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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to quantify the risk of incarceration of incisional hernias. BACKGROUND: Operative repair is the definitive treatment for incisional ventral hernias but is often deferred if the perceived risk of elective operation is elevated secondary to comorbid conditions. The risk of incarceration during nonoperative management (NOM) factors into shared decision making by patient and surgeon; however, the incidence of acute incarceration remains largely unknown. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of adult patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision or Tenth Revision diagnosis of incisional hernia was conducted from 2010 to 2017 in 15 hospitals of a single healthcare system. The primary outcome was incarceration necessitating emergent operation. The secondary outcome was 30-, 90-, and 365-day mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine independent predictors of incarceration. RESULTS: Among 30,998 patients with an incisional hernia (mean age 58.1 ±â€Š15.9 years; 52.7% female), 23,022 (78.1%) underwent NOM of whom 540 (2.3%) experienced incarceration, yielding a 1- and 5-year cumulative incidence of 1.24% and 2.59%, respectively. Independent variables associated with incarceration included: age older than 40 years, female sex, current smoker, body mass index 30 or greater, and a hernia-related inpatient admission. All-cause mortality rates at 30, 90, and 365 days were significantly higher in the incarceration group at 7.2%, 10%, and 14% versus 1.1%, 2.3%, and 5.3% in patients undergoing successful NOM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Incarceration is an uncommon complication of NOM but is associated with a significant risk of death. Tailored decision making for elective repair and considering the aforementioned risk factors for incarceration provides an initial step toward mitigating the excess morbidity and mortality of an incarceration event.

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Introduction: A parastomal hernia (PSH) is an abnormal herniation of an intra-abdominal organ or other tissue through an intentionally created fascial defect at an ostomy site. PSHs commonly involve reducible mobile segments of omentum, intra-abdominal fat, and bowel. However, PSHs may rarely involve fixed intra-abdominal organs such as the stomach. Case Description: A 68-year-old female underwent emergent Hartmann procedure for Hinchey III diverticulitis and subsequently developed a large reducible parastomal hernia. She was scheduled for an elective laparoscopic colostomy reversal. Prior to her scheduled reversal, the patient presented to the ED with anorexia, lack of colostomy output, emesis, and pain localized to her left lower quadrant. She was found to have gastric outlet obstruction secondary to herniation of the stomach through the left lower quadrant colostomy site. The patient was admitted and treated conservatively with resolution of her symptoms, but due to the high likelihood of recurrence, the decision was made to proceed with laparoscopic Hartmann colostomy reversal with coloproctostomy and primary closure of the fascia without mesh. Conclusion: The contents of a PSH can become incarcerated causing obstruction, strangulation, necrosis and even perforation over time. Fortunately, in this case, herniation of the stomach was recognized early. The patient underwent repair of the hernia defect in order to prevent recurrence of gastric herniation and its potential detrimental complications. The decision regarding the technical aspects of ostomy reversal in terms of mesh selection require further study. In our case, mesh was not used due to patient-specific factors and comorbidities.

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RESUMEN Las hernias incisionales son la complicación más común a largo plazo en las laparotomías con una incidencia hasta 20 por ciento. Se ha descrito la presencia de casi todos los órganos intrabdominales en el interior de una hernia. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con apendicitis aguda en una hernia incisional recidivante, su presentación clínica y una revisión de la literatura acerca de esta patología. Femenino de 75 años de edad presentó una hernia incisional recidivante estrangulada, se realizó una laparotomía exploradora, encontrando el apéndice cecal perforado. Se realizó la apendicectomía y una desbridación amplia de la piel y la grasa alrededor de la herida. Durante el internamiento se colocaron 4 sistemas de cicatrización asistida con presión negativa. Se tomó un injerto de espesor parcial del muslo izquierdo y se cubrió el defecto. Es importante estar consciente de las posibles complicaciones para determina la mejor estrategia en la cirugía(AU)

ABSTRACT Incisional hernia is the most long-term common complication in laparotomies with an incidence rate up to 20 percent. The presence of almost all intra-abdominal organs inside a hernia has been described. Here is a 75 years-old female patient with acute appendicitis in a recurrent incisional hernia, its clinical presentation and the literature review about this pathology. This patient had strangulated recurrent incisional hernia and she underwent exploratory laparotomy to find perforated cecal appendix. Appendicectomy and extensive debridement of skin and fat around the wound were performed. During the hospitalization period, four negative pressure-assisted wound closure systems were placed. A partially thick graft was taken from the left thigh to cover the defect. It is important to be aware of the possible complications in order to determine the best surgical strategy(AU)

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Purpose: To evaluate the fibrosis induced by four different meshes: Marlex®, Parietex Composite®, Vicryl® and Ultrapro®. Methods: Histological cutouts of abdominal wall were analyzed with polarized light 28 days after the meshes implants and colorized by picrosirius to identify the intensity of collagen types I and III, and their maturation index. Results: When the four groups were compared, the total collagen area analyzed was bigger in groups A and D, with no difference between them. The collagen type I density was bigger in group A, with an average of 9.62 ± 1.0, and smaller in group C, with an average of 3.86 ± 0.59. The collagen type III density was similar in groups A, B and C, and bigger in group D. The collagen maturation index was different in each of the four groups, bigger in group A with 0.87, group B with 0.66, group D with 0.57 and group C with 0.33 (p = 0.0000). Conclusion: The most prominent fibrosis promotion in the given meshes was found on Marlex® (polypropylene mesh) and the Parietex Composite® (non-biodegradable polyester); the collagen maturation index was higher in the Marlex® mesh, followed by Ultrapro®, Parietex Composite® and Vicryl® meshes.(AU)

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Antecedentes y objetivos. Las deformidades de la pared abdominal representan un motivo de consulta frecuente en cirugía general y cirugía plástica. En los pacientes con pérdida masiva de peso, la deformidad del contorno abdominal puede ser consecuencia tanto de la flaccidez y exceso cutáneo como de eventraciones abdominales secundarias a cirugía bariátrica o de otro origen. Determinar si el tratamiento combinado de dermolipectomía abdominal en flor de lis con cura operatoria de eventración representa una opción segura, efectiva y con mayores beneficios tanto desde el punto de vista estético como funcional. Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron 38 pacientes posbariátricos con diagnóstico de eventración abdominal que acudieron a la Unidad de Cirugía Plástica y Postbariátrica en Caracas, Venezuela, en el período 2009-2015, para reconstrucción de la pared abdominal. A todos los pacientes se les realizó una dermolipectomía abdominal en flor de lis asociada en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico a una cura operatoria de eventración. Se determinó el tipo de complicaciones y su frecuencia. Resultados. Las complicaciones fueron dehiscencia (23,68%) e infecciones (21,05%). No se presentó seroma, necrosis grasa, hematoma, extrusión de la malla ni recidiva de la hernia incisional. Conclusiones. La asociación de dermolipectomía abdominal en flor de lis con cura operatoria de eventración representa una opción segura y efectiva

Background and objectives. The abdominal wall deformities are a frequent reason for consultation in general and plastic surgery. In patient with massive weight loss, the abdominal contour deformities are secondary to both fl accidity and cutaneous excess, and also to incisional hernias secondary to bariatric surgery or from another origin. To determine if the combined treatment of Fleur de Lis abdominoplasty and incisional hernia repair is a safe and eff ective option with more aesthetic and functional benefi ts. Materials and methods. 38 postbariatric patients diagnosed with incisional hernia who consulted to the Postbariatric and Plastic Surgery Unit in Caracas, Venezuela, between 2009-2015 were included for abdominal wall reconstruction. A combined procedure of fl eur de lis abdominoplasty with incisional hernia repair was performed in all patients. The complications of the procedure were determined. Results. The complications were: suture dehiscence (23,68%) and infections (21,05%). Seroma, fat necrosis, hematoma, mesh extrusion nor incisional hernia recurrence were present. Conclusions. The combination of a fl eur de lis abdominoplasty with an incisional hernia repair in a single surgical time is a safe and eff ective procedure.

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Introducción. La hernia Incisional es una complicación frecuente de la cirugía abdominal sobre todo en pacientes que presentan factores de riesgo para desarrollar la misma. El sistema de salud pública no cuenta con suficiente encamamiento para estos pacientes para la realización de una cirugía electiva. La reparación laparoscópica y su aplicación en una unidad de cirugía ambulatoria se ha convertido en una opción para estos pacientes. El presente estudio busca evaluar los resultados de la reparación de la hernia incisional por vía laparoscópica y su aplicación en cirugía ambulatoria. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectvo de pacientes a quienes se le realizo reparación laparoscópica del año 2010 al año 2016, evaluando los factores de riesgo para la hernia incisional, el tamaño, su localización más frecuente, cierre del defecto, estancia hospitalaria, tiempo quirúrgico, malla utilizada, que tipo de analgésico se utilizaron a su egreso, sus complicaciones, su manejo y el seguimiento a los 8 días, 30 días y cada 2 meses durante un año. Resultados. Se incluyeron un total de 50 pacientes, siendo más frecuente en el sexo femenino. El principal factor de riesgo para el aparecimiento de la hernia incisional fue cirugías múltiples de origen obstétrico. La localización más frecuente fue la línea media infra umbilical. En 80% de los casos se realizó cierre por afrontación del defecto. En 100% de los casos se colocó malla separadora de tejido. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 70 minutos. El 75% de los pacientes fueron dados de alta el mismo día de la cirugía, el resto se ingresó al hospital, por condiciones de dolor post operatorio, complicaciones transoperatorias (2 casos) o reparación de un defecto grande (mayor de 15 centímetros). La mayor parte de los pacientes respondieron adecuadamente al uso de analgésicos por vía oral (75%), el resto se utilizó una combinación de dos analgésicos. Conclusiones. La técnica laparoscópica es una técnica adecuada y segura para la reparación de la hernia incisional aplicada en cirugía ambulatoria. Además, permite tratar a los pacientes que la sufren sin recargar la capacidad hospitalaria.

Introduction. Incisional hernia is a common abdominal surgical complication in patents with risk factors. Public hospitals don´t have enough beds to admit patents and perform the repair in an elecitve way, so ambulatory laparoscopic technique became a feasible alternative. The aim of the study is to evaluate our experience with ambulatory laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty. Methods. This retrospective study includes all the patents that presented an incisional hernia and were repaired by ambulatory laparoscopic hernioplasty between 2010 and 2016. We evaluated the presence of risk factors, the size of the hernia defect and location, the type of closure, operative time, type of mesh, length of hospitalization, analgesic treatment and management of complications. Results. We treated 50 patents. The main risk factor for incisional hernia was multiple gynecological surgeries. The most common site was at the infraumbilical medial line. In 80% of the patents we performed a complete defect closure. In all patents we used a two layer mesh. The mean operative time was 70 minutes. 75% of patents were discharged the same day and the rest of the patents were hospitalized because of uncontrolled pain, perioperative complications (2 cases) or extensive defects (above 15 centimeters in diameter). 75% of patents needed one analgesic and the rest a combination of two. Conclusions. Laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty can be safely performed in an ambulatory program and reduce the need of hospitalization.

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ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the occurrence of seroma and surgical wound infection after surgery. METHODS: A total of 42 individuals with large incisional hernias were subjected toonlay mesh repair. Following the mesh placement, the participants were randomly allocated to two groups. In group 1, closed-suction drains were placed in the subcutaneous tissue, while progressive tension sutures were performed in group 2. The participants were subjected to clinical and ultrasound assessment to detect seroma and surgical wound infection at three time-points after surgery. RESULTS: The occurrence of seroma at the early, intermediate or late assessments was respectively 19.0%, 47.6%, 52.4% in group 1 and 28.6%, 57.1%, 42.9% in group 2 and was not significantly different between groups (p 0.469; 0.631; 0.619). Surgical wound infection occurred 19% in group 1 and 23.8% in group 2, without a significant difference between the groups (p>0.999). CONCLUSION: The frequency of seroma and infection did not exhibit significant differences between individuals subjected to onlay mesh repair of large incisional hernias with drains or progressive tension sutures without drainage.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the occurrence of seroma and surgical wound infection after surgery. METHODS: A total of 42 individuals with large incisional hernias were subjected toonlay mesh repair. Following the mesh placement, the participants were randomly allocated to two groups. In group 1, closed-suction drains were placed in the subcutaneous tissue, while progressive tension sutures were performed in group 2. The participants were subjected to clinical and ultrasound assessment to detect seroma and surgical wound infection at three time-points after surgery. RESULTS: The occurrence of seroma at the early, intermediate or late assessments was respectively 19.0%, 47.6%, 52.4% in group 1 and 28.6%, 57.1%, 42.9% in group 2 and was not significantly different between groups (p 0.469; 0.631; 0.619). Surgical wound infection occurred 19% in group 1 and 23.8% in group 2, without a significant difference between the groups (p>0.999). CONCLUSION: The frequency of seroma and infection did not exhibit significant differences between individuals subjected to onlay mesh repair of large incisional hernias with drains or progressive tension sutures without drainage.

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Introducción: la hernia incisional es una complicación frecuente de la cirugía abdominal. Su incidencia varía entre 2 y 15 por ciento de los pacientes, y algunos autores señalan que puede alcanzar un 23 por ciento cuando está relacionada con una infección de la herida quirúrgica. Objetivo: describir las características de los pacientes operados por hernia incisional en el Hospital General Docente Enrique Cabrera, entre los años 2004 y 2010. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo con carácter retrospectivo en el Hospital General Docente Enrique Cabrera, entre los años 2004 y 2010. Se tomó el total del universo constituido por 212 pacientes con diagnóstico preoperatorio de hernia incisional, operados entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2010. Se analizaron los parámetros demográficos, hábitos tóxicos, antecedentes patológicos personales, cirugías anteriores, localización de la incisión anterior, técnica quirúrgica, uso y localización de prótesis, antibioticoterapia y complicaciones posoperatorias. Resultados: el 85 por ciento de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino, el 40 por ciento se encontraba entre 50 y 61 años de edad, el 58,3 por ciento presentaba hábitos tóxicos, el 69,3 por ciento de las hernias tenían localización infraumbilical, y la mayor incidencia correspondió a las histerectomías. La técnica de Stoppa fue la más aplicada en las hernioplastia y la técnica de Mayo en las herniorrafias. Conclusiones: la obesidad y la diabetes fueron las enfermedades más frecuentes halladas en el estudio. La mayoría de los pacientes eran fumadores. Las incisiones quirúrgicas infraumbilicales por histerectomías abdominales fueron la localización más frecuente de las hernias incisionales. La infección de la herida quirúrgica fue la complicación hallada con mayor frecuencia. La recidiva posoperatoria se presentó en el 4,6 por ciento de los pacientes(AU)

Introduction: incisional hernia is a frequent complication of abdominal surgery. The incidence of this entity ranges 2 percent to 15 percent of patients, and some authors point out that it may reach 23 percent when associated to surgical wound infection. Objective: to describe the characteristics of patients operated on from incisional hernia at Enrique Cabrera general teaching hospital from 2004 to 2010. Methods: a retrospective, observational and descriptive study was conducted. The universe of study was 212 patients with preoperative diagnosis of incisional hernia and operated on from January 2004 to December 2010. Demographic parameters, toxic habits, personal pathological background, previous surgery, location of previous incision, type of surgical technique, use and location of prostheses, antibiotic therapy and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: eighty five percent of patients were females, 40 % were 50 to 61 years-old, 58.3 percent presented with toxic habits, the location of 69.3 percent of hernias were infraumbilical and the highest incidence went to hysterectomies. Stoppa's technique was mostly used in hernioplasty whereas Mayo's technique was the choice in most herniorrhaphies. Conclusions: obesity and diabetes were the commonest diseases; the majority of patients were smokers; the infraumbilical incision resulting from abdominal hysterectomy was the most frequent location of incisional hernia. The surgical wound infection was often found as complication. Postoperative relapse was observed in 4.6 percent of the surgical patients(AU)

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