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/imunologia , Ácaros/genética , Alérgenos/imunologia , Asma/prevenção & controle , Doença Crônica , Clima , Reações Cruzadas , DNA Complementar/análise , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Immunoblotting , Imunoglobulina E/análise , Porto Rico , Pyroglyphidae/imunologia , Rinite Alérgica Perene/imunologia , Rinite Alérgica Perene/prevenção & controle , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Administration of ovalbumin by aerosol to sensitised rats produced a rapid (15 min) protein exudation in different airway tissues, as determined by Evans blue staining. This was associated with marked mast cell degranulation determined by histological examination, with there being no difference between mucosal and connective tissue mast cells. A 5-day administration regimen with compound 48/80 selectively depleted connective tissue mast cell (positive to berberine staining) without modifying ovalbumin-induced plasma protein extravasation. Treatment of rats with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, -12 h) or nor-dihydroguaiaretic acid (30 mg/kg i.p., -30 min) significantly reduced ovalbumin-induced protein extravasation and preserved mucosal mast cell morphology. Indomethacin (4 mg/kg i.v., -30 min) exerted no effect on either parameter. In conclusion, we propose the mucosal mast cell as a target cell responsible at least partly for the inhibitory actions of known anti-inflammatory drugs. We suggest an involvement of endogenous leukotriene(s), but not prostanoid(s), in mucosal mast cell activation/degranulation.
Assuntos
Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Administração por Inalação , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antígenos/administração & dosagem , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Indometacina/farmacologia , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/patologia , Inibidores de Lipoxigenase/farmacologia , Masculino , Masoprocol/farmacologia , Mastócitos/patologia , Ovalbumina/administração & dosagem , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/induzido quimicamente , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/patologia , Traqueia/efeitos dos fármacos , Traqueia/patologia , p-Metoxi-N-metilfenetilamina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Cockroach allergy has been recognized as an important cause of asthma. Cockroach asthma has been described as a more severe disease, associated with perennial symptoms and high levels of total IgE. Cockroaches produce several allergens that induce sensitization, and exposure to high levels of cockroach allergens in the home is a major risk factor for symptoms in sensitized individuals. Previously identified allergens from Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana, the most important domiciliary species, include Bla g 2 (inactive aspartic protease), Bla g 4 (calycin), Bla g 5 (glutathione-S-transferase), Bla g 6 (troponin), the Group 1 cross-reactive allergens Bla g 1 and Per a 1, Per a 3 (arylphorin), and Per a 7 (tropomyosin). Strategies for decreasing environmental exposure to cockroach have been recently investigated. The results suggest that a sustained decrease in cockroach allergen levels is difficult to accomplish, even after successful extermination of cockroach populations. Cockroach allergens have been cloned and produced as recombinant proteins in high-level expression vectors. The use of recombinant cockroach allergens should allow mechanisms of cockroach-induced asthma to be investigated and may lead to the development of new approaches to asthma treatment in the future.