RESUMO

PONTOS-CHAVE O misoprostol é um análogo da prostaglandina E1 (PGE1) que consta na Lista de Medicamentos Essenciais da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) desde 2005 O Brasil possui uma das regulações mais restritivas do mundo relacionadas ao uso do misoprostol, estabelecendo que o misoprostol tem uso hospitalar exclusivo, com controle especial, e venda, compra e propaganda proibidas por lei Atualmente, o misoprostol é a droga de referência para tratamento medicamentoso nos casos de aborto induzido, tanto no primeiro trimestre gestacional quanto em idades gestacionais mais avançadas O misoprostol é uma medicação efetiva para o preparo cervical e indução do parto O misoprostol é um medicamento essencial para o manejo da hemorragia pós-parto

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the main causes of maternal mortality, mainly in the poorest regions of the world, drawing attention to the need for strategies for preventing it. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic administration of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in decreasing blood loss in pregnant women in delivery, preventing PPH. METHODS: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials. We searched for publications in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases, with the uniterms "postpartum, puerperal hemorrhage" and "tranexamic acid", published between January of 2004 and January of 2020. The eligibility criteria were trials published in English with pregnant women assessed during and after vaginal or cesarean delivery about the effect of prophylactic use of TXA on bleeding volume. The random-effects model was applied with the DerSimonian-Laird test and the Mean Difference (MD) was calculated for continuous variables together with each 95% CI. This systematic review was previously registered in the PROSPERO platform under the registration n° CRD42020187393. RESULTS: Of the 630 results, 16 trials were selected, including one with two different doses, performing a total of 6731 patients. The intervention group received a TXA dose that varied between 10 mg.kg-1 and 1g (no weight calculation). The TXA use was considered a protective factor for bleeding (MD: -131.07; 95% CI: -170.00 to -92.78; p = 0.000) and hemoglobin variation (MD: -0.417; 95% CI: -0.633 to -0.202; p = 0.000). In the subgroup analysis related to the cesarean pathway, the effect of TXA was even greater. CONCLUSION: The prophylactic use of tranexamic acid is effective in reducing the post-partum bleeding volume. PROSPERO REGISTRATION ID: CRD42020187393.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Background Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the main causes of maternal mortality, mainly in the poorest regions of the world, drawing attention to the need for strategies for preventing it. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic administration of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in decreasing blood loss in pregnant women in delivery, preventing PPH. Methods Systematic review of randomized clinical trials. We searched for publications in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases, with the uniterms "postpartum, puerperal hemorrhage" and "tranexamic acid", published between January of 2004 and January of 2020. The eligibility criteria were trials published in English with pregnant women assessed during and after vaginal or cesarean delivery about the effect of prophylactic use of TXA on bleeding volume. The random-effects model was applied with the DerSimonian-Laird test and the Mean Difference (MD) was calculated for continuous variables together with each 95% CI. This systematic review was previously registered in the PROSPERO platform under the registration n° CRD42020187393. Results Of the 630 results, 16 trials were selected, including one with two different doses, performing a total of 6731 patients. The intervention group received a TXA dose that varied between 10 mg.kg−1 and 1g (no weight calculation). The TXA use was considered a protective factor for bleeding (MD: -131.07; 95% CI: -170.00 to -92.78; p= 0.000) and hemoglobin variation (MD: -0.417; 95% CI: -0.633 to -0.202; p= 0.000). In the subgroup analysis related to the cesarean pathway, the effect of TXA was even greater. Conclusion The prophylactic use of tranexamic acid is effective in reducing the post-partum bleeding volume. PROSPERO registration ID CRD42020187393.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the best timing for prophylactic oxytocin administration during cesarean section (CS) to prevent post-partum hemorrhage (PPH). OBJECTIVES: Assess the effects of administrating prophylactic oxytocin at different times during CS. METHODS: We searched nine databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT). We pooled results and calculated average risk ratios (RR), mean differences (MD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We used GRADE to assess the overall evidence certainty. RESULTS: We screened 13,389 references and included four trials. We found no statistically significant differences between oxytocin given before versus after fetal delivery on PPH (RR 0.60, 95%CI 0.15-2.47; 1 RCT, N = 300) or nausea/vomiting (RR 1.21, 95%CI 0.69-2.13; 1 RCT, N = 300). There was a significant reduction in the need for additional uterotonics when oxytocin was given immediately before uterine incision versus after fetal delivery (RR 0.37, 95%CI 0.18-0.73; I2 = 0%; 2 RCTs; N = 301). Oxytocin given before fetal delivery significantly reduced intra-operative blood loss (MD -146.77mL, 95%CI -168.10 to -125.43; I2 = 0%; 3 RCTs, N = 601) but did not change the incidence of blood transfusion (RR 0.50, 95%CI 0.13-1.95; I2 = 0%; 2 RCTs, N = 301) or hysterectomy (RR 3.00; 95%CI 0.12-72.77; I2 = 0%; 2 RCTs, N = 301). One trial (N = 100) compared prophylactic oxytocin before versus after placental separation and found no significant differences on PPH, additional uterotonics, or nausea/vomiting. CONCLUSIONS: In women having pre-labor CS, there is limited evidence indicating no significant differences between prophylactic oxytocin given before versus after fetal delivery on PPH, nausea/vomiting, blood transfusion, or hysterectomy. Earlier oxytocin administration may reduce the volume of blood loss and need for additional uterotonics. There is very limited evidence suggesting no significant differences between prophylactic oxytocin given before versus after placental separation on PPH, need for additional uterotonic, or nausea/vomiting. The overall certainty of the evidence was mostly low or very low due to imprecision. Protocol: CRD42020186797.

Assuntos

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: A hemorragia puerperal (HPP) é um problema de saúde pública. A finalidade deste estudo foi estereotipar as pacientes diagnosticadas com HPP e saber seu desfecho ante a aplicação do protocolo da instituição. Foram avaliadas características anteparto e intraparto para encontrar perfil materno propenso ao desenvolvimento da HPP. Métodos: O método escolhido foi coorte com análise de prontuários no Hospital Filantrópico Beneficência Portuguesa, envolvendo 197 mulheres com diagnóstico de HPP, com administração de ácido tranexâmico de forma precoce, juntamente com ocitocina. O perfil predominante foi de idade materna não avançada, não brancas, multíparas, parto vaginal sem preparo de colo, ausência de síndrome hipertensiva e com idade gestacional de 39 semanas. A principal causa foi atonia uterina, seguida das lacerações de trajeto. Resultados: Além do ácido tranexâmico em conjunto com a ocitocina, a droga mais usada foi a metilergometrina; 71 (36%) mulheres precisaram de procedimentos, sendo o principal a sutura de trajeto e 45 (22,8%) precisaram de hemoderivados. Conclusão: A terapia farmacológica foi eficaz, com menor necessidade procedimentos e ausência de mortalidade.(AU)

Objective: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a public health problem. The purpose of this study is to stereotype patients diagnosed with PPH as well as know their outcome according to the institution's protocol. Antepartum and intrapartum characteristics were evaluated to find a maternal profile prone to the development of PPH. Methods: The method chosen was the cohort analysis of medical records at the Hospital Filantrópico Beneficência Portuguesa, involving 197 women diagnosed with PPH, with administration of tranexamic acid early, associated with oxytocin. As results, the predominant profile was non-advanced maternal age, non-white, non-primigravida, vaginal delivery without prior cervical ripening, without hypertensive syndrome and gestational age of 39 weeks. Results: The main cause was uterine atony, followed by trauma. In addition to tranexamic acid and oxytocin, the most used drug was methylergometrine; 71 (36%) women needed procedures, the main one was the path suture and 45 (22,8%) needed blood products. Conclusion: Pharmacological therapy was effective, with less need for procedures and no mortality.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a congenital bleeding disorder characterized by deficient or defective von Willebrand factor (VWF). Among women with VWD, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is common. Treatment options at delivery include plasma-derived VWF (pdVWF) and recombinant VWF (rVWF). However, limited data are available regarding their efficacy. We conducted a retrospective observational study comparing PPH in women with VWD treated at the Hemophilia Center of Western Pennsylvania between 1 February 2017 and 31 January 2018 with either rVWF or pdVWF. We compared postpartum outcomes, including PPH frequency and estimated blood loss (EBL) at delivery. There were a total of 12 deliveries, 7 vaginal and 5 cesarean. At delivery and for 3 days postpartum, 6 women received 80 IU/kg of rVWF and 6 received 80 IU/kg of pdVWF, based on prepregnancy weight, insurance, and/or patient choice. Treatment groups had similar demographics, including median age (32.0 vs 27.0 years; P = .075), bleeding scores (3.0 vs 3.5; P = .734), and prepregnancy body mass index (29.0 vs 29.2 kg/m2; P = .691). PPH occurred in 3 (25.0%) of 12 deliveries, with no difference by treatment group (2 of 6 rVWF vs 1 of 6 pdVWF; P = 1.000) and no difference in EBL by treatment group (685 vs 462 mL; P = .384) or delivery type (vaginal, P = .722 vs cesarean, P = .531). In summary, PPH occurred in one-fourth of the deliveries in women with VWD, despite a higher dose (80 IU/kg) of rVWF or pdVWF. Future trials are needed to develop and assess novel strategies to prevent PPH in VWD.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To characterise the occurrence of fever (≥38.0°C) after treatment for post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) with sublingual misoprostol 800 mcg in Latin America, where elevated rates of misoprostol's thermoregulatory effects and recipients' increased susceptibility to high fever have been documented. METHODS: A prospective observational study in hospitals in Argentina enrolled consenting women with atonic PPH after vaginal delivery, eligible to receive misoprostol. Corporal temperature was assessed at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min post-treatment; other effects were recorded. The incidence of high fever ≥ 40.0°C (primary outcome) was compared to the rate observed previously in Ecuador. Logistic regressions were performed to identify clinical and population-based predictors of misoprostol-induced fever. RESULTS: Transient shivering and fever were experienced by 75.5% (37/49) of treated participants and described as acceptable by three-quarters of women interviewed (35/47). The high fever rate was 12.2% (6/49), [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 4.6, 24.8], compared to Ecuador's rate following misoprostol treatment (35.6% (58/163) [95% CI 28.3, 43.5], P = 0.002). Significant predictors of misoprostol-induced fever (model dependent) were as follows: pre-delivery haemoglobin < 11.0g/dl, rapid placental expulsion, and higher age of the woman. No serious outcomes were reported prior to discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Misoprostol to treat PPH in Argentina resulted in a significantly lower rate of high fever than in Ecuador, although both are notably higher than rates seen elsewhere. A greater understanding of misoprostol's side effects and factors involved in their occurrence, including genetics, will help alleviate concerns. The onset of shivering may be the simplest way to know if fever can also be expected.

OBJECTIF: Caractériser la survenue de fièvre (≥ 38,0°C) après traitement d'une hémorragie post-partum (HPP) avec du misoprostol sublingual à 800 mcg en Amérique latine, où des taux élevés d'effets thermorégulateurs du misoprostol et une sensibilité accrue des receveurs à une forte fièvre ont été documentés. MÉTHODES: Une étude observationnelle prospective dans des hôpitaux en Argentine a recruté des femmes consentantes atteintes d'HPP atonique après un accouchement vaginal éligibles pour recevoir du misoprostol. La température corporelle a été évaluée 30, 60, 90 et 120 minutes après le traitement; d'autres effets ont été enregistrés. L'incidence d'une fièvre élevée ≥40,0°C (critère principal) a été comparée au taux observé précédemment en Equateur. Des régressions logistiques ont été effectuées pour identifier les prédicteurs cliniques et ceux basés sur la population de la fièvre induite par le misoprostol . RÉSULTATS: Des frissons transitoires et de la fièvre ont été ressentis par 75% (37/49) des participantes traitées et décrits comme acceptables par les trois quarts des femmes interrogées (35/47). Le taux de fièvre élevé était de 12% (6/49), [intervalle de confiance (IC) à 95%: 4,6, 24,8] contre 35,6% en Equateur après traitement au misoprostol (58/163) [IC95%: 28,3, 43,5], p = 0,002). Les prédicteurs significatifs de la fièvre induite par le misoprostol (selon le modèle) étaient: hémoglobine avant l'accouchement <11,0 g/dL, expulsion placentaire rapide et âge plus élevé de la femme. Aucun résultat sévère n'a été signalé avant le sortie d'hôpital. CONCLUSIONS: Le misoprostol pour traiter l'HPP en Argentine a entraîné un taux de fièvre élevée significativement plus bas qu'en Equateur, bien que les taux dans les deux pays soient notablement plus élevés que les taux observés ailleurs. Une meilleure compréhension des effets secondaires du misoprostol et des facteurs impliqués dans leur apparition, y compris la génétique, aidera à atténuer les inquiétudes. L'apparition de frissons peut être le moyen le plus simple de savoir si l'on peut également s'attendre à de la fièvre.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the use of the drug misoprostol for treatment of postpartum hemorrhage in pregnant women. METHODS: A descriptive observational study was carried out with secondary data from pregnant women who used misoprostol to treat postpartum hemorrhage in a reference public maternity, from July 2015 to June 2017. Clinical and sociodemographic profiles of pregnant women, how misoprostol was used and success rate in controling postpartum hemorrhage were characterized. RESULTS: A total of 717 prescriptions of misoprostol were identified. Of these, 10% were for treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. The majority of pregnant women were young adults, married, with complete high school education, white, residing in urban areas, multiparous (68.1%) and 25% had previous cesarean sections. The mean gestational age was 39 weeks and 51.4% had a cesarean section. There was prophylactic use of oxytocin in 47.2% of women. Treatment of postpartum hemorrhage was successful in 84.7% of women. Of these, 79.2% also used oxytocin and 54.2% methylergonovine. Only 13.5% of pregnant women had less than five prenatal visits, and the main cause of postpartum hemorrhage was uterine atony. There were 13 complications after hemorrhage, 15.3% required blood transfusion and there was one case of maternal death. CONCLUSION: Misoprostol showed to be effective and safe for treating postpartum hemorrhage.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the use of the drug misoprostol for treatment of postpartum hemorrhage in pregnant women. Methods A descriptive observational study was carried out with secondary data from pregnant women who used misoprostol to treat postpartum hemorrhage in a reference public maternity, from July 2015 to June 2017. Clinical and sociodemographic profiles of pregnant women, how misoprostol was used and success rate in controling postpartum hemorrhage were characterized. Results A total of 717 prescriptions of misoprostol were identified. Of these, 10% were for treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. The majority of pregnant women were young adults, married, with complete high school education, white, residing in urban areas, multiparous (68.1%) and 25% had previous cesarean sections. The mean gestational age was 39 weeks and 51.4% had a cesarean section. There was prophylactic use of oxytocin in 47.2% of women. Treatment of postpartum hemorrhage was successful in 84.7% of women. Of these, 79.2% also used oxytocin and 54.2% methylergonovine. Only 13.5% of pregnant women had less than five prenatal visits, and the main cause of postpartum hemorrhage was uterine atony. There were 13 complications after hemorrhage, 15.3% required blood transfusion and there was one case of maternal death. Conclusion Misoprostol showed to be effective and safe for treating postpartum hemorrhage.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o uso do medicamento misoprostol para o tratamento da hemorragia pós-parto em gestantes. Métodos Estudo observacional descritivo realizado por meio de dados secundários de gestantes que fizeram uso do misoprostol para tratamento da hemorragia pós-parto em maternidade pública de referência, no período de julho de 2015 a junho de 2017. Caracterizaram-se os perfis clínico e sociodemográfico das gestantes, o padrão de utilização do misoprostol e sua taxa de sucesso no controle da hemorragia pós-parto. Resultados Foram identificadas 717 prescrições do misoprostol. Destas, 10% foram para tratamento da hemorragia pós-parto. Predominaram gestantes adultas jovens, casadas, com Ensino Médio completo, raça branca, da região urbana, multíparas (68,1%) e 25% apresentavam cesáreas prévias. A idade gestacional média foi 39 semanas e 51,4% das gestantes tiveram parto cesárea. Houve uso profilático de ocitocina em 47,2% das mulheres. O tratamento da hemorragia pós-parto eve sucesso em 84,7% das gestantes que usaram misoprostol. Destas, 79,2% também usaram ocitocina e 54,2% metilergometrina. Apenas 13,5% das gestantes tiveram menos de cinco consultas de pré-natal, e a principal causa da hemorragia pós-parto foi atonia uterina. Foram registrados 13 casos de complicações após a hemorragia, 15,3% necessitaram de hemotransfusão e houve um caso de óbito materno. Conclusão O misoprostol demonstrou ser efetivo e seguro para o tratamento da hemorragia pós-parto.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones para mejorar la calidad del cuidado y desenlaces para mujeres que reciben atención del parto, en relación a la prevención de la hemorragia posparto (HPP) por atonía uterina en El Salvador. Métodos: La presente guía fue desarrollada siguiendo los lineamientos del Manual para la elaboración de guías de la Organización Mundial de la Salud1. De forma general, se creó un grupo para la elaboración con enfoque multidisciplinario compuesto por expertos sobre el tema, epidemiólogos, metodólogos y pacientes. Con base en la evidencia proveniente de la guía para el uso de uterotónicos para la prevención de hemorragia posparto, se desarrolló una adaptación para el contexto del sistema de salud de El Salvador2. Se realizó inclusión de evidencia local y la contextualización de sus recomendaciones. Las recomendaciones fueron graduadas en un panel de expertos conformado por profesionales en estadística, enfermería, materno infantil, médicos generales y especialistas en ginecología y obstetricia, perinatología, anestesiología, medicina familiar, economía de la salud, epidemiología, además se incluyó la participación de pacientes siguiendo el enfoque GRADE. Adicionalmente, la guía fue evaluada por pares temáticos y metodológicos. Todos los participantes del panel y del grupo desarrollador firmaron un formato de conflicto de intereses que analizaron los coordinadores de la guía.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the impact of intravenous (IV) infusion versus intramuscular (IM) oxytocin on postpartum blood loss and rates of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) when administered during the third stage of labor. While oxytocin is recommended for prevention of PPH, few double-blind studies have compared outcomes by routes of administration. METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial was conducted at a hospital in Argentina. Participants were assigned to receive 10 IU oxytocin via IV infusion or IM injection and a matching saline ampoule for the other route after vaginal birth. Blood loss was measured using a calibrated receptacle for a 1-hour minimum. Shock index (SI) was also calculated, based on vital signs measurements, and additional interventions were recorded. Primary outcomes included: the frequency of blood loss ≥500ml and mean blood loss. RESULTS: 239 (IV infusion) and 241 (IM) women were enrolled with comparable baseline characteristics. Mean blood loss was 43ml less in the IV infusion group (p = 0.161). Rates of blood loss ≥500ml were similar (IV infusion = 21%; IM = 24%, p = 0.362). Women in the IV infusion group received significantly fewer additional uterotonics (5%), than women in the IM group (12%, p = 0.007). Women with PPH in the IM group experienced a larger increase in SI after delivery, which may have influenced recourse to additional interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The route of oxytocin administration for PPH prevention did not significantly impact measured blood loss after vaginal birth. However, differences were observed in recourse to additional uterotonics, favoring IV infusion over IM. In settings where IV lines are routinely placed, oxytocin infusion may be preferable to IM injection.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether buccal misoprostol during cesarean delivery in conjunction with active management of the third stage of labor reduces the need for additional uterotonic drugs. METHOD: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed in Monterrey, Mexico, between February 2008 and December 2013. Eligible women had risk factors for uterine atony and were to undergo cesarean delivery under epidural block. Using a computer-generated sequence and blocks of six, patients were randomly assigned to receive 400µg misoprostol or 800µg placebo buccally after cord clamping. Both groups received an intravenous oxytocin infusion. The primary outcome was the need for additional uterotonic drugs. Analyses were performed per protocol. Patients, investigators, and data analysts were masked to group assignment. RESULTS: A total of 120 women were included in analyses (60 in each group). At least one additional uterotonic drug was required in 24 (40%) women in the placebo group versus 6 (10%) women in the misoprostol group (relative risk 0.16; 95% confidence interval 0.06-0.44). No adverse effects due to misoprostol were recorded. CONCLUSION: Buccal misoprostol during cesarean delivery reduced the need for additional uterotonic drugs to treat uterine atony. ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT01733329.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To describe the use of a local hemostatic agent (LHA) for the management of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to bleeding of the placental bed in patients taken to caesarean section at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital. SAMPLE: A total of 41 pregnant women who had a caesarean section and developed PPH. METHODS: A cross-sectional study. Analysis of all cases of PPH during caesarean section presented from 2006 up to and including 2012 at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Emergency hysterectomy due to PPH. RESULTS: The proportion of hysterectomies was 5 vs. 66 % for the group that received and did not receive management with a LHA respectively (PR 0.07, CI 95 % 0.01-0.51 p < 0.01). For the group managed without a LHA, 80 % of patients needed hemoderivatives transfusion vs. 20 % of patients in the group managed with a LHA (PR 0.24, CI 95 % 0.1-0.6 p < 0.01). A reduction in the mean days of hospitalization in addition to a descent in the proportion of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) was noticed when comparing the group that received a LHA versus the one that did not. CONCLUSION: An inverse association between the use of a LHA in patients with PPH due to bleeding of the placental bed and the need to perform an emergency obstetric hysterectomy was observed. Additionally there was a significant reduction in the mean duration of hospital stay, use of hemoderivatives and admission to the ICU.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La carbetocina es un octapéptido sintético análogo de acción prolongada de la oxitocina con propiedades agonistas. Sus propiedades son similares a las de la oxitocina. Una dosis única intravenosa de 100 microgramos de carbetocina administrada tras la extracción del niño es suficiente para mantener la contracción uterina adecuada que previene la atonía uterina y el sangrado excesivo. La tecnología cuenta con registro sanitario para la indicación. POBLACIÓN: Mujeres en estado posparto por cesárea con atonía uterina y hemorragia. INTERVENCIÓN: Carbetocina. COMPARACIÓN: Oxitocina. RESULTADOS: Pérdida de sangre y uso de oxitócicos adicionales. CONCLUSIONES: -Efectividad: carbetocina es al menos tan efectiva como la oxitocina en infusión en la reducción de la pérdida de sangre. Carbetocina parece asociarse a una disminución en el uso de oxitócicos adicionales. -Seguridad: carbetocina tiene efectividad y seguridad similar a la oxitocina. -Costo-efectividad: no se identificaron estudios de costo-efectividad para Colombia.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Shivering and fever are common side effects of misoprostol. An unexpectedly high rate of fever above 40°C was documented among Ecuadorian women given treatment with 800mcg of sublingual misoprostol to manage postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) (36%). Much lower rates have been reported elsewhere (0-9%). METHODS: From February to July 2010, an open-label pilot study was conducted in Quito, Ecuador to determine whether a lower dose--600mcg sublingual misoprostol--would result in a lower incidence of high fever (≥40°C). Rates of shivering and fever with 600mcg sublingual regimen were compared to previously documented rates in Ecuador following PPH treatment with 800mcg sublingual misoprostol. RESULTS: The 600mcg dose resulted in a 55% lower rate of high fever compared with the 800mcg regimen (8/50; 16% vs. 58/163; 36%; relative risk 0.45 95% CI 0.23-0.88). Only one woman had severe shivering following the 600mcg dose compared with 19 women in the 800mcg cohort (2% vs. 12%; relative risk 0.17 (0.02-1.25)). No cases of delirium/altered sensorium were reported with the 600mcg dose and women's assessment of severity/tolerability of shivering and fever was better with the lower dose. CONCLUSIONS: 600mcg sublingual misoprostol was found to decrease the occurrence of high fever among Ecuadorian women when given to treat PPH. This study however was not powered to examine the efficacy of this treatment regimen and cannot be recommended at this time. Future research is needed to confirm whether other populations, outside of Quito, Ecuador, experience unusually high rates of elevated body temperature following sublingual administration of misoprostol for treatment of PPH. If indeed similar trends are found elsewhere, larger trials to confirm the efficacy of lower dosages may be justified. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trials.gov, Registry No. NCT01080846.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introdução: As síndromes hemorrágicas estão entre as principais causas obstétricas diretas de mortes maternas. Segundo dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde estima-se uma morte a cada quatro minutos. A hemorragia pós-parto reflete diretamente a qualidade da assistência, sendo uma das causas potencialmente prevenível e tratável. O desenvolvimento de manejos clínicos para seu controle torna-se de extrema importância na redução da mortalidade materna. Objetivo: Definir a melhor estratégia para a prevenção e o tratamento da hemorragia pós-parto, enfatizando o manejo ativo no terceiro estágio do trabalho de parto. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura no banco de dados Medline/PubMed, LILACS/SciELO, Cochrane Library e no site do Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists em busca das melhores evidências clínicas disponíveis, considerando-se o grau de recomendação. Resultados: Verificou-se que o manejo ativo da terceira fase do trabalho de parto é de fundamental importância para a prevenção da hemorragia pós-parto. O uso de uterotônicos, sendo a ocitocina o fármaco de primeira linha para este fim, a tração controlada de cordão umbilical com massagem uterina são a base deste tratamento. O tratamento cirúrgico também pode ser necessário e deve ter uma indicação precisa e de acordo com a experiência do cirurgião. Conclusão: Uma boa assistência a gestantes durante o trabalho de parto, principalmente uma conduta ativa no terceiro estágio, interfere de forma positiva para a prevenção de hemorragias maternas graves, contribuindo para o controle e diminuição da mortalidade materna.(AU)

Introduction: The haemorrhagic syndromes are the main causes of direct obstetric maternal deaths. According to data from the World Health Organization estimated one death every four minutes. Postpartum haemorrhage directly reflects the quality of care, being a potentially preventable and treatable causes. The development of clinical managements to their control it becomes of extremely important for reduction maternal mortality. Objective: The aim of this work was to search in literature the most important strategy to prevent and the treat the postpartum haemorrhage, emphaesing the active management in the third stage of labour. Methods: A revision of literature in the Medline/ PubMed, LILACS/ SciELO, Cochrane Library and in the site of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists data base was carried through, in search of the best clinical evidences available, take into account also the degree of recommendation. Results: It was founded that the active management of third stage of labour is fundamental for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. The oxytocin was first line drug for this effect, the control umbilical lace traction with uterine massage is the base of this treatment. The surgery can be necessary and must have a straight indication and the experience of surgeon has a lot of importance. Conclusion: A good care for pregnant women during the labour, mainly in the active third stage of labour interferes in a positive way to prevent severe mothers' haemorrhages, and contributes to the reduction of maternal mortality.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: evaluar los cambios en la pérdida estimada de sangre y tasas de Hemorragia Posparto [HPP] derivados del entrenamiento en el Manejo Activo de la Tercera Etapa del Parto [MATED] en cinco Clínicas Materno Infantiles del departamento de Yoro, Honduras. METODOLOGÍA: durante nueve meses, el equipo de investigación enseña las habilidades sobre la pérdida estimada de sangre, establece una tasa base para la HPP y enseña el manejo activo de la tercera etapa del parto. En cada nacimiento se registran la pérdida estimada de sangre, los resultados para la madre y el neonato, así como el uso calculado de Oxitocina en el periodo posnatal. Los datos obtenidos se analizan estadísticamente con SPSS descriptivo, prueba-T y Chi-cuadrado. RESULTADOS: el periodo de estudio previo al entrenamiento en MATEP incluye 178 casos, el periodo posterior al entrenamiento incluye 392 casos. La pérdida estimada de sangre durante el periodo previo es de 109 ml en promedio, comparado con 81 ml en promedio que se obtiene durante el periodo posterior al entrenamiento (p=.004). En la fase previa y posterior a/ entrenamiento, el uso de Oxitocina en el periodo posparto es de 99.5%, aunque en el 17% de los casos reportados la administración de Oxitocina se realiza después de la expulsión de la placenta. Después del entrenamiento en MATER la tasa de hemorragia posparto disminuye del 7.3% al 3.8%, dato que no es estadísticamente significativo.

AIM: evaluate the changes in estimated blood loss and Post Partum Hemorrhage [PPH] rates with dissemination of Active Management of Third Stage of Labor [AMTSL] training to five Clinicas Materno Infantiles in the state of Yoro, Honduras. METHODS: over a nine month period, the research team utilized a two part training module to first teach the skills of estimated blood loss to establish a baseline rate for PPH and then in the second phase teach skills of active management of third stage labor. Estimated blood loss, outcomes for mother and neonate as well as the use and timing of Oxytocin in the postpartum period were recorded for each birth for the research team. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS for descriptive, t-test and chi-square statistics. RESULTS: pre-AMTSL training period N= 178, post AMTSL training N=392. Estimated blood loss pre-AMTSL training was a mean of 109 ml compared with post-training period of 81ml (p=.004). The use of Oxytocin in the postpartum period was 99.5% in both pre and post AMTSL training, though 17% of the cases reported Oxytocin administration after delivery of the placenta. The postpartum hemorrhage rate decreased from 7.3% to 3.8% after the AMTSL training, but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: AMTSL training reduced estimated blood loss though did not significantly change PPH rates in this study. Use of Oxytocin postpartum has become a regular component of care provided.

Assuntos