RESUMO

Today, consumers are looking for functional foods that promote health and prevent certain diseases in addition to provide nutritional requirements. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of Liza klunzingeri protein hydrolysates. Fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) were prepared from L. klunzingeri muscle using enzymatic hydrolysis with papain at enzyme/substrate ratios of 1:25 and 1:50 for 45, 90 and 180 min. The antioxidant activities of the FPHs were investigated through five antioxidant assays. The cytotoxic effects on 4T1 carcinoma cell line were also evaluated. The amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution of the hydrolysate with the highest antioxidant activity were determined by HPLC. All six FPHs exhibited good scavenging activity on ABTS (IC50=0.60-0.12 mg/mL), DPPH (IC50= 3.18-2.08 mg/mL), and hydroxyl (IC50=4.13-2.07 mg/mL) radicals. They also showed moderate Fe+2 chelating capacity (IC50=2.12-12.60 mg/mL) and relatively poor ferric reducing activity (absorbance at 70 nm= 0.01-0.15, 5 mg/mL). In addition, all hydrolysates showed cytotoxic activities against the 4T1 cells (IC50=1.62-2.61 mg/mL). 94.6% of peptide in hydrolysate with the highest antioxidant activity had molecular weight less than 1,000 Da. L. klunzingeri protein hydrolysates show significant antioxidant and anticancer activities in vitro and are suggested to be used in animal studies.

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Alcalase is the enzyme of choice to release antihypertensive peptides from amaranth proteins, but the hydrolysis conditions have not been optimized yet. Furthermore, in vivo assays are needed to confirm such a hypotensive effect. Our aim was to optimize the hydrolysis of amaranth protein with alcalase and to test in vivo the hypotensive effect of the hydrolysates. A response surface analysis was carried out to optimize the hydrolysis reaction. The response variable was the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE-I) inhibition. The hydrolysis degree was determined (free alpha-amino groups measurement). The optimized hydrolysate bioavailability was assessed in the sera of mice and the hypotensive effect was assessed in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Control groups were administered captopril or water. The optimized hydrolysis conditions were: pH = 7.01, temperature = 52 °C, enzyme concentration 0.04 mU/mg, and time = 6.16 h. The optimized hydrolysate showed a 93.5% of ACE-I inhibition and a hydrolysis degree of 74.77%. After supplementation, the hydrolysate was bioavailable in mice from 5 to 60 min, and the hypotensive effect started at 4 h in spontaneously hypertensive rats (p < 0.05 vs. water group). This effect was similar to the captopril hypotensive effect for the next 3 h (p > 0.05). The use of amaranth-optimized hydrolysates as hypotensive supplements or ingredient for functional foods seems feasible.

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RESUMO

The aim of this study was to prepare enzymatic hydrolysates from whey protein concentrate with a nutritionally adequate peptide profile and the ability to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. The effects of the type of enzyme used (pancreatin or papain), the enzyme:substrate ratio (E:S ratio=0.5:100, 1:100, 2:100 and 3:100) and the use of ultrafiltration (UF) were investigated. The fractionation of peptides was performed by size-exclusion-HPLC, and the quantification of the components of the chromatographic fractions was carried out by a rapid Corrected Fraction Area method. The ACE inhibitory activity (ACE-IA) was determined by Reverse Phase-HPLC. All parameters tested affected both the peptide profile and the ACE-IA. The best peptide profile was achieved for the hydrolysates obtained with papain, whereas pancreatin was more advantageous in terms of ACE-IA. The beneficial effect of using a lower E:S ratio on the peptide profile and ACE-IA was observed for both enzymes depending on the conditions used to prepare the hydrolysates. The beneficial effect of not using UF on the peptide profile was observed in some cases for pancreatin and papain. However, the absence of UF yielded greater ACE-IA only when using papain.

O objetivo deste estudo foi preparar hidrolisados enzimáticos do concentrado proteico do soro de leite com perfil peptídico nutricionalmente adequado e com capacidade para inibir a atividade da enzima conversora da angiotensina (ECA). Os efeitos do tipo de enzima usado (pancreatina ou papaína), da relação enzima:substrato (E:S=0,5:100, 1:100, 2:100 e 3:100) e do uso da ultrafiltração (UF) foram investigados. O fracionamento dos peptídeos foi feito por CLAE de exclusão molecular e a quantificação dos componentes das frações cromatográficas foi realizada pelo método da Área Corrigida da Fração. A atividade inibitória da ECA (AI-ECA) foi determinada por CLAE de fase reversa. Todos os parâmetros testados afetaram tanto o perfil peptídico quanto a AI-ECA. O melhor perfil peptídico foi atingido para os hidrolisados obtidos com papaína, enquanto a pancreatina foi mais vantajosa em termos da AI-ECA. O efeito benéfico do uso de menor relação E:S sobre o perfil peptídico e a AI-ECA foi observado para ambas as enzimas dependendo das condições usadas para o preparo dos hidrolisados. O efeito benéfico da ausência da UF sobre o perfil peptídico foi observado em alguns casos para pancreatina e papaína. No entanto, a ausência da UF produziu maior AI-ECA somente quando a papaína foi usada.

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RESUMO

The objective of this work was to obtain enzymatic hydrolysates of wheyprotein concentrate with low phenylalanine content. Seventeen enzymatic hydrolysates were prepared and the effects of some parameters, such as type of enzyme; enzyme: substrate ratio; substrate concentration and time of hydrolysis were evaluated. Activated carbon was used as adsorbent and showed to be efficient for removing phenylalanine, leading to values above 70%. The best results were otained using pancreatin in an enzyme: substrate ratio of 1:100, a substrate concentration of 10% after 5 hours of hydrolysis, obtaining 81.3% of removal and a final phenylalanine content of 394.1 mg/100g of hydrolysate.

El objetivo de la investigación fue la obtención de hidrolizados enzimáticos con bajo contenido de fenilalanina, a partir de concentrado proteico de suero de leche. Se prepararon 17 hidrolizados enzimáticos y se evaluó el efecto de algunos parámetros como: tipo de enzima, relación enzima: sustrato, concentración de la materia prima y tiempo de hidrólisis. Carbón activado fue utilizado como medio adsorbente, y se mostró eficaz en la remoción de fenilalanina, se obteniendo porcentuales sobre 70%. El mejor resultado fué encontrado usando pancreatina en una relación enzima: sustrato de 1:100, con concentración de materia prima de 10% y 5 horas de hidrólisis, consiguiendo 81,3% de remoción y el contenido final de fenilalaninade 394,1 mg/100g de hidrolizado

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a obtenção de hidrolisados enzimáticos, a partir do concentrado proteico do soro do leite combaixo teor de fenilalanina. Foram preparados 17 hidrolisados enzimáticos, avaliando-se o efeito de alguns parâmetros, como tipo de enzima, relação enzima: substrato, concentração da matéria-prima e tempo de hidrólise. O carvão ativado foi utilizado como meio adsorvente, e mostrou-se eficaz na remoção da fenilalanina, obtendo-se percentuais acima de 70%. O melhor resultado foi encontrado utilizando-se apancreatina na relação enzima: substrato de 1:100, com a concentração da matéria-prima de 10% após 5 horas de hidrólise, atingindo 81,3% de remoção e o teor final de fenilalaninade 394,1mg/100g de hidrolisado.

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Dietary supplements (vitamins, polyphenols, micronutrients and proteins) have demonstrated beneficial effects on skin health. The classical route of administration of active compounds is by topical application and manufactures have substantial experience of formulating ingredients in this field. However, the use of functional foods or nutraceuticals for improving skin condition is increasing. The preclinical efficacy assays and bioavailability trials provide a basis from which to establish appropriate collagen hydrolysate (CH) intakes that might impact skin health outcomes. This commentary deals essentially with the general aspects of CH, bioavailability and findings of preclinical studies concerning the effects of CH intake on skin. To comprehensively study the different benefits of CH on skin, controlled clinical trials are needed in addition to the previous pre-clinical and bioavailability assays. Gaps in knowledge are identified and suggestions are made for future research.

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Patients residing in endemic areas for schistosomiasis in Brazil are usually undernourished and when they develop the hepatosplenic clinical form of the disease should usually receive hospital care, many of them being in need of nutritional rehabilitation before specific treatment can be undertaken. In the mouse model, investigations carried out in our laboratory detected a reduced aminoacid uptake in undernourished animals which is aggravated by a superimposed infection with Schistosoma mansoni. However, in well-nourished infected mice no dysfunction occurs. In this study, we tried to improve the absorptive intestinal performance of undernourished mice infected with S. mansoni by feeding them with hydrolysed casein instead of whole casein. The values obtained for the coefficient of protein intestinal absorption (cpia) among well-nourished mice were above 90 percent (either hydrolysed or whole protein). In undernourished infected mice, however, the cpia improved significantly after feeding them with hydrolysed casein, animals reaching values close to those obtained in well-nourished infected mice

Assuntos

RESUMO

Patients residing in endemic areas for schistosomiasis in Brazil are usually undernourished and when they develop the hepatosplenic clinical form of the disease should usually receive hospital care, many of them being in need of nutritional rehabilitation before specific treatment can be undertaken. In the mouse model, investigations carried out in our laboratory detected a reduced aminoacid uptake in undernourished animals which is aggravated by a superimposed infection with Schistosoma mansoni. However, in well-nourished infected mice no dysfunction occurs. In this study, we tried to improve the absorptive intestinal performance of undernourished mice infected with S. mansoni by feeding them with hydrolysed casein instead of whole casein. The values obtained for the coefficient of protein intestinal absorption (cpia) among well-nourished mice were above 90% (either hydrolysed or whole protein). In undernourished infected mice, however, the cpia improved significantly after feeding them with hydrolysed casein, animals reaching values close to those obtained in well-nourished infected mice.

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