RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The study of oral health literacy (OHL) is likely to gain new and interesting insights with the use of network analysis, a powerful analytical tool that allows the investigation of complex systems of relationships. Our aim was to investigate the relationships between oral health literacy and oral health-related factors in a sample of Indigenous Australian adults using a network analysis approach. METHODS: Data from 400 Indigenous Australian adults was used to estimate four regularised partial correlation networks. Initially, a network with the 14 items of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (HeLD-14) was estimated. In a second step, psychosocial, sociodemographic and oral health-related factors were included in the network. Finally, two networks were estimated for participants with high and low oral health literacy. Participants were categorised into 'high' or 'low' OHL networks based on a median split. Centrality measures, clustering coefficients, network stability, and edge accuracy were evaluated. A permutation-based test was used to test differences between networks. RESULTS: Solid connections among HeLD-14 items followed the structure of theoretical domains across all networks. Oral health-related self-efficacy, sporting activities, and self-rated oral health status were the strongest positively associated nodes with items of the HeLD-14 scale. HeLD-14 items were the four most central nodes in both HeLD-14 + covariates network and high OHL network, but not in the low OHL network. Differences between high and low OHL models were observed in terms of overall network structure, edge weight, and clustering coefficient. CONCLUSION: Network models captured the dynamic relationships between oral health literacy and psychosocial, sociodemographic and oral health-related factors. Discussion on the implications of these findings for informing the development of targeted interventions to improve oral health literacy is presented.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Letramento em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Austrália , Estudos Transversais , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background: : In Latin America there are about 45 million indigenous people in 826 communities that represent 8.3% of the population. An estimated 798,365 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander were in Australia, 5,2 million indigenous people living in America and 2,13 million in Canada. Racial/ethnic disparities in mental health service use have increased especially in the context of the new coronavirus pandemic. Thus, we aimed to describe the mental health situation of the indigenous population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: : The studies were identified in well-known international journals found in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and MEDLINE. The data were cross-checked with information from the main international newspapers. Results: : According to the literature, due to the COVID-19 pandemic there is a lack of specialized mental health services and professionals, a restricted access to quality information and a lack of access to inputs, causing negative feelings and it can exacerbate pre-existing mental problems (eg: depression, suicidal ideation, smoking and binge drink). The cultural differences are a risk factor to worsen the mental health of this already vulnerable population. Conclusion: : providing psychological first aid is an essential care component for indigenous populations that have been victims COVID-19 pandemic.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Povos Indígenas/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/etnologia , Saúde Mental/etnologia , Pneumonia Viral/psicologia , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca/psicologia , Austrália/epidemiologia , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/etnologia , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Direitos Humanos/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/psicologia , América do Norte/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/etnologia , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Indigenous populations may be at increased risk, compared with majority populations, for the development of dementia due to lower education levels and socio-economic status, higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and alcohol abuse, an aging population structure, and poorer overall health. This is the first systematic review investigating the prevalence and incidence of dementia in indigenous populations worldwide. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo for relevant papers published up to April 2015. Studies were included if they reported prevalence or incidence, the disease typically occurred after the age of 45, the study population included indigenous people, and the study was conducted in the general population. RESULTS: Fifteen studies representing five countries (Canada, Australia, the USA, Guam, Brazil) met the inclusion criteria. Dementia prevalence ranged from 0.5% to 20%. Retrospective studies relying on medical records for diagnoses had much lower prevalence rates and a higher risk of bias than population-based prospective studies performing their own diagnoses with culturally appropriate cognitive assessment methods. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dementia among indigenous populations appears to be higher than it is for non-indigenous populations. Despite a building body of evidence supporting the need for dementia research among indigenous populations, there is a paucity of epidemiological research, none of which is of high quality.
Assuntos
Demência/etnologia , Grupos Populacionais/psicologia , Austrália/etnologia , Brasil/etnologia , Canadá/etnologia , Guam/etnologia , Humanos , Incidência , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/psicologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Classe Social , Estados Unidos/etnologiaAssuntos
População Negra , Programas Governamentais , Setor de Assistência à Saúde , Hispânico ou Latino , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico , Relações Raciais , Seguridade Social , Saúde da Mulher , Austrália/etnologia , População Negra/educação , População Negra/etnologia , População Negra/história , População Negra/legislação & jurisprudência , População Negra/psicologia , Centros Comunitários de Saúde/economia , Centros Comunitários de Saúde/história , Centros Comunitários de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Diversidade Cultural , Emprego/economia , Emprego/história , Emprego/legislação & jurisprudência , Emprego/psicologia , Feminino , Identidade de Gênero , Programas Governamentais/economia , Programas Governamentais/educação , Programas Governamentais/história , Programas Governamentais/legislação & jurisprudência , Setor de Assistência à Saúde/história , Setor de Assistência à Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Hispânico ou Latino/educação , Hispânico ou Latino/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/história , Hispânico ou Latino/legislação & jurisprudência , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , História do Século XX , Humanos , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/educação , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/etnologia , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/história , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/legislação & jurisprudência , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/psicologia , Setor Público/economia , Setor Público/história , Setor Público/legislação & jurisprudência , Porto Rico/etnologia , Relações Raciais/história , Relações Raciais/legislação & jurisprudência , Relações Raciais/psicologia , Classe Social , Apoio Social , Seguridade Social/economia , Seguridade Social/etnologia , Seguridade Social/história , Seguridade Social/legislação & jurisprudência , Seguridade Social/psicologia , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Mulheres/educaçãoRESUMO
Los pueblos aborígenes de hispanoamérica han usado tradicionalmente diferentes sustancias psicotrópicas dentro de contextos ceremoniales, a fin de procurarse experiencias de embriaguez y/o de éxtasis, con efectos socioculturales integradores ampliamente demostrados hasta la fecha. A partir de una numerosa evidencia etnohistórica se desarrollan tres modelos prototipo de estos usos, específicamente bebidas alcohólicas por los mapuches en Chile, hoja de coca por los pueblos andinos y hongos enteógenos por indígenas mesoamericanos. Luego de su exposición, tales tipos se consumo son analizados en la perspectiva del contacto cultural y aculturación, debido a la necesidad de que la autoridad sanitaria tenga presente este tipo de valores cuando disponga normas para el control del consumo indebido y/o ilícito de alcohol, cocaína o alucinógenos. Así, prohibir el cultivo de la coca o penalizar el uso chamánico de hongos serían disposiciones simplistas con indudables efectos etnocida entre los actuales pueblos aborígenes de la región