RESUMO
AIMS: To quantify and compare the expression of Langerhans cells (LCs) in the tongue mucosa of AIDS patients with different opportunistic infections, and from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and non-AIDS patients with normal tongues, using autopsy material. METHODS AND RESULTS: Human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR), CD1a and CD83 antibodies were used to identify and quantify LCs by immunohistochemistry in tongue tissue of 40 AIDS patients (10 with lingual candidiasis, 10 with lingual herpes, 10 with oral hairy leukoplakia and 10 with no lesions) and 23 tongues from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative control patients. Quantification was performed by means of conventional morphometry in four different regions (anterior, middle, posterior and lateral) of the tongue. The results were expressed as positive cells per area of epithelium. The AIDS patients presented a lower density of CD1a(+) cells (P < 0.001), HLA-DR (P < 0.003) and CD83 (P < 0.001) in all regions of the tongue compared to the non-AIDS control group. However, no differences in any of the markers were found when AIDS patients with different opportunistic infections were compared with AIDS patients without tongue infection. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced stage AIDS patients showed a depletion of LCs in the tongue mucosa. HIV infection induces cytopathic changes in LCs, contributing to their depletion regardless of the presence of oral infections.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/patologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/patologia , Células de Langerhans/patologia , Doenças da Língua/patologia , Língua/patologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/virologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Candidíase/microbiologia , Candidíase/patologia , Feminino , Herpes Labial/patologia , Herpes Labial/virologia , Humanos , Células de Langerhans/metabolismo , Células de Langerhans/virologia , Leucoplasia Pilosa/patologia , Leucoplasia Pilosa/virologia , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Mucosa Bucal/virologia , Doenças da Língua/metabolismo , Doenças da Língua/virologiaRESUMO
Eight of the more than 80 known herpesviruses are human pathogens. Human herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a contagious infection with a large reservoir in the general population. It has a potential for significant complications in the immunocompromised host. In addition, psychological distress caused by the negative stigma associated with genital herpes and visible facial lesions in those experiencing frequent outbreaks renders it a challenging clinical dilemma. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic features of HSV infections, providing the clinician with an up-to-date understanding of the available management strategies for mucocutaneous HSV-induced disease.
Assuntos
Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/fisiopatologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/virologia , Herpes Simples/epidemiologia , Herpes Simples/fisiopatologia , Herpes Simples/imunologia , Herpes Simples/parasitologia , Herpes Simples/virologia , Eczema/epidemiologia , Eczema/fisiopatologia , Eczema/virologia , Herpes Genital/epidemiologia , Herpes Genital/virologia , Herpes Labial/epidemiologia , Herpes Labial/virologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the human herpes virus family. Most of the population (90%) has antibodies to HSV-1, and as many as 40% of these individuals may develop secondary herpes. Shedding of HSV-1 in the oral mucosa can be induced by many factors, including stress, sunlight, menstruation, and physical trauma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dental surgical procedures on HSV-1 shedding in the oral mucosa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The case group comprised 48 patients undergoing third molar extraction (case group) and 48 patients undergoing conventional restorative procedures (control group). All of the patients were IgG-positive for HSV-1. Oral swabs were performed before and 1 week after the procedures to investigate HSV-1 reactivation by nested polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The frequency of positive oral swabs to HSV-1 in the group that underwent surgery (4.2%) was not statistically different from that in the control group (2.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that oral surgical trauma does not have a significant impact on HSV-1 shedding in the oral mucosa.
Assuntos
Restauração Dentária Permanente , Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiologia , Mucosa Bucal/virologia , Estomatite Herpética/virologia , Extração Dentária , Ativação Viral/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , DNA Viral/análise , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Herpes Labial/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Dente Serotino/cirurgia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Dente Impactado/cirurgia , Eliminação de Partículas Virais/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the frequency of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) reactivation in the oral cavity of seropositive patients with previous history of recurrent herpes labialis (recrudescent group) compared with those without any history of recrudescent lesions (asymptomatic HSV-1 infection). In addition, the relation between recrudescence and the presence of the virus in the saliva was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen individuals with previous history of herpes labialis (recrudescent group) and 11 HSV-1 seropositive asymptomatic volunteers were included in the study. Swabs were performed periodically in all subjects and the presence of HSV-1 DNA was identified by nested PCR. RESULTS: All the 25 subjects enrolled in the study, revealed at least one positive swab for HSV-1. The frequency of HSV-1 positivity in the group with recrudescent herpes labialis was not statistically different from the other group. Ten subjects of the recrudescent group presented with herpes labialis at least once during the study. CONCLUSIONS: HSV-1 shedding in the oral cavity occurs independently of herpes labialis recrudescence.