RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Currently, there are limited and scarce models to teach complex liver resections by laparoscopy. The aim of this study is to present a hand-assisted technique to teach complex laparoscopic hepatectomies for fellows in liver surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laparoscopic hand-assisted approach for resections of liver lesions located in posterosuperior segments (7, 6/7, 7/8, 8) was performed by the trainees with guidance and intermittent intervention of a senior surgeon. Data as: (1) percentage of time that the senior surgeon takes the surgery as main surgeon, (2) need for the senior surgeon to finish the procedure, (3) necessity of conversion, (4) bleeding with hemodynamic instability, (5) need for transfusion, (6) oncological surgical margins, were evaluated. RESULTS: In total, 12 cases of complex laparoscopic liver resections were performed by the trainee. All cases included deep lesions situated on liver segments 7 or 8. The senior surgeon intervention occurred in a mean of 20% of the total surgical time (range, 0% to 50%). A senior intervention >20% was necessary in 2 cases. There was no need for conversion or reoperation. Neither major bleeding nor complications resulted from the teaching program. All surgical margins were clear. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary report shows that hand-assistance is a safe way to teach complex liver resections without compromising patient safety or oncological results. More cases are still necessary to draw definitive conclusions about this teaching method.
Assuntos
Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Laparoscopia Assistida com a Mão/educação , Hepatectomia/educação , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Hepatopatias/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Educacionais , Duração da Cirurgia , Posicionamento do Paciente , Ensino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The paradigm introduced by William Halsted for surgical residency training has been considered the most appropriate educational system to acquire the knowledge and surgical skills required to become a competent general surgeon. Hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery is considered an important part of general surgery training because of its high prevalence and complexity. Nowadays, we are faced with a worldwide shortage of general surgeons candidates, restrictive working hours and less surgical exposure, situations that can undermine the objectives of training in HPB surgery during residency. Moreover, new generations of resident graduates are concerned about their lack of preparedness for independence. We cannot escape from this reality and therefore it justifies a reflection in our HPB surgical world community.
Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/educação , Cirurgia Geral/educação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Biliar/educação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Biliar/tendências , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/tendências , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Feminino , Previsões , Hepatectomia/educação , Humanos , Internato e Residência/métodos , Curva de Aprendizado , Masculino , Pancreatectomia/educaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hepatectomy is an advanced technique learned during surgical fellowship. Outcomes have not been described for hepatectomies involving fellows. METHODS: We analyzed hepatectomies from the 2005-2011 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. We compared cases with a fellow (FELLOW group) and those without a fellow (ATTENDING group). RESULTS: FELLOW cases (n = 1,562; 54%) included more major hepatectomies and more metastasectomies (P < .002). Mortality was 3.2% versus 2.7% (P = .5) and morbidity was 30.7% vs 26.2% (P = .008) for FELLOW versus ATTENDING cases. On multivariate analysis, mortality was similar, but morbidity was greater in FELLOW cases (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.4; P = .03), with increased superficial surgical site infections (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4; P = .001). There were no differences in rates of sepsis, cardiac, pulmonary, or thromboembolic complications. Compared with ATTENDING cases, FELLOW cases during the first half of training, carried greater morbidity (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8; P = .006); however, this difference disappears by the second half of the academic year. CONCLUSION: Hepatectomy involving a fellow may be associated with an increased risk of surgical site infections. FELLOW cases were more complex. Mortality, cardiac, pulmonary, and other serious morbidities were similar. Despite slightly greater rates of surgical site infections, training in hepatic surgery maintains excellent patient outcomes.
Assuntos
Hepatectomia/educação , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/cirurgia , Bolsas de Estudo , Feminino , Hepatectomia/mortalidade , Hepatectomia/normas , Humanos , Internato e Residência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the porcine liver as a teaching and training model for the glissonian approach. METHODS: Ten livers were removed from domestic adult white pigs weighting 35 to 45 kg. Based on anatomical landmarks, the glissonian pedicles of each liver segments were dissected and biopsies were taken for histological examination, to analyze the presence of the glissonian sheath. RESULTS: During microscopic examination, a sheath of conjunctive tissue was observed wrapping each segmental pedicle in porcine liver. This could be clearly seen when histological preparation for connective tissue was obtained (Masson technique). CONCLUSION: The morphological arrangement of glissonian pedicles in porcine liver makes this model a useful tool for training the intra-hepatic glissonian approach.
Assuntos
Hepatectomia/educação , Fígado/cirurgia , Animais , Hepatectomia/métodos , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Modelos Animais , SuínosRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the porcine liver as a teaching and training model for the glissonian approach. METHODS: Ten livers were removed from domestic adult white pigs weighting 35 to 45kg. Based on anatomical landmarks, the glissonian pedicles of each liver segments were dissected and biopsies were taken for histological examination, to analyze the presence of the glissonian sheath. RESULTS: During microscopic examination, a sheath of conjunctive tissue was observed wrapping each segmental pedicle in porcine liver. This could be clearly seen when histological preparation for connective tissue was obtained (Masson technique). CONCLUSION: The morphological arrangement of glissonian pedicles in porcine liver makes this model a useful tool for training the intra-hepatic glissonian approach.(AU)
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilização do fígado suíno como um modelo experimental para o ensino e treinamento da técnica glissoniana intra-hepática nas ressecções do fígado. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 10 fígados inteiros de porcos adultos brancos, pesando entre 35-45 kg. Os pedículos glissonianos de vários segmentos foram dissecados e ressecados para a realização de estudos histológicos e verificação da presença da bainha conjuntiva ao longo das tríades portais. RESULTADOS: Na microscopia, uma bainha de tecido conjuntivo foi encontrada envolvendo os pedículos glissonianos no fígado suíno. A utilização de preparações específicas para o tecido conjuntivo (Masson) ressaltou a presença dessa bainha em cada pedículo. CONCLUSÃO: As características morfológicas dos pedículos glissonianos suínos, fazem desse modelo experimental um método de treinamento da técnica glissoniana intra-hepática.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Fígado/cirurgia , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Hepatectomia/métodos , Hepatectomia/educação , Modelos Animais , SuínosRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the porcine liver as a teaching and training model for the glissonian approach. METHODS: Ten livers were removed from domestic adult white pigs weighting 35 to 45kg. Based on anatomical landmarks, the glissonian pedicles of each liver segments were dissected and biopsies were taken for histological examination, to analyze the presence of the glissonian sheath. RESULTS: During microscopic examination, a sheath of conjunctive tissue was observed wrapping each segmental pedicle in porcine liver. This could be clearly seen when histological preparation for connective tissue was obtained (Masson technique). CONCLUSION: The morphological arrangement of glissonian pedicles in porcine liver makes this model a useful tool for training the intra-hepatic glissonian approach.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilização do fígado suíno como um modelo experimental para o ensino e treinamento da técnica glissoniana intra-hepática nas ressecções do fígado. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 10 fígados inteiros de porcos adultos brancos, pesando entre 35-45 kg. Os pedículos glissonianos de vários segmentos foram dissecados e ressecados para a realização de estudos histológicos e verificação da presença da bainha conjuntiva ao longo das tríades portais. RESULTADOS: Na microscopia, uma bainha de tecido conjuntivo foi encontrada envolvendo os pedículos glissonianos no fígado suíno. A utilização de preparações específicas para o tecido conjuntivo (Masson) ressaltou a presença dessa bainha em cada pedículo. CONCLUSÃO: As características morfológicas dos pedículos glissonianos suínos, fazem desse modelo experimental um método de treinamento da técnica glissoniana intra-hepática.