RESUMO
The evaluation of hematological and plasma biochemical parameters and the subsequent establishment of reference intervals facilitate the diagnosis of the health status of animals. This work aimed to determine the blood parameters of wild specimens of the stingrays Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon orbignyi from the lower Solimões River region, Amazonas, Brazil. One hundred forty-one stingrays were captured, 92 specimens of P. motoro and 49 of P. orbignyi, of both sexes and at different stages of development. No effect of sex was observed on the blood parameters of juvenile animals for both species. P. motoro neonates presented a distinct hematological and biochemical profile, with significantly lower hematocrit values, hemoglobina, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, monocytes, plasma glucose, total proteins, albumin, and globulin. On the other hand, total cholesterol and urea levels were significantly higher in this same group compared to juveniles of the same species. Comparison between species revealed lower values of triglycerides and total cholesterol in P. orbignyi of both sexes. The results obtained are pioneering for these Amazonian species in white water environments and will serve as a basis for evaluating the health status of wild stingrays. Thus, from the analysis of the blood of the P. motoro and P. orbignyi stingrays, it was possible to observe good health conditions.
Assuntos
Rajidae , Animais , Rajidae/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Brasil , Hematócrito/veterinária , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Valores de Referência , Especificidade da Espécie , Testes Hematológicos/veterináriaRESUMO
This study evaluated the effect of different supportive treatments on PCV replacement of dairy calves naturally infected with tick fever (TF) agents, and treated with diminazene and enrofloxacin. Five products were tested as supportive treatments in four experiments. In these experiments, we used Girolando female calves (Gyr × Holstein, genetic ratio of 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein) four to six months old, raised in pasture, naturally infected with TF agents, and infested with R. microplus. Supportive treatment was administered once on day 0 of the study concurrently with specific treatment targeting TF agents. The animals were observed on days 0, 3, and 7. Oral or intravenous administration of a vitamin complex and mineral salts enhanced the increase in PCV and biochemical analytes present in the serum of calves naturally infected with TF agents. No positive effect on PCV values was observed with the administration of (1) invigorating tonic: calcium, casein-peptides and vitamin B12, (2) iron-based stimulant tonic and (3) metabolic tonic: vitamin A, vitamin D, and a fraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Supplementation by injection with Type III iron resulted in increased hemoglobin and PCV in treated animals. However, these results did not occur with iron citrate. Therefore, more studies with Type III iron need to be performed. Supportive treatment conferred no advantage in animals with no history of reduced PCV.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Bovinos/terapia , Hematócrito/veterinária , Diminazena/análogos & derivados , Diminazena/uso terapêutico , Diminazena/farmacologia , Enrofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Enrofloxacina/administração & dosagem , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Infestações por Carrapato/tratamento farmacológico , RhipicephalusRESUMO
The pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) is a fast-growing Amazonian species of high commercial value. The present study aimed to determine the dietary crude protein (CP) level to promote maximum zootechnical performance for pirarucu fingerlings and as their resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila, as well as evaluate their hematological parameters. Pirarucu fingerlings (2.4 ± 0.08 g, 6.8 ± 0.52 cm) were distributed in 18 tanks (140 L, 40 fish per tank, n = 3) and fed six experimental diets consisting of increasing levels of CP: 300, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 650 g kg-1 in a completely randomized design. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) and the ideal CP level for weight gain was determined using polynomial regression analysis. The dietary CP levels were evaluated using a quadratic polynomial regression and the level of 595 g kg-1 was determined for the best weight gain. The hematocrit of fish fed 300 g kg-1 was higher than in the other groups. No mortalities were observed after the 15-day bacterial challenge; however, number of pirarucu with bacterial damage on the pirarucu caudal fin was higher in the group that was fed the diet with 300 g kg-1. A dietary protein level of 618 g kg-1 is therefore recommended for providing maximum weight gain and immunological resistance in pirarucu fingerlings weighing 2.4-112.5 g.
Assuntos
Aeromonas hydrophila , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Animais , Aeromonas hydrophila/fisiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Proteínas Alimentares , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Peixes/fisiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Hematócrito/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Packed cell volume (PCV) is important for assessing a patient's health status. Some blood gas analyzers measure hematocrit, and the agreement with PCV varies among different analyzers. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the agreement between PCV measured by microcentrifugation and hematocrit measured by the Cobas b121 blood gas analyzer in dogs, cats, and horses. METHODS: Whole blood samples for PCV and blood gas analysis were collected in lithium-heparin syringes and analyzed within 10 min of collection. Agreement and association between the PCV and Cobas b121 generated hematocrit were assessed by the Bland-Altman method, Pearson's correlation, Deming regression analysis, and paired t tests. A total allowable error of 10% was used for the analysis. RESULTS: This study included 45 dogs, 45 cats, and 33 horses. The respective mean ± SD (minimum-maximum) of PCVs and hematocrits were: dogs, 34.9 ± 9.9% (9.0-55.0) and 32.5 ± 8.8% (10.4-50.6); cats, 29.0 ± 9.6% (11.0-51.0) and 26.9 ± 9.3% (10.2-50.9); horses, 34.2 ± 6.5% (24.0-47.0) and 34.1 ± 6.0% (22.5-46.1). There were no significant differences between the methods. The bias ± SD was: dogs, -2.4 ± 2.6%; cats, -2.2 ± 2.3%; horses, -0.1 ± 2.4%. Pearson's correlation coefficients were > 0.90 for all species (P < 0.0001). In 60%, 49%, and 85% of the samples for dogs, cats, and horses, respectively, the percentage differences between the methods were within 10%. CONCLUSIONS: The Cobas b121 blood gas analyzer provided accurate estimates of PCVs in horses. However, in dogs and cats, there was a large frequency of unacceptable differences between the methods.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Doenças dos Cavalos , Gatos , Cães , Cavalos , Animais , Hematócrito/veterinária , Gasometria/veterináriaRESUMO
Association between ovine ß-globin polymorphisms and resistance against haemonchosis was described and related to the mechanism of high oxygen affinity ßA â ßC switch during anaemia, but there are no studies regarding the involved local host responses. Phenotypic parameters and local responses were evaluated in sheep from two ß-globin haplotypes naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Morada Nova lambs were monitored at 63, 84 and 105 days of age for faecal egg counts and packed cell volume (PCV) under natural infection with H. contortus. At 210 days of age, lambs of Hb-AA and Hb-BB ß-globin haplotypes were euthanised, and the fundic region of abomasum was sampled for evaluation of microscopic lesions and relative expression of genes related to immune, mucin and lectin activities. Lambs harbouring the ßA allele presented an improved resistance/resilience against clinical haemonchosis, showing higher PCV during infection. Hb-AA animals presented increased eosinophilia in the abomasum compared to Hb-BB animals, accompanied by higher Th2 profile, mucin and lectin activity transcripts, while the inflammatory response was increased in Hb-BB animals. This is the first report to demonstrate an enhanced local response in the primary site of H. contortus infection related to ßA allele of ß-globin haplotype.
Assuntos
Hemoncose , Haemonchus , Doenças dos Ovinos , Animais , Ovinos , Haemonchus/genética , Hematócrito/veterinária , Mucinas/genética , Lectinas , Fezes , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterináriaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine some factors that influence the haematological values of cattle reared in the humid and subhumid tropics of Mexico. Whole blood samples were taken from 1355 crossbred cattle in the years 2017 to 2019. Haematocrit (HTC, %), total plasma protein (TPP, g/dL) and peripheral eosinophils count (PEOS, × 103/µL) were determined manually, and the main haematological variables were recorded with an automatic analyser. The statistical analysis considered as classification variables age, sex, season (cold, dry and rainy), year (2017, 2018 and 2019) and origin of the cattle. The mean of the haematological parameters was determined along with the confidence limits (CL) of the different categories of animals according to age. Calves younger than 1-year-old presented higher levels of HTC, red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet number (PLT), white blood cell count (WBC) and lymphocyte count (LYMF) than animals older than 2 years of age. However, they showed the lowest mean cell volume (MCV) and TPP values. In cows, the highest levels of PEOS, granulocytes (GRAN), MCV and medium cells (MID) were observed and the lowest HTC, RBC, RDW and WBC levels. Intervals were determined with the 1st quartile (Q1) or lower confidence interval (90% CI) as the minimum values and the 3rd quartile (Q3) or upper confidence interval (90% CI) as the maximum values. The haematological parameters of cattle reared in the Southeast of Mexico are significantly affected by age, sex and environmental conditions.
Assuntos
Índices de Eritrócitos , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , México , Índices de Eritrócitos/veterinária , Contagem de Eritrócitos/veterinária , Hematócrito/veterinária , Contagem de Leucócitos/veterinária , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Haemonchus contortus is the most prevalent and important gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) in small ruminants. Since it reduces the packed cell volume (PCV), causing anemia, early diagnosis can be used for targeted selective treatment (TST) of sheep, reducing antiparasitic drug use and anthelmintic resistance. This study aimed to predict PCV values through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and to develop a classification and diagnosis model of H. contortus infection using PCV values, eggs per gram of feces (EPG) counts and mean daily weight gain (DWG). A total of 1728 spectra were collected from blood samples of 216 lambs with a portable NIR spectroscope. In parallel, other parameters indicative of infection were measured: PCV by hematocrit, FAffa MAlan CHArt (FAMACHA) scores, EPG and DWG. To evaluate the relationship between NIRS spectra and the evaluated parameters, principal component analysis (PCA) was used for an exploratory analysis, regression by the partial least squares method (PLS) for the prediction of PCV values via NIRS, and PCA linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) as a classification model for diagnosis. The absorption peaks in the NIRS region associated with the excitation of overtones of nitrogen-hydrogen (N-H) functional groups of proteins had a strong impact on the principal components (PCs), indicating that blood proteins, especially hemoglobin, can be estimated by the NIRS technique. The model for predicting PCV by PLS presented a standard error of prediction of 2.53, root-mean-square error of 2.48, and coefficient of determination of 0.84, indicating good correlation between the PCV values predicted by the model and the PCV obtained by hematocrit. The PCA-LDA model presented 93.33% sensitivity and 82.18% accuracy, both higher than those of the FAMACHA method, as was expected for resilient Morada Nova lambs. The multivariate models associated with the NIRS technique reported here can be used in the future as a quick and versatile tool for H. contortus infection diagnosis and TST application in lambs.
Assuntos
Anemia , Hemoncose , Haemonchus , Nematoides , Doenças dos Ovinos , Ovinos , Animais , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho , Hematócrito/veterinária , Anemia/diagnóstico , Anemia/parasitologia , Anemia/veterinária , Aumento de Peso , Fezes/parasitologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Hemoncose/diagnóstico , Hemoncose/tratamento farmacológico , Hemoncose/veterinária , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterináriaRESUMO
The present work investigated the presence of Trypanosoma vivax in semen and reproductive tissues of experimentally infected cattle and evaluated changes in seminal parameters. Two groups of cattle were established: T01 - experimentally infected with T. vivax (n = 8) and T02 - not experimentally infected with T. vivax (n = 8). After infection, blood (every seven days until 182 days post-infection - DPI), semen (7, 14, 35, 56, 70, 120 and 182 DPI) and reproductive tissue (after euthanasia, 182 DPI) were collected to search for T. vivax using different techniques, including PCR, Woo and Brener. Seminal parameters, including turbulence, motility, concentration, and vigor, were also analyzed. Packed cell volume (PCV) of the animals was determined weekly and weight gain was calculated. The PCR revealed T. vivax DNA in 7/56 semen samples of post-infection T01 cattle. Trypanosoma vivax DNA was detected in the semen of 5/8 animals at 7, 14, 56, 70 and 120 DPI, in the testis of four, and in the epididymis and fat located around the testis of two others. Trypomastigote forms of T. vivax were not found in any semen sample. Sperm of T01 cattle had lower turbulence (p ≤ 0.05) at 7, 14, 35, 56, 120 and 182 DPI, lower vigor (p ≤ 0.05) at 120 DPI and more sperm abnormalities (p ≤ 0.05) than T02. Digital dermatitis was observed among T01 cattle. Animals of T01 had lower PCV values than did those of T02 for most of the evaluations performed and T02 animals gained more weight during the experiment. The results highlight the presence of T. vivax DNA in semen of infected cattle and the importance of this disease for male breeding cattle. Further research is needed to determine whether T. vivax can be sexually transmitted in cattle.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Tripanossomíase Africana , Animais , Bovinos , DNA , Hematócrito/veterinária , Masculino , Sêmen , Espermatozoides , Trypanosoma vivax/genética , Tripanossomíase Africana/veterináriaRESUMO
The study was devised with the aim to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) in beetal goats being reared under pastoralism. It also aims to devise a hematological formula for estimation of Hb from PCV. Female (n=59) and male goats (n=41) were bled for PCV determination through microhematocrit method, and Hb estimation through Sahli's hemoglobinometer (HbD) as well as through calculation being 1/3rd of PCV (HbC). The HbD and HbC were statistically non-significant (P≥0.05) for male and female beetal goats. Overall, significantly (P≤0.01) positive correlation coefficient was noticed between HbD and PCV, and between HbD and HbC (r=0.75; adjusted r-square=0.57). As the overall model predicted that 57% variability in HbD could be deduced from PCV, hence, in order to enhance the prediction probability, the regression equation i.e. Hb concentration= 0.24(PCV) +1.5 was utilized to deduce corrected hemoglobin (CHb). The comparison of this CHb with HbD gave a non-significant (P≤0.05) difference. Similarly, linear regression of CHb with PCV gave a 99% prediction. We accordingly recommend a simplified pen-side hematological formula for deducing Hb concentration from PCV viz. Hb concentration= 0.24(PCV) +1.5 for beetal goats instead of its calculation as one-third of PCV.
O estudo foi elaborado com o objetivo de avaliar a relação entre a concentração de hemoglobina (Hb) e o volume de células embaladas (PCV) em caprinos beetal em pastoreio. O objetivo também é elaborar uma fórmula hematológica para a estimativa da hemoglobina de PCV. Cabras fêmeas (n=59) e machos (n=41) foram sangrados para determinação da PCV através do método do microhematócrito, e a estimativa de Hb através do hemoglobinômetro Sahli (HbD), bem como através do cálculo sendo 1/3 do PCV (HbC). O HbD e HbC foram estatisticamente não significativos (P≥0.05) para caprinos machos e fêmeas beetal. De modo geral, foi observado um coeficiente de correlação positiva (P≤0.01) entre HbD e PCV, e entre HbD e HbC (r=0,75; r-quadrado ajustado=0,57). Como o modelo geral previa que 57% de variabilidade em HbD poderia ser deduzida do PCV, portanto, para aumentar a probabilidade de predição, a equação de regressão i.e. concentração de Hb= 0,24(PCV) +1,5 foi utilizada para deduzir a hemoglobina corrigida (CHb). A comparação desta CHb com HbD deu uma diferença não significativa (P≤0.05). Da mesma forma, a regressão linear de CHb com PCV deu uma previsão de 99%. Assim, recomendamos uma fórmula hematológica simplificada do lado da caneta para deduzir a concentração de Hb do PCV, ou seja, concentração de Hb= 0,24(PCV) +1,5 para cabras beetal em vez de seu cálculo como um terço do PCV.
Assuntos
Animais , Hemoglobinas/análise , Cabras/sangue , Hematócrito/veterinária , Hematologia/métodosRESUMO
Abstract This study evaluated the economic impact of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in Morada Nova lambs under different parasite chemical control conditions. For this, 246 lambs, in the rainy and dry season, were randomized into groups according to their anthelmintic treatment with levamisole: control (CT: no treatment); routine treatment (RT: treated every 42 days); and targeted selective treatment (TST: treated according to the average daily weight gain, DWG). From 63 days of age (D63) to D210, the lambs were weighed and monitored for GIN infection parameters. Spending on anthelmintics in the production system was 1.3% of the total economic result. The economic result per animal (R$ 5.00 = US$ 1.00) was higher in the RT group, amounting to US$ 6.60 in the rainy and US$ 5.69 in the dry season, due to higher DWG. Thus, RT presented economic results 14.4% and 10.9% higher than CT, and 7.2% and 1.9% higher than TST, in the rainy and dry season, respectively. However, fast development of resistance made RT unfeasible. Here, the economic impact of GIN infection on a national scale is discussed, demonstrating its importance and the impossibility of profitable and sustainable sheep production without adequate control.
Resumo Este estudo avaliou o impacto econômico da infecção por nematoides gastrintestinais (NGI), em cordeiros Morada Nova, sob diferentes condições de controle químico dos parasitas. Para isso, 246 cordeiros, na estação chuvosa e seca, foram randomizados em grupos de acordo com o tratamento com levamisol: controle (TC: sem tratamento); tratamento rotineiro (TR: tratado a cada 42 dias); e tratamento seletivo direcionado (TST: tratado de acordo com o ganho de peso médio diário, GMD). Dos 63 dias de idade (D63) ao D210, os cordeiros foram pesados e monitorados quanto aos parâmetros de infecção por NGI. O gasto com anti-helmínticos no sistema produtivo foi de 1,3% do resultado econômico total. O resultado econômico por animal (R$ 5,00 = US$ 1,00) foi maior no grupo RT, totalizando US$ 6,60 na estação chuvosa e US$ 5,69 na seca, devido ao maior GMD. Assim, o RT apresentou resultados econômicos 14,4% e 10,9% superiores ao TC, e 7,2% e 1,9% superiores ao TST, no período chuvoso e seco, respectivamente. Entretanto o rápido desenvolvimento de resistência inviabiliza o TR. O impacto econômico da infecção por NGI em escala nacional são aqui discutidos, demonstrando sua importância e a impossibilidade de uma ovinocultura lucrativa e sustentável sem o controle adequado.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças dos Ovinos/economia , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Helmintíase Animal/economia , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Vitamina B 12/administração & dosagem , Brasil , Ovinos/parasitologia , Redução de Peso , Levamisol/administração & dosagem , Fezes/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Helmintíase Animal/tratamento farmacológico , Hematócrito/veterinária , Injeções/veterinária , Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Nematoides/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A point-of-care device that can provide immediate and reliable hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and packed cell volumes (PCVs) would be useful in veterinary medicine. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the use of a human device (Mission Plus; MP) with a gold standard (GS) method for measuring Hb concentrations and PCVs in cattle blood. METHODS: Blood samples from clinically healthy cattle (n = 122) were collected with or without an anticoagulant (K2 EDTA). The GS and MP methods were compared with correlation coefficients. Passing-Bablok regression analyses were also performed, and the acceptability judgment was completed using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: The CVmax for Hb values obtained using the GS method, the MP device without K2 EDTA, and the MP device with K2 EDTA were approximately 2.70%, 1.70%, and 2.0%, respectively, whereas the CVmax for PCVs was 0.90%, 1.83%, and 2.05%, respectively. A positive correlation (97.5% confidence interval) was observed between the Hb concentrations and PCV values detected using the MP and GS techniques in blood with and without K2 EDTA. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement between the MP and GS methods. For Hb using blood collected with or without the addition of K2 EDTA, the mean differences were -0.87 g/dL (95% CI: 1.35; -3.96) and 0.08 g/dL (95% CI: 2.16, -1.99), respectively. For PCVs using blood collected with or without the addition of K2 EDTA, the mean differences were -3.75% (95% CI: 0.61. -8.12) and -0.88% (95% CI: 2.86, -4.62), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The MP device can be used to analyze Hb concentrations and PCVs in bovine blood to assist in field diagnoses.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Animais , Bovinos , Tamanho Celular , Hematócrito/veterinária , Hemoglobinas/análiseRESUMO
The Nelore breed is the second largest bovine breed in the world and has actively participated in the expansion of new Brazilian agricultural frontiers. In this context, the purpose of this study was to determine the hematological and biochemical reference intervals of healthy Nelore matrices raised under an extensive regime without supplementation along southwest of Piauí state. Blood samples were collected from fifty-five multiparous female of the Nelore breed. Biochemical and hematological parameters were analyzed using a parametric statistical method with 95% CI of reference limits. The average values of red blood cells, hemoglobin as well as hematimetric indices showed reference ranges similar to reference standards. The hematocrit as well as granulocytes and agranulocytes presented alterations typical of animals raised in environments with higher temperatures. Mineral, enzymatic, protein and metabolic profiles were similar to other bovine breeds but with a narrower range of values. However, lower mean values were observed for levels of ionized calcium, total protein and urea. Nelore females present slightly different biochemical and hematological profiles from other breeds, which might result from the environmental and nutritional management applied and the natural deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium in the region's pastures.(AU)
Nelore é a segunda maior raça bovina do mundo e tem participado ativamente da expansão das novas fronteiras agrícolas brasileiras. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar os intervalos de referência hematológicos e bioquímicos de matrizes Nelore criadas em regime extensivo sem suplementação, ao longo do sudoeste do estado do Piauí. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 55 fêmeas multíparas da raça Nelore. Os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos foram analisados por método estatístico paramétrico com IC 95% para os limites de referência. Os valores médios de hemácias, hemoglobina e índices hematimétricos apresentaram intervalos de referência semelhantes aos padrões de referência. Tanto o hematócrito quanto os granulócitos e os agranulócitos apresentaram alterações típicas de animais criados em ambientes com temperaturas mais elevadas. Os perfis mineral, enzimático, proteico e metabólico foram semelhantes aos de outras raças bovinas, mas com uma faixa de valores mais estreita. No entanto, valores médios mais baixos foram observados para os níveis de cálcio ionizado, proteína total e ureia. Fêmeas Nelore apresentam perfis bioquímicos e hematológicos ligeiramente diferentes de outras raças, o que pode resultar dos manejos ambiental e nutricional aplicados e da deficiência natural de nitrogênio, fósforo e cálcio nas pastagens da região.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterinária , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Cálcio/sangue , Granulócitos , Hematócrito/veterinária , Valores de Referência , Brasil , Soro , Agranulocitose/veterináriaRESUMO
The current preventive treatment for iron deficiency in pigs is inefficient, resulting in a high prevalence of iron-deficient or anemic postweaned pigs. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize edible toys (ETs) to be used as oral iron supplements, and to assess their effect on feeding behavior and iron status of postweaned pigs. Three types of ETs, varying in sweetness, were produced by ionic gelation, using whey, sodium alginate, ferrous sulfate and atomized bovine erythrocytes. ET control (ETC) was developed without sweetener, ET1 contained 15% w/v sucrose and ET2 contained 0.03% w/v of Sucram (98% sodium saccharin, 1% neosperidine dihydrocalcone and 1% maltol). ETs were mainly composed of carbohydrates and protein, with a similar concentration of iron (2.2-2.7 mg/g). The ETs were offered to 24 postweaned pigs to measure acceptability and preference. The animals preferred ETC and ET2 over ET1. To assess the nutritional benefit of the ETs, 24 postweaned pigs were distributed into three groups: ETC (without iron), ETC-Fe (ETC with iron) and ET2-Fe (with iron and Sucram). Iron-loaded ET (ETC-Fe and ET2-Fe) significantly increased the concentration of red blood cells (from 6.1 to 7.5·106 x mm3 for ETC-Fe and from 6.2 to 7.8 for ET2-Fe), hematocrit (from 32.8 to 37.9% for ETC-Fe and from 32.3 to 35.1 for ET2-Fe), serum iron (from 28.6 to 120.6 µmol/L for ETC-Fe and from 34.9 to 145.4 for ET2-Fe) and serum ferritin (from 7.8 to 18.5 µg/L for ETC-Fe and from 8.1 to 20.2 for ET2-Fe). In conclusion, the ETs developed in this study were accepted by the pigs and provided adequate iron to improve the iron status of postweaned pigs.
Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva , Doenças dos Bovinos , Doenças dos Suínos , Anemia Ferropriva/prevenção & controle , Anemia Ferropriva/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Comportamento Alimentar , Hematócrito/veterinária , Hemoglobinas/análise , Ferro , SuínosRESUMO
The blue iguana (Cyclura lewisi) is an endangered rock iguana species native to Grand Cayman, in the Cayman Islands. Health assessments were conducted on captive and free-roaming iguanas in 2001 and 2003-2014 and were performed in the summer wet season (June-July) of 2003-2004 and 2010-2014 and in the winter dry season (November-December) of 2001 and 2005-2009. Morphometric data were recorded from iguanas when blood samples were collected: 903 samples were collected and data from 890 samples from 775 iguanas were included. Samples were analyzed for hematology, plasma biochemistry, protein electrophoresis, mineral panels, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and testosterone. Reference intervals were created for captive subadults, captive adults, and free-roaming adults when data were sufficient. Significant differences among these groups were described, as were differences on the basis of sex, season, and origin (captive vs free-roaming). In captive iguanas, most analytes were significantly different between subadults and adults, mature heterophils and copper were significantly higher in the dry season, zinc levels were significantly higher in the wet season, and cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher in adult females than adult males. Testosterone in adult males was significantly higher in the dry season. These results will aid in future health assessments and disease investigations in wild and captive populations of blue iguanas and are of comparative value for other Cyclura species that are free-roaming, captive, and, especially, in similar conservation release programs.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/química , Eletroforese/veterinária , Contagem de Eritrócitos/veterinária , Hematócrito/veterinária , Iguanas/sangue , Contagem de Leucócitos/veterinária , Amilases/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Glicemia , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Cloretos/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Creatinina/sangue , Eletrólitos/sangue , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Minerais/sangue , Valores de Referência , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
Plasma levels of hematocrit, total plasma protein, fibrinogen, creatine phosphokinase, aspartate transferase, and lactate were analyzed in blood samples of 85 Crioula breed foals, from birth to two years of age. The animals were divided into age groups: G1 (up to 15 days of age; n=70), G2 (from 16 days to one month of age; n=67), G3 (between one and three months of age; n=75), G4 (between three and six months of age; n=64), G5 (between six and nine months of age; n=59), G6 (between nine and 18 months of age; n=39), and G7 (between 18 months and two years of age; n=17). These groups were statistically analyzed by one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Male and female means were compared by Student's t-test. Hematocrit levels were significantly higher up to 90 days of age and in G7 females. Total plasma proteins increased significantly in groups 3, 4, 6, and 7. The highest fibrinogen levels were found in G1. Yet for creatine phosphokinase, the highest concentrations were detected in G5, whereas those of aspartate aminotransferase in G7. The levels of this enzyme remained similar from 30 days to two years of age. Lactate concentrations were higher in G3. We concluded that the sex of the animal had no significant effect on laboratory test interpretations. By contrast, the age of the animal should be considered since relevant variations were observed with time. Nevertheless, specific tables for each analysis should be consulted for interpretation of results.
Com o propósito de estabelecer valores de hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais, fibrinogênio, creatina quinase , aspartato transferase e lactato em potros da raça Crioula, do nascimento até os dois anos, utilizaram-se amostras sanguíneas de 85 animais, divididos pela estratificação etária: Grupo 1 (G1) Até 15 dias de vida (n=70); grupo 2 (G2), entre 16 dias até um mês (n=67); grupo 3 (G3), entre 1 e 3 meses (n=75); grupo 4 (G4), entre 3 e 6 meses (n=64); grupo 5 (G5), entre 6 e 9 meses (n=59); grupo 6 (G6), entre 9 e 18 meses (n=39); e grupo 7 (G7), entre 18 meses até 2 anos (n=17). Foi realizado estudo estatístico entre os grupos pela análise de variância unidirecional (one-wayANOVA), complementada pelo teste de Tukey. Para comparação das médias entre os sexos utilizou-se o teste t de Student. O hematócrito foi significativamente mais elevado até os 90 dias e nas fêmeas do G7. Para proteínas plasmáticas totais, notou-se aumento significativo nos grupos 3, 4, 6 e 7. Os valores de fibrinogênio foram maiores no G1. A CK apresentou maior concentração no G5 e a AST no G7. A AST assumiu valores semelhantes dos 30 dias até os 2 anos. A concentração de lactato foi mais elevada no G3. Conclui-se que na interpretação dos exames laboratoriais de potros da raça crioula, o gênero não interfere significativamente nos resultados, porém a idade deve ser considerada devido à ocorrência de variações relevantes. Recomenda-se que para interpretação sejam consultadas tabelas específicas para cada análise.
Assuntos
Animais , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas/veterinária , /métodos , Cavalos/sangue , Fibrinogênio/análise , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Creatina Quinase/análise , Testes Laboratoriais/análise , Hematócrito/veterinária , Testes Hematológicos/veterináriaRESUMO
The Spix's Saddleback Tamarin, Leontocebus fuscicollis is widely distributed across the Amazon region, but is endangered. This species is serving an important role in biomedical research in captivity. However, reference values for hematological and biochemical parameters are required for the proper characterization of the species. It was therefore the objective of our research to establish these parameters taking into consideration sex and body mass differences in healthy adult Spix's saddleback tamarins. Collecting 2 mL of blood from each individual, 20 animals were examined (7 males, 13 females), and hematological and biochemical parameters were determined using commercial kits. Of the sixteen variables measured, only red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) values were significantly higher in males (7.12 ± 0.98 106/mm, 14.98 ± 1.25 g/dL and 48.71 ± 4.91%, respectively), while red cell distribution width (RDW) was higher in females (14.58 ± 1.89%). Of the biochemical parameters measured, only gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme showed higher activity in females (8.08 ± 4.87 U/L), and a high glucose concentration range was observed (102.0 to 521.0 mg/dL) for both sexes. These parameters established with reference ranges for healthy adults provide a reliable reference source for the interpretation of laboratory housed saddleback tamarin.
Assuntos
Índices de Eritrócitos , Saguinus , Animais , Índices de Eritrócitos/veterinária , Feminino , Hematócrito/veterinária , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
The present study describes Trypanosoma spp. infection and blood parameters in Pterygoplichthys pardalis from the Tapajós River basin in eastern Amazon (Brazil). Of 32 fish examined, 40.6% were infected by Trypanosoma spp., while a total of 112 trypomastigotes were found. Two Trypanosoma morphotypes were characterized and compared with species described in literature infecting other Loricariidae, and a similarity of 94% was found with one species described for another host. The plasma glucose and aspartate aminotransferase levels, hematocrit, number of total erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in the infected and uninfected fish were similar, but hemoglobin was lower in fish infected with Trypanosoma spp. Hemoglobin levels declined with the abundance of the hemoparasites, but the condition factor was similar among fish infected and uninfected by Trypanosoma spp. This is the first study on the hemoparasitism by Trypanosoma spp. and blood parameters in P. pardalis.
Assuntos
Peixes-Gato , Trypanosoma , Animais , Brasil , Hematócrito/veterinária , RiosRESUMO
Acacia farnesiana pods are rich in secondary metabolites and their biological activities have been recorded as antibacterial, antioxidant and anthelmintic. Previously, an in vitro bioguided study showed the important ovicidal and larvicidal effects of an organic fraction (EtOAc-F) from a hydroalcoholic extract of A. farnesiana pods against Haemonchus contortus. The present study aimed to assess the in vivo anthelmintic effect of EtOAc-F from A. farnesiana pods on the H. contortus faecal egg elimination in female lambs and on the infective larvae (L3) population reduction in coprocultures. The EtOAc-F was obtained from a hydroalcoholic extract from A. farnesiana pods through chromatographic procedures; additionally, some secondary compounds were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Twenty-one 'Katahdin' crossbred female lambs ranging from three to four months of age, with body weights 21.9 ± 0.39 kg were used. Animals were orally infected with H. contortus (L3) by a single dose of 350 L3/kg BW. Three experimental groups (n = 7) were assigned as follows: 1) Control (untreated), 2) Albendazole, as a positive control (at 7.5 mg/kg BW, unique dose) and 3) EtOAc-F (at 100 mg/kg BW, once every third day, with three applications in total). Individual faecal samples were collected once a week for 5 weeks (at days 38, 45, 52, 59 and 66) post-treatment, to measure the faecal egg counts (FEC) and to obtain the H. contortus (L3) population from faecal cultures. The highest FEC reduction caused by EtOAc-F was 67.7%; meanwhile, albendazole showed a total FEC reduction after the second week post-treatment (day 45). On the other hand, the fraction caused an important reduction in the larval population in coprocultures (54.3-68.5%). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of galloyl derivatives and flavonoids as major compounds. The A. farnesiana pods could serve as a natural anthelmintic for the control of H. contortus, and perhaps for controlling other parasites of veterinary importance.
Assuntos
Acacia/química , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Hemoncose/veterinária , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Flavonoides/química , Ácido Gálico/química , Hemoncose/tratamento farmacológico , Hemoncose/parasitologia , Haemonchus/efeitos dos fármacos , Haemonchus/isolamento & purificação , Hematócrito/veterinária , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologiaRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to determine the associations between the FAMACHA© score, body condition score (BCS) and several haematological parameters of Pelibuey ewes. In total, 52 clinically healthy Pelibuey ewes were evaluated in this study. A blood sample was collected from each animal to determine haematological variables. The BCS was evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5 and subsequently grouped into four categories: (1) < 1.5, (2) 2.0-2.5, (3) 3.0-3.5 and (4) > 4.0. The coloration of conjunctival mucosa was evaluated using the FAMACHA© system. The analysed haematological parameters were red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW-SD) and red blood cell distribution width coefficient of variation (RDW-CV). A descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and the Pearson correlation coefficients between variables were estimated. Haematological parameters were analysed with one-way analyses of variance, and the Tukey test was applied when significant differences were detected. The FAMACHA© score was only associated with MCHC (r = - 0.30, P < 0.05). The haematological parameters of RBC count, HCT, RDW-SD and RDW-CV statistically differed among BCS groups. The BCS was associated with RBC count, HCT, RDW-SD and RDW-CV, with r values ranging from 0.35 to 0.48. The haematological values were similar to those reported in ewes from Iran and Iraq. Hence, the optimization of the BCS calculation of Pelibuey ewes can generate association tables with haematological parameters to aid in the sanitary and feeding management of sheep.
Assuntos
Índices de Eritrócitos , Hemoglobinas , Carneiro Doméstico/fisiologia , Animais , Contagem de Eritrócitos/veterinária , Índices de Eritrócitos/veterinária , Feminino , Hematócrito/veterinária , Hemoglobinas/análise , Irã (Geográfico) , Carneiro Doméstico/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Canine packed red blood cells (pRBCs) can be stored under refrigeration for several days; however, cellular metabolism remains active inside the units, thus producing substances that affect their quality. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate hematologic, biochemical, and blood gas variable alterations that occur in canine pRBCs during storage, and their effects on recipient clinicopathologic parameters. METHODS: The study was conducted in two phases. In phase I, 15 pRBC units containing CPDA-1 were stored for 28 days; samples were collected weekly from the units of days 0 to 28 to measure the packed cell volume (PCV), pH, partial pressure carbon dioxide (PCO2 ), partial pressure oxygen (PO2 ), concentrations of lactate and potassium, and the percent hemolysis. In phase II, another 22 canine pRBC units stored for different time periods (maximum of 21 days) were transfused, and the recipients were evaluated before and after transfusion for changes in clinical parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic arterial pressure, and rectal temperature) and hematologic variables (PCV, lactate and potassium concentrations, pH, PCO2 , the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen [PO2 /FiO2 ] ratio, oxygen saturation [SaO2 ], base excess, and bicarbonate [HCO3 ]). RESULTS: In the pRBC units, the PCV increased from 70% to 78.33%, the lactate concentration increased 627%, the potassium concentration increased 183%, the percent hemolysis reached 0.69%, and the pH decreased 9% after 28 days. However, the dogs who received transfusions were not negatively affected. There was a significant increase in PCVs, and a significant decrease in heart rates. CONCLUSION: Canine pRBCs undergo hematologic, blood gas, and biochemical alterations during storage; however, the transfusion of pRBCs stored for up to 21 days increased PCVs without causing harm to the dogs.