RESUMO
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by chromosomal instability and impaired DNA damage repair. FA patients develop oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) earlier and more frequently than the general population, especially after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although evidence of an etiological role of the local microbiome and carcinogenesis has been mounting, no information exists regarding the oral microbiome of FA patients. The aim of this study was to explore the salivary microbiome of 61 FA patients regarding their oral health status and OSCC risk factors. After answering a questionnaire and receiving clinical examination, saliva samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region. The microbial profiles associated with medical and clinical parameters were analyzed using general linear models. Patients were young (mean age, 22 y) and most had received HSCT ( n = 53). The most abundant phyla were Firmicutes [mean relative abundance (SD), 42.1% (10.1%)] and Bacteroidetes [(25.4% (11.4%)]. A history of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) ( n = 27) was associated with higher proportions of Firmicutes (43.8% × 38.5%, P = 0.05). High levels of gingival bleeding were associated with the genera Prevotella (22.25% × 20%), Streptococcus (19.83% × 17.61%), Porphyromonas (3.63% × 1.42%, P = 0.03), Treponema (1.02% × 0.28%, P = 0.009), Parvimonas (0.28% × 0.07%, P = 0.02) and Dialister (0.27% × 0.10%, P = 0.04). Finally, participants transplanted over 11 y ago showed the highest levels of Streptococcus (18.4%), Haemophilus (12.7%) and Neisseria (6.8%). In conclusion, FA patients that showed poor oral hygiene harbored higher proportions of the genera of bacteria compatible with gingival disease. Specific microbial differences were associated with a history of oral GVHD and a history of oral mucositis.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/microbiologia , Anemia de Fanconi/complicações , Microbiota , Neoplasias Bucais/microbiologia , Saliva/microbiologia , Fatores Etários , Anemia de Fanconi/terapia , Feminino , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/microbiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Humanos , Masculino , Mucosite/microbiologia , Higiene Bucal , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present investigation is to compare the presence and number of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota of smokers versus never-smokers with chronic periodontitis and matched probing depths (PDs) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS: Forty current smokers and 40 never-smokers, matched for age, sex, and mean PD of sampling site, were included in this investigation. A full-mouth periodontal examination was performed, and a pooled subgingival plaque sample was collected from the deepest site in each quadrant of each participant. To confirm smoking status, expired carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were measured with a CO monitor. The presence and quantification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were determined using RT-PCR. RESULTS: Smokers had greater overall mean PD (P = 0.001) and attachment loss (P = 0.006) and fewer bleeding on probing sites (P = 0.001). An association was observed between smoking status and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P <0.001). The counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P <0.001), P. gingivalis (P = 0.042), and T. forsythia (P <0.001) were significantly higher in smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Smokers showed significantly greater amounts of P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. forsythia than never-smokers. There was a significant association between smoking and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Fumar , Adulto , Idoso , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Carga Bacteriana , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Monóxido de Carbono/análise , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Gengiva/microbiologia , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
AIM: To describe the bacterial associations in the periodontal pockets of pregnant women and to correlate the presence of Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia), Treponema denticola (T. denticola), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromona gingivalis (P. gingivalis) with periodontal parameters of severity. METHODS: The analysis was performed with 150 pregnant women. The examination consisted of an evaluation of bleeding, suppuration, probing depths, clinical attachment levels, hypermobility scores, the Silness and Löe Plaque Index, and the Löe and the Silness Gingival Index. Each periodontal pathogen was identified by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: A statistically-significant association was observed (P < 0.01) between P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, between P. gingivalis and T. denticola, and between T. forsythia and T. denticola. Age was observed to be a risk factor in the development of moderate periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 4.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-21.3, P = 0.0328). Age was significantly associated with increased pocket depth and plaque index (OR = 6.36, 95% CI = 1.8-22.2, P = 0.0037). In pregnant women, the presence of P. gingivalis was found to increase the risk of developing a clinical attachment level ≥ 5 mm. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of P. gingivalis in pregnant women, especially in combination with T. forsythia and T. denticola, was associated with an increased risk of developing moderate periodontitis, and that association was more marked in pregnant women aged 30 years or older.
Assuntos
Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Periodontite/microbiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Infecções por Actinobacillus/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bacteroidaceae/microbiologia , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Transversais , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Gengivite/microbiologia , Humanos , Idade Materna , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Gravidez , Prevotella intermedia/isolamento & purificação , Mobilidade Dentária/microbiologia , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Treponema/diagnóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study tested the hypotheses that there is: (1) higher bacterial frequency in peri-implantitis/periodontitis, followed by mucositis/gingivitis and peri-implant/periodontal health; (2) similar bacterial frequency between comparable peri-implant and periodontal clinical statuses. DESIGN OF STUDY: The presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was evaluated in peri-implant (n=53) and periodontal (n=53) health; mucositis (n=50), gingivitis (n=50), peri-implantitis (n=50) and periodontitis (n=50). RESULTS: The pattern of peri-implant bacterial frequency was not as expected (peri-implantitis>mucositis>health). Except for P. intermedia (p>0.05), bacterial frequency was higher in peri-implantitis than health (p<0.05). The frequency of P.gingivalis and red complex species were higher in peri-implantitis than mucositis (p<0.05). In periodontal samples, T. forsythia and T. denticola showed the expected pattern of frequency (periodontitis>gingivitis>health). The frequencies of C. rectus and T. forsythia were higher in healthy teeth/gingivitis than healthy implants/mucositis, respectively (p<0.05). The frequency of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were similar between periodontitis and peri-implantitis (p>0.05) while all other species occurrences were higher in periodontitis than peri-implantitis (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial frequency increased from peri-implant/periodontal health to peri-implantitis/periodontitis but not from mucositis/gingivitis to peri-implantitis/periodontitis. There was a trend towards higher bacterial frequency in teeth than implants.
Assuntos
Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Implantes Dentários/microbiologia , Gengivite/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Peri-Implantite/microbiologia , Periodonto/microbiologia , Estomatite/microbiologia , Infecções por Actinobacillus/microbiologia , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Perda do Osso Alveolar/microbiologia , Carga Bacteriana , Infecções por Bacteroidaceae/microbiologia , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bacteroides/microbiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/microbiologia , Campylobacter rectus/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella intermedia/isolamento & purificação , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Treponema/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic changes resulting from non-surgical periodontal treatment associated with amoxicillin and metronidazole in individuals with aggressive periodontitis. METHODS: Fifteen individuals with aggressive periodontitis received non-surgical periodontal treatment and 45 days after completion of treatment were treated with antibiotics. Clinical data and samples of subgingival plaque were collected at baseline, 45 days after the non-surgical periodontal treatment, and 1 month after the use of antimicrobial agents. After 3 and 6 months, only clinical data were collected. The presence and quantification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), and Dialister pneumosintes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: All clinical parameters, with the exception of clinical attachment level (CAL), had significantly (P <0.05) improved at the end of the third month after non-surgical therapy associated with antibiotics. There was significant (P <0.05) reduction in the quantities of Td and Tf. After 1 month, there were significant (P <0.05) reductions in the frequencies of Pg and Tf. CONCLUSION: Non-surgical mechanical treatment associated with the use of amoxicillin and metronidazole led to an improvement in all clinical parameters studied, except for CAL, and significantly reduced the amount of subgingival Tf and Td.
Assuntos
Periodontite Agressiva/terapia , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efeitos dos fármacos , Periodontite Agressiva/microbiologia , Amoxicilina/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Carga Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteroides/efeitos dos fármacos , Sondas de DNA , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Índice de Placa Dentária , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Corantes Fluorescentes , Seguimentos , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Hemorragia Gengival/terapia , Bacilos Gram-Negativos Anaeróbios Retos, Helicoidais e Curvos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/terapia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Treponema denticola/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
AIM: To investigate the diversity, levels and proportions of Archaea in the subgingival biofilm of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP; n=30) and periodontally healthy (PH; n=30) subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diversity was determined by sequencing archaeal 16S rRNA gene libraries from 20 samples (10/group). The levels and proportions of Archaea were analysed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in four and two samples/subject in GAgP and PH groups, respectively. RESULTS: Archaea were detected in 27/28 subjects and 68% of the sites of the GAgP group, and in 26/30 subjects and 58.3% sites of the PH group. Methanobrevibacter oralis was found in all 20 samples studied, Methanobacterium curvum/congolense in three GAgP and six PH samples, and Methanosarcina mazeii in four samples from each group. The levels and proportions of Archaea were higher in GAgP than in PH, whereas no differences were observed between the two probing depth category sites from the GAgP group. CONCLUSION: Archaea were frequently found in subjects with periodontal health and GAgP, especially M. oralis. However, the higher levels and proportions (Archaea/total prokaryotes) of this domain observed in GAgP in comparison with PH subjects indicate a possible role of some of these microorganisms as an environmental modifier in GAgP.
Assuntos
Periodontite Agressiva/microbiologia , Archaea/classificação , Periodonto/microbiologia , Adulto , Archaea/isolamento & purificação , Biofilmes , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , DNA Arqueal/análise , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Methanobacterium/classificação , Methanobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Methanobrevibacter/classificação , Methanobrevibacter/isolamento & purificação , Methanosarcina/classificação , Methanosarcina/isolamento & purificação , Methanosarcinales/classificação , Methanosarcinales/isolamento & purificação , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , RNA Arqueal/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: : The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of periodontopathogens in subgingival periimplant sites in partially edentulous patients using polymerase chain reaction procedures, with regard to areas with clinical and radiographic signs of health and areas presenting periimplant disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: : Thirty nonsmoking, partially edentulous patients, aged 30 to 76 years, were included in this study and divided in 3 groups according their clinical and radiographic characteristics. Group A (n = 10) presented periimplant health, group B (n = 10) presented periimplant mucositis, and group C (n = 10) were patients with periimplantitis. Periimplant tissues were clinically examined as regards the color of mucosae, presence of bacterial plaque, depth and bleeding on probing, and local suppuration. History of periodontal disease was also considered. Radiographic analysis evaluated the presence of bone loss around the implant. Samples of periimplant crevicular fluid were collected to analyze the presence of periodontal pathogens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), and Treponema denticola (Td). RESULTS: : The results showed that the history of periodontal disease is associated with periimplant disease. The bacteria Aa, Pg, Pi, Td, and Tf were present in periimplant sites clinically and radiographically characterized, as healthy periimplant tissues, mucositis, and periimplantitis. CONCLUSIONS: : We concluded that Aa, Pg, Pi, Td, and Tf are present in healthy and diseased conditions. Therefore, these periodontal pathogens are not strictly related to periimplant disease sites.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários/microbiologia , Gengiva/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/classificação , Adulto , Idoso , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Perda do Osso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagem , Perda do Osso Alveolar/microbiologia , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/microbiologia , Hemorragia Gengival/classificação , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Gengivite/classificação , Gengivite/microbiologia , Humanos , Arcada Parcialmente Edêntula/microbiologia , Arcada Parcialmente Edêntula/reabilitação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peri-Implantite/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella intermedia/isolamento & purificação , Radiografia Interproximal , Estomatite/classificação , Estomatite/microbiologia , Supuração , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the prevalence and the molecular diversity of Archaea in the subgingival biofilm samples of subjects with peri-implantitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty subjects were assigned into two groups: Control (n = 25), consisting of subjects with healthy implants; and Test (n = 25), consisting of subjects with peri-implantitis sites, as well as a healthy implant. In the Test group, subgingival biofilm samples were taken from the deepest sites of the diseased implant. In both groups, subgingival biofilm was collected from one site with a healthy implant and from one site with a periodontally healthy tooth. DNA was extracted and the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified with universal primer pairs for Archaea. Amplified genes were cloned and sequenced, and the phylotypes were identified by comparison with known 16S ribosomal RNA sequences. RESULTS: In the Control group, Archaea were detected in two and three sites of the implant and the tooth, respectively. In the Test group, Archaea were detected in 12, 4 and 2 sites of diseased implants, healthy implants and teeth, respectively. Diseased implants presented a significantly higher prevalence of Archaea in comparison with healthy implants and natural teeth, irrespective of group. Over 90% of the clone libraries were formed by Methanobrevibacter oralis, which was detected in both groups. Methanobacterium congelense/curvum was detected in four subjects from the Test group and in two subjects from the Control group. CONCLUSION: Although M. oralis was the main species of Archaea associated with both healthy and diseased implant sites, the data indicated an increased prevalence of Archaea in peri-implantitis sites, and their role in pathogenesis should be further investigated.
Assuntos
Archaea/classificação , Biofilmes , Peri-Implantite/microbiologia , RNA Arqueal/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Perda do Osso Alveolar/microbiologia , Archaea/genética , Células Clonais , Implantes Dentários/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Methanobacterium/classificação , Methanobrevibacter/classificação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Filogenia , Dente/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In this study of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), the severity of the disease and the main periodontal pathogens identified in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were compared with those detected in individuals without systemic disease. DESIGN: Nineteen patients with CP without evidence of systemic disease (control group), 25 patients with CP and CKD who were in the pre-dialysis stages (pre-dialysis group), and 22 patients with CP and CKD who were on renal replacement therapy (RRT group) were examined. The severity of CP was based on the investigation of probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). The definition and stage of CKD were based on the criteria proposed by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative of the National Kidney Foundation. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the equation of Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and the identification of microorganisms in subgingival plaque was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Candida albicans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were more common in patients who were on RRT and pre-dialysis than in control subjects. CP was more severe in patients with CKD. A strong association was observed between the frequency of C. albicans (P = 0.056), P.gingivalis (P = 0.008), T. denticola (P = 0.013) and CAL, when CKD patients were compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: CP is more severe and is associated with increased frequency of C. albicans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola in patients with CKD.
Assuntos
Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Periodontite Crônica/classificação , Periodontite Crônica/complicações , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Complicações do Diabetes , Eikenella corrodens/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Fusobacterium nucleatum/isolamento & purificação , Hemorragia Gengival/classificação , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Retração Gengival/classificação , Retração Gengival/microbiologia , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/fisiologia , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/classificação , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/classificação , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella intermedia/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella nigrescens/isolamento & purificação , Terapia de Substituição Renal , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic infections, such as periodontitis, have been associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The mechanisms through which this occurs have yet to be elucidated. This study was carried out to detect periodontopathic bacteria as well as archaea and fungi in atheromatous plaques and search for factors associated with their occurrence in atheromas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out including 30 patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis in the carotid, coronary or femoral arteries. Plaques were collected during surgery and analysed using PCR to detect Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and members of the Synergistetes group. Samples were also surveyed with universal primers for bacterial, archaeal and fungal DNA. Patients responded to a questionnaire to determine factors associated with PCR results. RESULTS: All dentate individuals (66.7%) had periodontal disease, 95% of which was severe and 65% extensive. None of the targeted periodontopathic bacteria was found in the atheromas. No sample yielded positive results for fungal and archaeal DNA. Four samples (13%) were positive for the presence of bacterial DNA. Of these, three participants were dentate (two with severely chronic generalized periodontitis and one with severely chronic localized periodontitis). CONCLUSION: This study did not confirm previous findings of periodontal pathogens in atheromas, making it impossible to establish factors associated with their presence in plaques. Presence of bacterial DNA in some samples indicates that periodontal or nonoral bacterial species other than the ones targeted in this study may be involved with some cases of atherosclerosis.
Assuntos
DNA Arqueal/análise , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Fúngico/análise , Periodontite/microbiologia , Placa Aterosclerótica/microbiologia , Idoso , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Anaeróbias/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/microbiologia , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Doença das Coronárias/microbiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Artéria Femoral/microbiologia , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , RNA Arqueal/análise , RNA Bacteriano/análise , RNA Fúngico/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The increasing rate of resistance of microorganisms to penicillin and other antibiotics has generated concern among health authorities in Latin America. The present investigation determined the in vitro susceptibility of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, black-pigmented Prevotella spp. and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to metronidazole, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin and moxifloxacin in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subgingival plaque samples from patients with periodontitis were collected and cultured on selective and nonselective culture media. The antimicrobial susceptibility of periodontopathogenic isolates was studied in chronic periodontitis patients in Colombia. Metronidazole, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin and moxifloxacin were tested on all bacterial isolates and the percentage of resistant strains was calculated. RESULTS: Of the 150 bacteria identified, 51 were P. gingivalis, 45 were black-pigmented Prevotella spp., 36 were F. nucleatum and 18 were A. actinomycetemcomitans. All the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and to moxifloxacin, but exhibited variable susceptibility patterns to the other antimicrobial agents tested. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that periodontal microorganisms in patients with chronic periodontitis can be resistant to the antimicrobial agents commonly used in anti-infective periodontal therapy. We suggest that the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials could result in the appearance of more highly antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria associated with periodontal diseases in our population compared with the populations of other countries.
Assuntos
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efeitos dos fármacos , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efeitos dos fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Idoso , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Resistência a Ampicilina , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Compostos Aza/uso terapêutico , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Periodontite Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Clindamicina/uso terapêutico , Colômbia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Fluoroquinolonas , Fusobacterium nucleatum/isolamento & purificação , Hemorragia Gengival/classificação , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Moxifloxacina , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/classificação , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/classificação , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella/isolamento & purificação , Quinolinas/uso terapêutico , Resistência beta-LactâmicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a genotoxin produced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In spite of its association with pathogenesis, little is known about the humoral immune response against the CDT. This study aimed to test whether subgingival colonization and humoral response to A. actinomycetemcomitans would lead to a response against CDT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sera from periodontally healthy, localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis subjects (n = 80) were assessed for immunoglobulin G titers to A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a/b/c and to each CDT subunit (CdtA, CdtB and CdtC) by ELISA. A. actinomycetemcomitans subgingival levels and neutralization of CDT activity were also analyzed. RESULTS: Sera from 75.0% localized and 81.8% generalized aggressive periodontitis patients reacted to A. actinomycetemcomitans. A response to serotype b was detected in localized (66.7%) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (54.5%). Reactivity to A. actinomycetemcomitans correlated with subgingival colonization (R = 0.75, p < 0.05). There was no correlation between A. actinomycetemcomitans colonization or response to serotypes and the immunoglobulin G response to CDT subunits. Titers of immunoglobulin G to CdtA and CdtB did not differ among groups; however, sera of all generalized aggressive periodontitis patients reacted to CdtC. Neutralization of CDT was not correlated with levels of antibodies to CDT subunits. CONCLUSION: Response to CdtA and CdtB did not correlate with the periodontal status of the subject in the context of an A. actinomycetemcomitans infection. However, a response to CdtC was found in sera of generalized but not of localized aggressive periodontitis subjects. Differences in response to CdtC between generalized and localized aggressive periodontitis subjects indicate that CDT could be expressed differently by the infecting strains. Alternatively, the antibody response to CdtC could require the colonization of multiple sites.
Assuntos
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/imunologia , Toxinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Imunidade Humoral/imunologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Subunidades Proteicas/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/classificação , Periodontite Agressiva/imunologia , Periodontite Agressiva/microbiologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/imunologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/microbiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Células CHO , Sobrevivência Celular , Periodontite Crônica/imunologia , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Gengiva/microbiologia , Hemorragia Gengival/imunologia , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutagênicos , Testes de Neutralização , Bolsa Periodontal/imunologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodontite/imunologia , Sorotipagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with periodontal disease, especially localized aggressive periodontitis, produces a potent leukotoxin and its distribution is influenced by ethnic characteristics of the population. OBJECTIVE: Using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, this study evaluated the occurrence of this microorganism and the distribution of leukotoxic strains isolated from Indians belonging to the Umutima Reservation, Mato Grosso, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight native Brazilians with gingivitis and 38 with chronic periodontitis, belonging to Umutina, Paresi, Bororo, Bakairi, Kayabi, Irantxe, Nambikwara and Terena ethnicities, were studied. Subgingival, supragingival and saliva samples of each patient were collected and transferred to VMGA III medium and to ultra pure Milli Q water. Bacteria were grown on TSBV agar and incubated in anaerobiosis (90% N2 + 10% CO2) at 37 degrees C for 72 h. The presence of the ltx promoter was determined by PCR, and a 530 bp deletion in the promoter was evaluated by using specific primers. RESULTS: A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated from 8.33% of saliva, supragingival and subgingival samples from patients with gingivitis and from 18.42% of saliva and supragingival biofilm, and 26.32% subgingival biofilm from patients with chronic periodontitis. By PCR, the bacterial DNA was detected in 8.33% of saliva, supragingival and subgingival biofilms from patients with gingivitis and from 23.68% of saliva, 28.95% supragingival biofilm and 34.21% subgingival biofilm from patients with periodontitis. All strains were grouped as non-JP2 clones based on the absence of deletion in the leukotoxin promoter. Differences among the microbial and clinical parameters in patients were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney, Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans can be related to the attachment loss in this population, but the presence of minimally leukotoxic strains, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of the periodontitis in these native Brazilians need to be further investigated.
Assuntos
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Gengivite/microbiologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/classificação , Toxinas Bacterianas/análise , Pareamento de Bases/genética , Sequência de Bases/genética , Biofilmes , Brasil/etnologia , Dispositivos para o Cuidado Bucal Domiciliar , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Exotoxinas/análise , Gengiva/microbiologia , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Saliva/microbiologia , Deleção de Sequência/genética , Escovação Dentária , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with periodontal disease, especially localized aggressive periodontitis, produces a potent leukotoxin and its distribution is influenced by ethnic characteristics of the population. Objective: Using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, this study evaluated the occurrence of this microorganism and the distribution of leukotoxic strains isolated from Indians belonging to the Umutima Reservation, Mato Grosso, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight native Brazilians with gingivitis and 38 with chronic periodontitis, belonging to Umutina, Paresi, Bororo, Bakairi, Kayabi, Irantxe, Nambikwara and Terena ethnicities, were studied. Subgingival, supragingival and saliva samples of each patient were collected and transferred to VMGA III medium and to ultra pure Milli Q water. Bacteria were grown on TSBV agar and incubated in anaerobiosis (90 percent N2 + 10 percent CO2) at 37ºC for 72 h. The presence of the ltx promoter was determined by PCR, and a 530 bp deletion in the promoter was evaluated by using specific primers. RESULTS: A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated from 8.33 percent of saliva, supragingival and subgingival samples from patients with gingivitis and from 18.42 percent of saliva and supragingival biofilm, and 26.32 percent subgingival biofilm from patients with chronic periodontitis. By PCR, the bacterial DNA was detected in 8.33 percent of saliva, supragingival and subgingival biofilms from patients with gingivitis and from 23.68 percent of saliva, 28.95 percent supragingival biofilm and 34.21 percent subgingival biofilm from patients with periodontitis. All strains were grouped as non-JP2 clones based on the absence of deletion in the leukotoxin promoter. Differences among the microbial and clinical parameters in patients were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney, Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans ...
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Gengivite/microbiologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Fatores Etários , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/classificação , Biofilmes , Toxinas Bacterianas/análise , Pareamento de Bases/genética , Sequência de Bases/genética , Brasil/etnologia , Dispositivos para o Cuidado Bucal Domiciliar , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Exotoxinas/análise , Gengiva/microbiologia , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Saliva/microbiologia , Deleção de Sequência/genética , Escovação Dentária , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes were associated with virulence factors in vitro, but little evidence of an association with disease severity were shown in humans. We aimed to correlate levels of P. gingivalis fimA genotypes II and IV and probing depth in smoker-chronic periodontitis subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty eight subgingival samples of 20 smokers non-treated chronic periodontitis subjects obtained from sites with different probing depths [shallow (< or =3 mm), intermediate (4-6 mm), deep (> or =7 mm)] were analysed by real-time PCR for P. gingivalis and genotypes fimA II and IV. RESULTS: P. gingivalis and fimA IV were detected in all subjects, whereas fimA II was detected in 18 subjects (90%). One hundred and fifty two sites (90.5%) harboured P. gingivalis. Genotypes II and IV were detected in 28% and 69.6% of sites, respectively. The proportions of genotypes II and IV in relation to P. gingivalis levels were similar in shallow, intermediate and deep probing sites (2.4%, 4.6%, 1.4% for genotype II and 15.5%, 17.7%, 11.7% for genotype IV, respectively), indicating that other non-tested genotypes were more abundant. Increased levels of genotype IV were associated with increasing probing depth, but not of genotype II. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggested an association between P. gingivalis genotype fimA IV and disease severity in smoker-chronic periodontitis subjects.
Assuntos
Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Proteínas de Fímbrias/genética , Pili Sexual/genética , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Fumar , Adulto , Periodontite Crônica/classificação , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Genótipo , Hemorragia Gengival/classificação , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/classificação , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/classificação , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of strict supragingival plaque control on the subgingival microbiota in smokers and never-smokers. Research into the impact of supragingival plaque control on the number of subgingival bacteria has resulted in contradictory findings. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been suggested as a valid alternative to current microbiologic methods based on bacteria cultures. METHODS: Forty-five subjects with chronic periodontitis were selected. Twenty-four of them had never smoked, and 21 were active smokers. Four sites per patient were selected for sampling. Supragingival debridement was performed at baseline, and the subjects received weekly instructions on oral hygiene for 180 days. A clinical examination and subgingival plaque sampling were carried out at baseline and at 30, 90, and 180 days. A real-time PCR assay was used to detect and quantify Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra (previously Peptostreptococcus micros or Micromonas micros), Dialister pneumosintes, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), and the total bacteria load (eubacteria) in the subgingival samples. Statistical analysis was performed using linear models adjusted for the clustering of observations within individuals. RESULTS: Smokers and never-smokers exhibited a similar and significant reduction in total bacteria counts over time. Irrespective of smoking status, deep sites consistently harbored greater quantities of total bacteria throughout the study. Higher numbers of the bacteria investigated were associated with bleeding on probing. CONCLUSION: Supragingival plaque control markedly reduced subgingival microbiota counts in smokers and never-smokers.
Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Gengiva/microbiologia , Fumar , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Raspagem Dentária , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Bacilos Gram-Negativos Anaeróbios Retos, Helicoidais e Curvos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sondas de Oligonucleotídeos , Higiene Bucal , Peptostreptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the microbial composition of supra- and subgingival biofilm in subjects with and without peri-implantitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-four subjects (mean age 48.9 +/- 13.51 years) with at least one implant restored and functional for at least 2 years were assigned to two groups: a peri-implantitis group (n=22), consisting of subjects presenting peri-implant sites with radiographic defects >3 mm, bleeding on probing and/or suppuration; and a control group (n=22), consisting of subjects with healthy implants. The clinical parameters evaluated were plaque index, gingival bleeding, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depth and clinical attachment level. Supra- and subgingival biofilm samples were taken from the deepest sites of each implant and analyzed for the presence of 36 microorganisms by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS: Higher mean counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia were observed in the peri-implantitis group, both supra- and subgingivally (P<0.05). The proportions of the pathogens from the red complex were elevated, while host-compatible beneficial microbial complexes were reduced in diseased compared with healthy implants. The microbiological profiles of supra- and subgingival environments did not differ substantially within each group. CONCLUSION: Marked differences were observed in the composition of supra- and subgingival biofilm between healthy and diseased implants. The microbiota associated with peri-implantitis was comprised of more periodontal pathogenic bacterial species, including the supragingival biofilm.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Implantes Dentários/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/classificação , Periodontite/microbiologia , Actinomyces/isolamento & purificação , Perda do Osso Alveolar/microbiologia , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Gengiva , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Curetagem Subgengival , Supuração , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
AIM: To clinically, microbiologically and immunologically characterize periodontal debridement as a therapeutic approach for severe chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients presenting at least eight teeth with a probing pocket depth (PPD) of >or=5 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) were selected and randomly assigned to quadrant-wise scaling and root planing or one session of full-mouth periodontal debridement. The following clinical outcomes were assessed: plaque index, BOP, position of gingival margin, relative attachment level (RAL) and PPD. Real-time PCR was used for quantitative analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay permitted the detection of IL-1beta, prostaglandin E(2), INF-gamma and IL-10 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). All the parameters were evaluated at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: Both the groups had similar means of PPD reduction and attachment gain over time. Besides a significant reduction in the bacterial level after treatment in both groups, microbiological analysis failed to demonstrate significant differences between them. Finally, no difference was observed between groups with respect to the levels of inflammatory mediators in GCF. CONCLUSION: Periodontal debridement resulted in a similar clinical, microbiological and immunological outcome when compared with standard scaling and root planing and therefore may be a viable approach to deal with severe chronic periodontitis.
Assuntos
Periodontite Crônica/terapia , Raspagem Dentária/métodos , Terapia por Ultrassom/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Periodontite Crônica/imunologia , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Índice de Placa Dentária , Raspagem Dentária/instrumentação , Dinoprostona/análise , Feminino , Seguimentos , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/imunologia , Hemorragia Gengival/imunologia , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Hemorragia Gengival/terapia , Retração Gengival/imunologia , Retração Gengival/microbiologia , Retração Gengival/terapia , Humanos , Interferon gama/análise , Interleucina-10/análise , Interleucina-1beta/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/imunologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/terapia , Bolsa Periodontal/imunologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Aplainamento Radicular/métodos , Método Simples-Cego , Resultado do Tratamento , Terapia por Ultrassom/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Periodontitis is an inflammatory oral disease caused by multifactorial intrinsic and extrinsic agents, including Gram-negative bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if there is difference in the serum levels of IgA, IgG and IgG subclasses reactive to Porphyromonas gingivalis in subjects with different periodontal conditions. METHODS: The study included 89 patients divided into four groups: 29 subjects with moderate or severe chronic periodontitis (CP), 12 with aggressive periodontitis (AP), 22 with gingivitis or mild periodontitis (GP), and 26 healthy controls (HC). Humoral response was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to verify serum levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and IgA serum levels reacting to crude P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 sonicate extract and fraction IV, an enrichment of the immunoreactive bands of the crude extract obtained by chromatography. RESULTS: IgA, IgG (p < 0.01), IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 serum level reactions to fraction IV were higher in the CP group compared with the healthy control. The CP group had higher levels of IgG and IgG4 to both antigens than the GP group, and higher levels of IgG and IgG4 to sonicate extract than the AP group. There were statistically significant differences in serum levels of IgG to both antigens (p < 0.01), IgG2 to fraction IV (p < 0.01), IgG3 to fraction IV (p < 0.05) and IgG4 to both antigens (p < 0.05) between AP and HC groups. IgG1 titers to sonicate extract were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the GP group in comparison to the AP group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that there are differences in the serum levels of IgA, IgG and IgG subclasses in patients with different periodontal conditions.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Infecções por Bacteroidaceae/imunologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/imunologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Western Blotting , Cromatografia , Doença Crônica , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Feminino , Hemorragia Gengival/imunologia , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Gengivite/imunologia , Gengivite/microbiologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/classificação , Masculino , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/imunologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/imunologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodontite/imunologia , Frações Subcelulares/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori has been associated with the development of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Although the oral cavity may be a source of transmission, it is unknown whether it acts as a permanent reservoir for this bacterium, particularly in the presence of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the subgingival biofilm and saliva of subjects with periodontitis. METHODS: Samples were obtained from 56 periodontally healthy subjects and 169 subjects with chronic periodontitis. DNA was extracted from the samples, and the detection of H. pylori was carried out by PCR using the JW22/23 primers. RESULTS: In general, H. pylori was detected in 24% of all samples evaluated. A significantly higher prevalence of H. pylori was observed in subgingival biofilm samples (33.3%) compared to saliva samples (20%) (P <0.05). H. pylori was detected significantly more often in the saliva and subgingival samples from subjects with periodontitis (23.5% and 50%, respectively) compared to samples from periodontally healthy subjects (7.3% and 11.4%, respectively; P <0.05). CONCLUSION: H. pylori was detected frequently in the oral microbiota of subjects with periodontitis, suggesting that periodontal pocketing and inflammation may favor the colonization by this species.