RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in cerebral oxygenation, peripheral arterial oxygenation, respiratory status, and administered fraction of inspired oxygen during the first 10 minutes of life in premature infants receiving umbilical cord milking compared with delayed cord clamping (DCC). STUDY DESIGN: Premature infants born at 230/7 to 276/7 weeks of gestation were randomized to umbilical cord milking or DCC. A near infrared spectroscopy sensor, pulse oximeter, and electrocardiogram electrodes were placed. Pulse rate, cerebral tissue oxygenation, peripheral oxygen saturation, airway pressure, and fraction of inspired oxygen were collected for 10 minutes in the delivery room. Longitudinal models were used to compare effects of umbilical cord milking and DCC. RESULTS: Fifty-six infants had cerebral oximetry and advanced monitoring at birth. There was an increased incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage in infants who received umbilical cord milking compared with DCC (P = .0211). Longitudinal models suggested that peripheral oxygen saturation was higher in the umbilical cord milking group in the first 4 minutes (P = .0221) and that mean airway pressures were lower in the umbilical cord milking group after the first 7 minutes (P = .0072). No statistical differences were observed for fraction of inspired oxygen, cerebral tissue oxygenation, or heart rates. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that the rapid transfer of blood during umbilical cord milking may facilitate lung expansion with improved pulmonary blood flow, but may also increase cerebral blood flow, resulting in severe intraventricular hemorrhage. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03145142.
Assuntos
Circulação Cerebrovascular , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Pulmão/irrigação sanguínea , Cordão Umbilical/irrigação sanguínea , Adulto , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/etiologia , Parto Obstétrico/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente Extremamente Prematuro , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is the rupture of multiple axons due to acceleration and deceleration forces during a closed head injury. Most traumatic brain injuries (TBI) have some degree of DAI, especially severe TBI. Computed tomography (CT) remains the first imaging test performed in the acute phase of TBI, but has low sensitivity for detecting DAI, since DAI is a cellular lesion. The aim of this study is to search in the literature for CT signs, in the first 24 h after TBI, that may help to differentiate patients in groups with a better versus worst prognosis. METHODS: We searched for primary scientific articles in the PubMed database, in English, indexed since January 1st, 2000. RESULTS: Five articles were selected for review. In the DAI group, traffic accidents accounted 70% of the cases, 79% were male, and the mean age was 41 years. There was an association between DAI and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH); an association between the IVH grade and number of corpus callosum lesions; and an association between blood in the interpeduncular cisterns (IPC) and brainstem lesions. CONCLUSION: In closed TBI with no tSAH, severe DAI is unlikely. Similarly, in the absence of IVH, any DAI is unlikely. If there is IVH, patients generally are clinically worse; and the more ventricles affected, the worse the prognosis.
Assuntos
Lesão Axonal Difusa/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesão Axonal Difusa/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Acidentes de Trânsito , Tronco Encefálico/lesões , Hemorragia Cerebral Traumática/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Cerebral Traumática/etiologia , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/etiologia , Corpo Caloso/lesões , Humanos , Prognóstico , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/etiologiaRESUMO
Intracranial aneurysm rupture causes subarachnoid hemorrhage in 80% of the cases, and it may be associated with intracerebral hemorrhage and/or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in 34% and 17% of the patients, respectively. However, on rare occasions, aneurysm rupturemay be present causing isolate intracerebral hemorrhage or IVH without subarachnoid hemorrhage. We describe an unusual case of an anterior communicating aneurysm rupture presented with IVH, without subarachnoid hemorrhage. Although isolated IVH is rare, aneurysm rupture is a possible condition. Patients presenting with head computed tomography revealing IVH without subarachnoid hemorrhage should be promptly investigated with contrasted image exam to identify and treat possible causes, even in the absence of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Ruptura Aórtica/complicações , Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/etiologia , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/diagnóstico por imagem , Ruptura Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/epidemiologia , Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for severe neurologic injury (intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or greater and/or periventricular leukomalacia) diagnosed by ultrasound scan of the head among infants born at 300-326 weeks of gestation and compare different screening strategies. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of infants born at 300-326 weeks or >326 weeks of gestation with a birth weight <1500 g admitted to neonatal intensive care units in the Canadian Neonatal Network from 2011 to 2016. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant risk factors and calculate aORs and 95% CIs. Risk factor-based screening strategies were compared. RESULTS: The rate of severe neurologic injury was 3.1% among infants screened (285/9221). Significant risk factors included singleton birth (aOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.35-2.85), 5-minute Apgar <7 (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.30-2.50), mechanical ventilation on day 1 (aOR 2.65, 95% CI 1.88-3.71), and treatment with vasopressors on day 1 (aOR 3.23, 95% CI 2.19-4.75). Risk categories were low (no risk factor, 1.2%, 25/2137), moderate (singleton with no other risk factor: 1.8%, 68/3678), and high (≥1 risk factor among 5-minute Apgar <7, receipt of vasopressors or mechanical ventilation on day 1: 5.6%, 192/3408). Screening moderate- to high-risk infants identified 91% (260/285) of infants with severe neurologic injury and would require screening fewer infants (1647 infants per year) than screening all infants <33 weeks of gestation (2064 infants screened per year, 93% [265/285] of cases identified). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factor-based ultrasound scan of the head screening among infants born at 30-32 weeks of gestation could help optimize resources better than gestational age based screening.
Assuntos
Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/etiologia , Regras de Decisão Clínica , Cabeça/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Prematuro/etiologia , Leucomalácia Periventricular/etiologia , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomada de Decisão Clínica/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Prematuro/diagnóstico por imagem , Leucomalácia Periventricular/diagnóstico por imagem , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lumbar puncture (LP) is the gold standard for diagnosing meningitis; however it is unknown whether early LP (≤3days of life) is associated with increased risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether early LP in VLBW infants is associated with severe IVH. METHODS: VLBW infants from a cohort of 1,158,789 infants discharged from 382 neonatal intensive care units (1997-2015) were enrolled. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: infants with major congenital anomalies, outborns, died/transferred prior to day of life 3, and those who had an LP performed only after day of life 3. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between early LP and the incidence of severe IVH (IVH grades 3/4) by 28days of life for each day of life from day 0 (birth) to day 3, adjusting for clinical covariates. RESULTS: 106,461 infants were included: 754 received an LP on Day-0, 640 on Day-1, 559 on Day-2 and 483 on Day-3. Severe IVH occurred in 4% (4130/104,025) of the infants in the no LP group and 9% (217/2436) of the LP group. Severe IVH was higher for infants with early LP: adjusted OR (95% confidence interval)=2.64 (1.96-3.54) on Day-0; 2.21 (1.61-3.04) on Day-1; 1.55 (1.03-2.34) on Day-2; and 2.25 (1.50-3.38) on Day-3. CONCLUSIONS: Early LP was associated with severe IVH in VLBW infants by 28days of life. LP is either a surrogate for an unrecognized factor or is itself associated with an increased risk of IVH.
Assuntos
Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Punção Espinal/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Punção Espinal/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dural arteriovenous fistulas are anomalous shunts between dural arterial and venous channels whose nidus is located between the dural leaflets. For those circumstances when invasive treatment is mandatory, endovascular techniques have grown to become the mainstay of practice, choice attributable to their reported safety and effectiveness. We describe the unique and rare case of a dural arteriovenous fistula treated by transarterial embolization and complicated by an intraventricular hemorrhage. We aim to emphasize some central aspects of the perioperative management of these patients in order to help improving the future approach of similar cases. CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old woman with a previously diagnosed Cognard Type IV dural arteriovenous fistula presented for transarterial embolization, performed outside the operating room, under total intravenous anesthesia. The procedure underwent without complications and the intraoperative angiography revealed complete obliteration of the fistula. In the early postoperative period, the patient presented with clinical signs of raised intracranial pressure attributable to a later diagnosed intraventricular hemorrhage, which conditioned placement of a ventricular drain, admission to an intensive care unit, cerebral vasospasm and a prolonged hospital stay. Throughout the perioperative period, there were no changes in the cerebral brain oximetry. The patient was discharged without neurological sequelae. CONCLUSION: Intraventricular hemorrhage may be a serious complication after the endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous fistula. A close postoperative surveillance and monitoring allow an early diagnosis and treatment which increases the odds for an improved outcome.