RESUMO
Litopenaeus vannamei is a widely distributed euryhaline aquatic animal, affected by low salinity, which can impact its disease resistance and immunity. However, there is a limited understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of L. vannamei with different genetic backgrounds to low salinity. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the immunity characteristics and transcriptomics of L. vannamei low salt-tolerant (FG I/J) and low salt-sensitive (control) families. Also, the disease resistance and immune parameters (including [THC], hemolymph cell viability, lysozyme activity [LZM], phenoloxidase content [PO], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) of the FG I/J and control families of L. vannamei under low salinity (5) and ambient salinity (24) were examined. Additionally, hepatopancreas transcriptomics of the FG I/J and control families were analyzed at a salinity of 5. The results showed that the FG I/J family had higher disease resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and stronger immunological capacity than the control family. Transcriptomic analysis showed significantly enriched energy metabolism and immune regulation pathways. Therefore, we speculated that energy metabolism provides sufficient energy for immunological modulation in the FG I/J family to deal with long-term low-salt stress and achieve high growth and survival rates.
Assuntos
Resistência à Doença , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Penaeidae , Tolerância ao Sal , Transcriptoma , Animais , Penaeidae/imunologia , Penaeidae/genética , Resistência à Doença/genética , Resistência à Doença/imunologia , Tolerância ao Sal/genética , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/fisiologia , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/imunologia , Vibrioses/imunologia , Hepatopâncreas/imunologia , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Salinidade , Imunidade Inata , Hemolinfa/metabolismo , Hemolinfa/imunologia , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Proteínas de Artrópodes/genética , Proteínas de Artrópodes/metabolismoRESUMO
Pomacea canaliculata is one of the most successful invader in worldwide, adversely affecting native ecosystem through direct predation or indirect competition, while the mechanism of indirect effects on native species remain poorly understood. To clarify the effects of P. canaliculata on the native near-niche species, Bellamya purificata, a widespread freshwater gastropod in China, was selected as the research subject. The changes of mortality, histology, antioxidant system as well as the intestinal flora diversity of B. purificata were explored in present study. The results showed that the median lethal dose of P. canaliculata culture solution for B. purificata was 23.76 ind/L and a concentration-dependent damage of both the gonad and hepatopancreas were observed, the gonadal villi were dissolved and the hepatopancreas cells were broken at 20 ind/L. Furthermore, different concentrations of P. canaliculata culture solution leading to the antioxidant damage on the enzyme or non-enzyme systems of B. purificata at various degrees. Additionally, a decrease in the diversity of the intestinal flora was observed, accompanied by an increase in the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Aeromonas after the exposure of the culture solution of P. canaliculata. Last, after being recovered in freshwater for 24 h, the antioxidant damage of B. purificata and the disturbance of intestinal flora diversity were still not recovered especially in the high concentration group. The indirect competitive mechanism of P. canaliculata culture solution on B. purificata were explored from the aspects of tissue, biochemical level and intestinal flora, which enriched the research of P. canaliculata invasion on native snails in China, and provided new insights for the study of the invasion strategy of P. canaliculata.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Caramujos , Animais , Caramujos/microbiologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/microbiologia , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/patologia , Espécies Introduzidas , ChinaRESUMO
Selenium is a vital trace mineral that is crucial for maintaining regular biological processes in aquatic animals. In this study, a four-week dietary trial was carried out to assess the impact of bio-fermented selenium (Bio-Se) on the growth and immune response of Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis. The crabs were randomly allocated to five dietary treatment groups, each receiving a different dose of Bio-Se. The doses included 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg and were accurately measured in basal diet formulations. The results showed the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate (SR) in the 1.5 mg/kg Bio-Se group were the highest, and 3.0 mg/kg of Bio-Se has an inhibitory effect on the WGR, SGR, and SR. The activities of the immune enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acid phosphatase (ACP), of the hepatopancreas were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the 1.5 mg/kg Bio-Se group, while they decreased (p < 0.05) in the 3.0 mg/kg feeding group compared to the 0 mg/kg feeding group. The concentration of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) exhibited the opposite pattern. Similarly, the mRNA expression levels of antimicrobial peptides (ALF-1, Crus-1, and LYS), ERK, and Relish genes were also observed to be the highest in the 1.5 mg/kg Bio-Se group compared with the other groups. Furthermore, the administration of 1.5 mg/kg of Bio-Se resulted in an increase in the thickness of the intestinal plica and mucosal layer, as well as in alterations in the intestinal microbial profile and bacterial diversity compared to the dose of 0 mg/kg of Bio-Se. Notably, the population of the beneficial bacterial phylum Fusobacteria was increased after crabs were fed the 1.5 mg/kg Bio-Se diet. In conclusion, the oral administration of 1.5 mg/kg of Bio-Se improved the growth efficiency, antioxidant capabilities, immunity, and intestinal health of E. sinensis. Through a broken-line analysis of the WGR against dietary Bio-Se levels, optimal dietary Bio-Se levels were determined to be 1.1 mg/kg. These findings contribute valuable insights to the understanding of crab cultivation and nutrition.
Assuntos
Braquiúros , Suplementos Nutricionais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Selênio , Animais , Selênio/farmacologia , Braquiúros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Braquiúros/microbiologia , Braquiúros/imunologia , Braquiúros/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Fermentação , Ração Animal , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of tea polyphenols (TP) and medicinal plant mixtures (Astragalus membranaceus + Lonicera japonica, Rheum officinale Bail + Scutellaria baicalensis + Platycladus orientalis) combined with astaxanthin (AST), benzoic acid (BA), and yeast complex on the health status of Eriocheir sinensis. Method: A total of 630 crabs (male crabs: 41.51 ± 1.63 g; female crabs: 47.27 ± 0.79 g) were randomly distributed into seven groups with three replicates (male: female, 1:1). These crabs were fed as follows for 8 weeks: basal diet (M1), M2 (M1 + 100 mg/kg TP), M3 (M1 + 2.0 g/kg A. membranaceus + 20 g/kg L. japonica), M4 (M1 + 2.5 g/kg R. officinale Bail + 1.5 g/kg S. baicalensis + 1.0 g/kg P. orientalis), and M5, M6, M7 (M2, M3 and M4 with 600 mg/kg AST +1.0 g/kg BA + 20 mg/kg yeast complex added, respectively). Results and discussion: The results showed that the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysosome (LZM) in the hemolymph were significantly increased in M5, M6, and M7 (P < 0.05), and the highest phagocytosis index (PI) and LZM activity were observed in M7 of female crabs. Moreover, the antioxidant indicators superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) of hepatopancreas were also significantly improved in M5, M6, and M7 (P < 0.05), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents showed an opposite trend. Furthermore, a morphological examination also showed the improved histological structure of hepatopancreas in M7, especially as seen in the clear lumens, no vacuolation, and integrity of the basal membrane of the hepatopancreatic tubule. Taken together, these results suggested that 2.5 g/kg R. officinale Bail, 1.5 g/kg S. baicalensis, and 1.0 g/kg P. orientalis in combination with 600 mg/kg AST, 1.0 g/kg BA, and 20 mg/kg yeast complex could improve the non-specific immunity, antioxidant capacity, and hepatopancreatic health of E. sinensis.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Braquiúros , Suplementos Nutricionais , Hepatopâncreas , Plantas Medicinais , Animais , Braquiúros/imunologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Masculino , Feminino , Plantas Medicinais/química , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopâncreas/imunologia , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as phenanthrene (PHE), are common pollutants found in coastal areas where shrimp farming is developed. Even though PAHs can have adverse effects on physiology, shrimp can detoxify and metabolize toxic compounds and neutralize the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during this process. This requires the activation of multiple antioxidant enzymes, including peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6). Prx6 uses glutathione (GSH) to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides, a function shared with GSH peroxidase 4 (GPx4). Prx6 has been scarcely studied in crustaceans exposed to pollutants. Herein, we report a novel Prx6 from the shrimp Penaeus vannamei that is abundantly expressed in gills and hepatopancreas. To elucidate the involvement of Prx6 in response to PAHs, we analyzed its expression in the hepatopancreas of shrimp sub-lethally exposed to PHE (3.3 µg/L) and acetone (control) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, along with GPx4 expression, GSH-dependent peroxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation (indicated by TBARS). We found that GPx4 expression is not affected by PHE, but Prx6 expression and peroxidase activity decreased during the trial. This might contribute to the rise of TBARS found at 48 h of exposure. However, maintaining GPx4 expression could aid to minimize lipid damage during longer periods of exposure to PHE.
Assuntos
Glutationa Peroxidase , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Penaeidae , Peroxirredoxina VI , Fenantrenos , Fosfolipídeo Hidroperóxido Glutationa Peroxidase , Animais , Fenantrenos/toxicidade , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Penaeidae/metabolismo , Penaeidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Penaeidae/genética , Penaeidae/enzimologia , Fosfolipídeo Hidroperóxido Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Fosfolipídeo Hidroperóxido Glutationa Peroxidase/genética , Peroxirredoxina VI/metabolismo , Peroxirredoxina VI/genética , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/genética , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Brânquias/metabolismo , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Artrópodes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Artrópodes/genéticaRESUMO
Bisphenol S (BPS) is widely used in plastic products, food packaging, electronic products, and other applications. In recent years, BPS emissions have increasingly impacted aquatic ecosystems. The effects of BPS exposure on aquatic animal health have been documented; however, our understanding of its toxicology remains limited. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, and autophagy dysfunction induced in freshwater crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) by exposure to different concentrations of BPS (0 µg/L, 1 µg/L, 10 µg/L, and 100 µg/L) over 14 d. The results indicated that BPS exposure led to oxidative stress by inducing elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting the activity of antioxidant-related enzymes. Additionally, BPS exposure led to increased lipid content in the serum and hepatopancreas, which was associated with elevated lipid-related enzyme activity and increased expression of related genes. Furthermore, BPS exposure decreased levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), disrupted glycerophospholipid (GPI) metabolism, and caused lipid deposition in the hepatopancreatic. These phenomena may have occurred because BPS exposure reduced the transport of fatty acids and led to hepatopancreatic lipid deposition by inhibiting the transport and synthesis of PC and PI in the hepatopancreas, thereby inhibiting the PI3K-AMPK pathway. In conclusion, BPS exposure induced oxidative stress, promoted lipid accumulation, and led to autophagy dysfunction in the hepatopancreas of freshwater crayfish. Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that environmentally relevant levels of BPS exposure can induce hepatopancreatic lipid deposition through multiple pathways, raising concerns about the potential population-level harm of BPS and other bisphenol analogues.
Assuntos
Astacoidea , Autofagia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Estresse Oxidativo , Fenóis , Sulfonas , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Astacoidea/efeitos dos fármacos , Astacoidea/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Fenóis/toxicidade , Sulfonas/toxicidade , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/patologiaRESUMO
Shrimp are non-negligible victims of cadmium (Cd) contamination, and there is still a lack of strategies for mitigating Cd toxicity in shrimp. Bacillus cereus, with its significant heavy metal (HM) tolerance and chelating effects, is a representative beneficial bacterium to be investigated for mitigating the toxicity of Cd exposure. This study revealed the effects and potential mechanisms of B. cereus in mitigating chronic Cd toxicity in shrimp by analyzing growth performance, hepatopancreatic Cd accumulation, pathology, as well as comprehensive hepatopancreatic transcriptomics and metabolomics in Litopenaeus vannamei. The results showed that shrimp's growth inhibition, hepatopancreatic Cd accumulation and physiological structure damage in B. cereus+chronic Cd group were effectively alleviated compared with the chronic Cd treatment group. The pathways related to amino acid metabolism, glycolipid metabolism, immune response, and antioxidant stress were significantly activated in the B. cereus+chronic Cd group, including glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, biosynthesis of amino acids, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathways. The key differentially expressed genes (e.g., macrophage migration inhibitory factor, glycine cleavage system H protein, glycine dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase-2, asparaginase, ATP synthase subunit, cytochrome c, and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) and metabolites (e.g., L-leucine, D-ribose, gluconic acid, 6-Phosphogluconic acid, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, 1-Kestose, glyceric acid, arachidic acid, prostaglandins, 12-Keto-tetrahydro-leukotriene B4, and gamma-glutamylcysteine) associated with the above pathways were significantly altered. This study demonstrated that B. cereus is an effective mitigator for the treatment of chronic Cd poisoning in shrimp. B. cereus may play a role in alleviating the toxicity of Cd by enhancing the antioxidant performance, immune defense ability, metabolic stability, and energy demand regulation of shrimp. The study provides reference materials for the study of B. cereus in alleviating Cd toxicity of shrimp and broadens the application of probiotics in treating HM toxicity.
Assuntos
Bacillus cereus , Cádmio , Penaeidae , Transcriptoma , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Bacillus cereus/efeitos dos fármacos , Cádmio/toxicidade , Penaeidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Penaeidae/microbiologia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolômica , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopâncreas/patologia , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismoRESUMO
We investigated the effects of different nanoplastic (NP, size = 100 nm) concentrations on red crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) and examined toxicity mechanisms. We established four concentration groups (control (CK): 0 µg/L; Low: 100 µg/L; Medium: 500 µg/L; and High: 1000 µg/L) and analyzed toxicity effects in C. quadricarinatus hepatopancreas using histopathological, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and fluorescence methods. NP exposure caused histological lesions and oxidative stress in hepatopancreas, and also significantly decreased glutathione (GSH) (P < 0.05) but significantly increased malondialdehyde content (MDA) (P < 0.05) in NP-treated groups. By analyzing different metabolic indicators, total cholesterol (T-CHO) content significantly increased (P < 0.05) and triglyceride (TG) content significantly decreased in Medium and High (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that NPs influenced apoptosis, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and P53 signaling pathways. Metabolomic analyses indicated some metabolic processes were affected by NPs, including bile secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and cholesterol metabolism. Caspase 3, 8, and 9 distribution levels in hepatopancreatic tissues were also determined by immunofluorescence; positive caspase staining increased with increased NP concentrations. Additionally, by examining relative Bcl-2, Bax, Apaf-1, and p53 mRNA expression levels, Bcl-2 expression was significantly decreased with increasing NP concentrations; and the expression of Bcl-2 was increasing significantly with the NPs concentration increasing. Bax expression in Low, Medium, and High groups was also significantly higher when compared with the CK group (P < 0.05); with High group levels significantly higher than in Low and Medium groups (P < 0.05). P53 expression was significantly increased in Low, Medium, and High groups (P < 0.05). Thus, NPs induced apoptosis in C. quadricarinatus hepatopancreatic cells, concomitant with increasing NP concentrations. Therefore, we identified mechanisms underpinning NP toxicity in C. quadricarinatus and provide a theoretical basis for exploring NP toxicity in aquatic organisms.
Assuntos
Astacoidea , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Astacoidea/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Transcriptoma , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Metabolômica , MultiômicaRESUMO
Sexually dimorphic traits such as growth and body size are often found in various crustaceans. Methyl farnesoate (MF), the main active form of sesquiterpenoid hormone in crustaceans, plays vital roles in the regulation of their molting and reproduction. However, understanding on the sex differences in their hormonal regulation is limited. Here, we carried out a comprehensive investigation on sexual dimorphic responses to MF in the hepatopancreas of the most dominant aquacultural crustacean-the white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Through comparative transcriptomic analysis of the main MF target tissue (hepatopancreas) from both female and male L. vannamei, two sets of sex-specific and four sets of sex-dose-specific differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified after different doses of MF injection. Functional analysis of DETs showed that the male-specific DETs were mainly related to sugar and lipid metabolism, of which multiple chitinases were significantly up-regulated. In contrast, the female-specific DETs were mainly related to miRNA processing and immune responses. Further co-expression network analysis revealed 8 sex-specific response modules and 55 key regulatory transcripts, of which several key transcripts of genes related to energy metabolism and immune responses were identified, such as arginine kinase, tropomyosin, elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6, thioredoxin reductase, cysteine dioxygenase, lysosomal acid lipase, estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 8, and sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha. Altogether, our study demonstrates the sex differences in the hormonal regulatory networks of L. vannamei, providing new insights into the molecular basis of MF regulatory mechanisms and sex dimorphism in prawn aquaculture.
Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Hepatopâncreas , Penaeidae , Caracteres Sexuais , Transcriptoma , Animais , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Penaeidae/genética , Penaeidae/metabolismo , Penaeidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/metabolismoRESUMO
Environmental cues such as temperature induce macroscopic changes in the molting cycle of crustaceans, however, the physiological mechanisms behind these changes remain unclearWe aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms in the intermolt and premolt stages of the Callinectes sapidus molt cycle in response to thermal stimuli. The concentration of ecdysteroids and lipids in the hemolymph, and the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and molt key genes were assessed at 19 °C, 24 °C and 29 °C. The premolt animals exhibited a much larger response to the colder temperature than intermolt animals. Ecdysteroids decreased drastically in premolt animals, whereas the expression of their hepatopancreas receptor (CasEcR) increased, possibly compensating for the low hemolymphatic levels at 19 °C. This decrease might be due to increased HSPs and inhibited ecdysteroidogenesis in the Y-organ. In addition, the molting-inhibiting hormone expression in the X-organ/sinus gland (XO/SG) remained constant between temperatures and stages, suggesting it is constitutive in this species. Lipid concentration in the hemolymph, and the expression of CasEcR and CasHSP90 in the XO/SG were influenced by the molting stage, not temperature. On the other hand, the expression of HSPs in the hepatopancreas is the result of the interaction between the two factors evaluated in the study. Our results demonstrated that temperature is an effective modulator of responses related to the molting cycle at the endocrine level and that temperature below the control condition caused a greater effect on the evaluated responses compared to the thermostable condition, especially when the animal was in the premolt stage.
Assuntos
Braquiúros , Ecdisteroides , Hemolinfa , Muda , Temperatura , Animais , Braquiúros/metabolismo , Braquiúros/fisiologia , Braquiúros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Muda/fisiologia , Hemolinfa/metabolismo , Ecdisteroides/metabolismo , Sistemas Neurossecretores/metabolismo , Sistemas Neurossecretores/fisiologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismoRESUMO
Fluxapyroxad (FX), a typical succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, is causing increased global concerns due to its fungicide effects. However, the accumulation and grow toxicity of FX to Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) is poorly understand. Therefore, the accumulation pattern of FX in L. vannamei was investigated for the first time in environmental concentrations. FX accumulated rapidly in shrimp muscle. Meanwhile, growth inhibition was observed and the mechanism derived by primarily accelerated glycolipid metabolism and reduced glycolipid content. Moreover, exposure to environmental concentrations of FX induced significant growth inhibition and oxidative stress and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle in L. vannamei. The endocytosis signaling pathway genes were activated, thereby driving growth toxicity. Oxidative phosphorylation and cytosolic gene expression were further rescued in elimination experiments, demonstrating the mechanism of growth toxicity by FX exposure. The results revealed that FX persistently altered the gut microbiome of L. vannamei using gut microbiome sequencing, particularly with increased Garcinia Purple Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea for organic pollutant degradation. This study provided new insights into the potential toxicity of FX to marine organisms, emphasizing the need for further investigation and potential regulatory considerations.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hepatopâncreas , Penaeidae , Transcriptoma , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Penaeidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Penaeidae/microbiologia , Penaeidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Penaeidae/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), an economically important crustacean that is endemic to China, has recently experienced high-temperature stress. The high thermal tolerance of E. sinensis points to its promise in being highly productive in an aquacultural context. However, the mechanisms underlying its high thermal tolerance remain unknown. In this study, female E. sinensis that were heat exposed for 24 h at 38.5 °C and 33 °C were identified as high-temperature-stressed (HS) and normal-temperature-stressed (NS) groups, respectively. The hepatopancreas of E. sinensis from the HS and NS groups were used for transcriptome and proteomic analyses. A total of 2350 upregulated and 1081 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the HS and NS groups. In addition, 126 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were upregulated and 35 were downregulated in the two groups. An integrated analysis showed that 2641 identified genes were correlated with their corresponding proteins, including 25 genes that were significantly differentially expressed between the two omics levels. Ten Gene Ontology terms were enriched in the DEGs and DEPs. A functional analysis revealed three common pathways that were significantly enriched in both DEGs and DEPs: fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, leukocyte transendothelial migration, and thyroid hormone synthesis. Further analysis of the common pathways showed that MGST1, Act5C, HSP90AB1, and mys were overlapping genes at the transcriptome and proteome levels. These results demonstrate the differences between the HS and NS groups at the two omics levels and will be helpful in clarifying the mechanisms underlying the thermal tolerance of E. sinensis.
Assuntos
Braquiúros , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Hepatopâncreas , Proteoma , Transcriptoma , Animais , Feminino , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Proteoma/genética , Proteoma/metabolismo , Braquiúros/genética , Braquiúros/metabolismo , Braquiúros/fisiologia , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Proteômica/métodos , Ontologia Genética , Regulação da Expressão GênicaRESUMO
Methyl farnesoate epoxidase (MFE) is a gene encoding an enzyme related to the last step of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. Mn-MFE cDNA has a total length of 1695 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) length of 1482 bp, encoding 493 amino acids. Sequence analysis showed that its amino acid sequence has a PPGP hinge, an FGCG structural domain, and other structural domains specific to the P450 family of enzymes. Mn-MFE was most highly expressed in the hepatopancreas, followed by the ovary and gill, weakly expressed in heart and muscle tissue, and barely expressed in the eyestalk and cranial ganglion. Mn-MFE expression remained stable during the larval period, during which it mainly played a critical role in gonadal differentiation. Expression in the ovary was positively correlated and expression in the hepatopancreas was negatively correlated with ovarian development. In situ hybridization (ISH) showed that the signal was expressed in the oocyte, nucleus, cell membrane and follicular cells, and the intensity of expression was strongest at stage O-IV. The knockdown of Mn-MFE resulted in a significantly lower gonadosomatic index and percentage of ovaries past stage O-III compared to the control group. However, no differences were found in the cumulative frequency of molting between the experimental and control groups. Moreover, the analysis of ovarian tissue sections at the end of the experiment showed differences between groups in development speed but not in subcellular structure. These results demonstrate that Mn-MFE promotes the ovarian development of Macrobrachium nipponense adults but has no effect on molting.
Assuntos
Ovário , Palaemonidae , Animais , Ovário/metabolismo , Ovário/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Feminino , Palaemonidae/genética , Palaemonidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Palaemonidae/enzimologia , Palaemonidae/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Filogenia , Proteínas de Artrópodes/genética , Proteínas de Artrópodes/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácidos Graxos InsaturadosRESUMO
Spinibarbus sinensis, also known as Qingbo, is an important economic fish in China. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying its growth are still unknown. To excavate the genes and signaling pathways related to its growth, we compared the transcriptome profiles of the hepatopancreas tissues of S. sinensis, with two groups of growth rate for evaluation. An average of 66,304,909 and 68,739,585 clean reads were obtained in the fast growth (FG) and slow growth (SG) group, respectively. The differential gene expression analysis results showed that 272 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between the FG and SG groups, including 101 up-regulated genes and 171 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis results showed that GO terms related to metabolic process, organic substance metabolic process, and catalytic activity were enriched, pathway signals related to steroid biosynthesis and protein digestion and absorption were also detected. Meanwhile, the potential key regulatory genes sst2, fndc4, and cckra related to the growth of S. sinensis were screened. Reverse transcript fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validation of 18 DEGs associated with growth differences showed that the RT-qPCR results were consistent with RNA-seq analysis, and nine genes, stk31, gpr149, angptl1, fstl1, sik1, ror2, nlrc3, pdlim2, and nav2 were significantly expressed in the FG group. bmp1, stc1, gpatch8, sstrt2, s100a1, ktf6, cckar6, sync1, bhlha15, a total of nine genes were significantly expressed in the SG group. This study provides basic information for improving the growth characteristics of S. sinensis and the functional research of candidate genes.
Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Hepatopâncreas , Transcriptoma , Animais , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transcriptoma/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Ontologia GenéticaRESUMO
To investigate the impact of chlorantraniliprole on Procambarus clarkii, acute toxicity tests were performed. Results indicated that 96 h post-exposure to chlorantraniliprole (60 mg/L) led to the separation of the hepatopancreas basement membrane, causing cell swelling, rupture, and vacuolation. Moreover, acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities exhibited divergent trends across four concentrations of chlorantraniliprole (0, 30, 60, and 90 mg/L). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and catalase (CAT) levels significantly increased, while total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) activities decreased, indicating oxidative stress in the hepatopancreas. A total of 276 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 204 up-regulated and 72 down-regulated. Out of these, 114 DEGs were successfully annotated and classified into 99 pathways, with a primary focus on the cytochrome P450-mediated xenobiotic metabolism pathway. The DEGs enriched in this pathway, along with transcriptome data, were validated using quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. This study enhances the transcriptome database of P. clarkii and provides fundamental insights into its immune defense and antioxidant mechanisms. Additionally, it lays a theoretical foundation for future research on disease prevention in P. clarkii within rice-shrimp culture systems.
Assuntos
Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450 , Xenobióticos , ortoaminobenzoatos , Animais , ortoaminobenzoatos/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/genética , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Xenobióticos/metabolismo , Inativação Metabólica/genética , Astacoidea/genética , Astacoidea/efeitos dos fármacos , Astacoidea/metabolismo , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the prawn Palaemon argentinus to the pyrethroid cypermethrin (CYP) and the tetramic acid spirotetramat (STM). These treatments were compared with prawns collected at a reference site to define their basal physiological state. Initially, physicochemical parameters and several pollutants at the selected site were analyzed. The LC50-96 h was determined in adult prawns. Then, prawns were exposed for 96 h to sublethal concentrations of CYP (0.0005 µg/l) and STM (0.44 mg/l) to evaluate the effects on some biochemical endpoints. A treatment combining both pesticides was also added at 5 % of these values. Controls with and without solvent (acetone) were included. The LC50-96 h values were 0.005 µg/l and 4.43 mg/l for CYP and STM, respectively. Moreover, some biomarkers linked to oxidative and energy metabolism were analyzed in the hepatopancreas and muscle of both essayed prawns and those at the basal state. The STM caused a significant decrease in total protein content (32 %) in contrast to the increase of protein carbonyl content (71 %) (p < 0.05). Also, glutathione S-transferase (52 %) and catalase (61 %) activities in the hepatopancreas of exposed prawns were higher compared to both the control and state basal groups (p < 0.05). In muscle, only a significant decrease in the lactate content (69 %) was caused by STM (p < 0.05). In addition, CYP caused a significant increase in the lactate dehydrogenase activity (110 %) in muscle and triacylglycerol content (73 %) in the hepatopancreas (p < 0.05). The integrated biomarker index (IBRv2) analysis showed that STM caused greater damage than CYP. Besides, the combined treatment showed an antagonistic interaction between both insecticides. The differential response of biomarkers to both CYP and STM exposure with respect to their basal levels shows a high sensitivity of P. argentinus demonstrating its potential role as a bioindicator organism.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Inseticidas , Palaemonidae , Piretrinas , Compostos de Espiro , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Palaemonidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Piretrinas/toxicidade , Compostos de Espiro/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Compostos Aza/toxicidade , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismoRESUMO
Roundup®, a prominent glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH), holds a significant position in the global market. However, studies of its effects on aquatic invertebrates, including molluscs are limited. Pomacea canaliculata, a large freshwater snail naturally thrives in agricultural environments where GBH is extensively employed. Our investigation involved assessing the impact of two concentrations of GBH (at concentrations of 19.98â¯mg/L and 59.94â¯mg/L, corresponding to 6â¯mg/L and 18â¯mg/L glyphosate) during a 96â¯h exposure experiment on the intestinal bacterial composition and metabolites of P. canaliculata. Analysis of the 16â¯S rRNA gene demonstrated a notable reduction in the alpha diversity of intestinal bacteria due to GBH exposure. Higher GBH concentration caused a significant shift in the relative abundance of dominant bacteria, such as Bacteroides and Paludibacter. We employed widely-targeted metabolomics analysis to analyze alterations in the hepatopancreatic metabolic profile as a consequence of GBH exposure. The shifts in metabolites primarily affected lipid, amino acid, and glucose metabolism, resulting in compromised immune and adaptive capacities in P. canaliculata. These results suggested that exposure to varying GBH concentrations perpetuates adverse effects on intestinal and hepatopancreatic health of P. canaliculata. This study provides an understanding of the negative effects of GBH on P. canaliculata and may sheds light on its potential implications for other molluscs.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Glicina , Glifosato , Hepatopâncreas , Herbicidas , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/toxicidade , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Hepatopâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Caramujos/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , MetabolômicaRESUMO
Aroma is one of the most noticeable characteristics when consuming Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and is crucial for consumer satisfaction and the development of industry. In this study, we utilized fingerprints and the sensomics approach to analyze volatiles in the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis from Chongming and Taixing. GC-IMS indicated that the odor profile was dominated by pungent (-), buttery (+), and fruity (+) from Chongming and was more prone to alcoholic (-), solvent (-), and aldehydic (+) in Taixing. Moreover, PLS-DA modeling identified 2-acetylthiazole and toluene as the primary differential compounds. Subsequently, fifteen active-aroma compounds with FD values of >4 was recombined in an odorless matrix to simulate the odor profile of the hepatopancreas. Notably, removing methional may significantly decrease the intensity of the fatty and toasted odors. The findings reveal the odor profile of hepatopancreas and establish a theoretical foundation for subsequent studies on flavor.
Assuntos
Braquiúros , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Hepatopâncreas , Odorantes , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Animais , Odorantes/análise , Hepatopâncreas/química , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Braquiúros/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/químicaRESUMO
Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases can cleave carotenoids into a range of biologically important products. Carotenoid isomerooxygenase (NinaB) and ß, ß-carotene 15, 15'-monooxygenase (BCO1) are two important oxygenases. In order to understand the roles that both oxygenases exert in crustaceans, we first investigated NinaB-like (EsNinaBl) and BCO1-like (EsBCO1l) within the genome of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Their functions were then deciphered through an analysis of their expression patterns, an in vitro ß-carotene degradation assay, and RNA interference. The results showed that both EsNinaBl and EsBCO1l contain an RPE65 domain and exhibit high levels of expression in the hepatopancreas. During the molting stage, EsNinaBl exhibited significant upregulation in stage C, whereas EsBCO1l showed significantly higher expression levels at stage AB. Moreover, dietary supplementation with ß-carotene resulted in a notable increase in the expression of EsNinaBl and EsBCO1l in the hepatopancreas. Further functional assays showed that the EsNinaBl expressed in E. coli underwent significant changes in its color, from orange to light; in addition, its ß-carotene cleavage was higher than that of EsBCO1l. After the knockdown of EsNinaBl or EsBCO1l in juvenile E. sinensis, the expression levels of both genes were significantly decreased in the hepatopancreas, accompanied by a notable increase in the redness (a*) values. Furthermore, a significant increase in the ß-carotene content was observed in the hepatopancreas when EsNinaBl-mRNA was suppressed, which suggests that EsNinaBl plays an important role in carotenoid cleavage, specifically ß-carotene. In conclusion, our findings suggest that EsNinaBl and EsBCO1l may exhibit functional co-expression and play a crucial role in carotenoid cleavage in crabs.
Assuntos
Braquiúros , Hepatopâncreas , beta Caroteno , beta-Caroteno 15,15'-Mono-Oxigenase , Animais , beta Caroteno/metabolismo , Braquiúros/metabolismo , Braquiúros/genética , beta-Caroteno 15,15'-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , beta-Caroteno 15,15'-Mono-Oxigenase/genética , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Muda/genética , Oxigenases/metabolismo , Oxigenases/genética , Filogenia , Proteínas de Artrópodes/genética , Proteínas de Artrópodes/metabolismoRESUMO
Cyanobacterial blooms have emerged as a significant environmental issue worldwide in recent decades. However, the toxic effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on aquatic organisms, such as frogs, have remained poorly understood. In this study, frogs (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of MC-LR (0, 1, and 10 µg/L) for 21 days. Subsequently, we assessed the impact of MC-LR on the histomorphology of the frogs' livers and conducted a global MS-based nontarget metabolomics analysis, followed by the determination of substances involved in lipid metabolism. Results showed that MC-LR significantly induced histological alterations in the frogs' hepatopancreas. Over 200 differentially expressed metabolites were identified, primarily enriched in lipid metabolism. Biochemical analysis further confirmed that MC-LR exposure led to a disorder in lipid metabolism in the frogs. This study laid the groundwork for a mechanistic understanding of MC-LR toxicity in frogs and potentially other aquatic organisms.