Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/história , Imunoterapia/história , Hansenostáticos/história , Hanseníase/história , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Hansenostáticos/uso terapêutico , Hanseníase/imunologia , Hanseníase/microbiologia , Hanseníase/terapia , Mycobacterium leprae/patogenicidade , Mycobacterium leprae/fisiologia , Doenças Negligenciadas , VenezuelaRESUMO
The article investigates how knowledge of medicinal plants and related treatment practices are assimilated and transformed. Taking as its focus the use of chaulmoogra oil to treat leprosy, it examines how information on this plant was incorporated and transformed into scientifically validated knowledge when 'Brazilian chaulmoogra' came onto the scene. Pointing to the addition of chaulmoogra byproducts to the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz's production agenda in the 1920s, the study establishes links between productive processes and relates these to the period's scientific context. From the late nineteenth century until the 1940s, chaulmoogra oil was the great hope in efforts to cure leprosy. During this period, chaulmoogric treatment earned a place as scientific knowledge thanks to research studies conducted in laboratories throughout the Western world.
Assuntos
Hansenostáticos/história , Hanseníase/história , Fitoterapia/história , Óleos de Plantas/história , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Hansenostáticos/uso terapêutico , Hanseníase/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/história , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Plantas MedicinaisRESUMO
A retrospective study was done at the Leprosy Control Unit (LCU) in Durgapur of Burdwan district, West Bengal, to determine the relapse rate following multidrug therapy (MDT). A total of 1581 patients (1276 PB and 305 MB) completed MDT regimens during a period of 5 years as per WHO recommendations and National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) guidelines. The treated patients were kept under surveillance as per NLEP guidelines and searched for relapses. The results of MDT were compared with those of pre-MDT (monotherapy) era at the same centre (total: 405 patients; PB-373, MB-32) andalso with those of the Leprosy Clinic in Gopalpur (only dapsone was given to a total of 189 patients, PB-167, MB-22) Following monotherapy, the relapse rate was 10.06% at the Gopalpur Leprosy Clinic and 12.4% at the Dargapur LCU during the 2 years (PB) and 5 years (MB) of surveillance, whereas following MDT no relapse case was encountered both in PB and MB cases during the surveillance periods recommended by WHO. The results of this study are comparable with those of ohter studies. Though a few studies showed relapses during long-term surveillance beyond the periods recommended by WHO, it is once again established that MDT can prevent relapse in leprosy
Assuntos
Humanos , Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Hanseníase/prevenção & controle , Hanseníase/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva/prevenção & controle , Clofazimina/uso terapêutico , Dapsona/uso terapêutico , Hansenostáticos/administração & dosagem , Hansenostáticos/história , Hansenostáticos/normas , Hansenostáticos/uso terapêutico , Rifampina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The action of the oral administration of diasone has been studied in a group of advanced cases of leprosy of whom almost all had previously been treated with chaulmoogra oil. The drug was given for periods of 8 weeks with a daily dosage varying between 1 and 3 Grams according to individual tolerance; between each period or course of treatment there was a 4 weeks' interval. Anemia (82 per cent), asthenia and depression (88 per cent), headache (74 per cent) were noted as signs of intolerance. There were no grave consequences and intolerance was readily treated with liver extract, iron, and vitamin B complex. Activity of the drug was shown by softening, ulceration, and re-absorption of leprous nodules, healing of ulcers, and re-absorption of deep lepromatous infiltrations. Bacteriologically, granulation of the bacilli was observed but in no case had bacilli completely disappeared from the lesions. The improvement noted was greater the longer and more concentrated the treatment. The results found after 8 months trial were the following: in 5 cases treated for 3 periods, 100 per cent improved; in 11 cases treated for 2 periods, 63.6 per cent improved; in 26 cases after only 1 period of treatment, 50 per cent improved. Thus of 42 patients who had completed 1 to 3 periods of treatment, 59.5 per cent showed improvement. Finally it may be stated that diasone has proved to be effective in the treatment of leprosy in a series of 42 patients observed for 8 months. Further experimental treatment should be carried out so that definite conclusions based on greater experience can be obtained.
Assuntos
Humanos , Hansenostáticos/história , Hanseníase/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfonas/administração & dosagem , Sulfonas/efeitos adversos , Sulfonas/farmacologia , Sulfonas/sangue , Sulfonas/síntese química , Sulfonas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Penicilin has been used for the treatment of seven lepromatous and one neural (Nt. in reaction) cases of leprosy in daily doses of 25,000 to 60,000 units over periods of 21 to 53 days for a total of 1,050,000 to 2,550,000 units. Three technics have been used: the first, intramuscular injections every 3 hours (8 injections per day and 168 in total); the second, intravenous drip, 8 to 10 hours a day; the third, one intramuscular injection a day, in oily suspension (mixture of peanut oil and beeswax). Observation was carried on for three months after treatments were completed. Except for general improvement and/or healing of ulcers in 4 patients, decrease of blood sedimentation rate in 5 patients (with increase in 2) and increase of red corpuscles and hemoglobin in 3 patients, no clinical, bacteriological, or immunological sign was recorded revealing any specific action of penicillin on Mycobacterium leprae or on the normal course of the disease either during the time of treatment or in the three months thereafter. In two cases with lepra reaction, penicillin appeared to have no effect. Four of the patients subjected to this treatment had strongly positive serological tests for syphilis (Wassermann, Hecht, Kahn Standard, Eagle, and Briceño Rossi reactions) with past history of syphilis. Treatment with penicillin did not modify the serological results. At the time this trial was ending, a similar article by Faget and Pogge (6) confirmed the major part of the observations herein described.
Assuntos
Humanos , Hansenostáticos/história , Hanseníase/tratamento farmacológico , Penicilinas/administração & dosagem , Penicilinas/farmacologia , Penicilinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
"CHAUOLMOOGRA" is no longer a strange-sounding name, for of late it has appeared frequently in newspaper dispatches as a possible cure for leprosy, and in fact two constituents of Chaulmoogra oil, chaulmoogric and hydnocarpic acids, but especially their ethyl esters, have proved efficacious in the treatment of that dreadful disease. These acids were first isolated and described and their esters prepared nearly twenty years ago by Dr. Frederick B. power and his assistants