RESUMO
Introducción: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato es el agente etiológico de la enfermedad de Lyme, zoonosis emergente de difícil diagnóstico, prevención y control, reportada fundamentalmente en el hemisferio norte. Objetivo: facilitar información actualizada acerca de Borrelia burgdorferi. Métodos: se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica y especializada sobre los principales aspectos relacionados con este agente y su enfermedad; como son las características de las borrelias y el ciclo de vida, epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas en humanos, diagnóstico de laboratorio, definición actual de caso, tratamiento, profilaxis, prevención y control. Resultados: se expone información actualizada y valiosa sobre los temas seleccionados, útil para el personal interesado en las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por vectores. Se muestra además información sobre los estudios realizados en Cuba. Conclusiones: se aporta información de utilidad para el manejo epidemiológico, clínico y microbiológico de casos con sospechas de la infección por Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
Introduction: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is the causative agent of Lyme disease, an emerging zoonosis, whose diagnosis, prevention and control are difficult and it is mainly reported in the northern hemisphere. Objective: to provide updated information about Borrelia burgdorferi. Methods: a review of scientific and specialized literature on the key aspects of this agent and the disease such as characteristics and life cycle of borrelias, epidemiology, clinical manifestations in humans, laboratory diagnosis, current case definition, treatment, prophylaxis, prevention and control. Results: current valuable information on selected items was set forth, which is useful for the personnel involved in vector-borne infectious diseases. Additionally, information about studies conducted in Cuba was provided. Conclusions: this paper offers updated information for the epidemiological, clinical and microbiological management of suspected cases of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença de Lyme/epidemiologia , Doença de Lyme/prevenção & controle , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/patogenicidade , Infecções por Borrelia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Borrelia/prevenção & controle , Literatura de Revisão como AssuntoRESUMO
An intensive enzootic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi was seen in populations of the Mexican wood rat, Neotoma mexicana, and Ixodes spinipalpis ticks in northern Colorado. Cultures of rodent ear tissue and ticks yielded 63 spirochetal isolates: 38 N. mexicana, 2 Peromyscus difficilis, and 23 I. spinipalpis. All 63 isolates were identified as B. burgdorferi sensu lato by polymerase chain reaction; a representative subset was characterized as B. burgdorferi by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. A tick-derived spirochete isolate was infectious to laboratory mice and I. scapularis, the principal vector of Lyme disease in endemic areas of the United States. The risk of human contact with infected I. spinipalpis appears to be minimal from this epidemiologically silent focus in northern Colorado, since this tick is restricted to wood rat nests in this semiarid environment.
Assuntos
Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/isolamento & purificação , Reservatórios de Doenças , Doença de Lyme/epidemiologia , Peromyscus/microbiologia , Roedores/microbiologia , Carrapatos/microbiologia , Animais , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/patogenicidade , Colorado , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Geografia , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Doença de Lyme/transmissão , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodosRESUMO
Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by certain ixodid ticks. The illness usually occurs in stages with many different clinical manifestations. The disease starts with a typical cutaneous lesion called erythema cronicum migrans, that usually develops at the site of the tick bite. After weeks or months, some patients develop neurological abnormalities, particularly meningitis, cranial nerve paralysis, peripheral radiculoneuritis, or cardiac involvement, such as atrioventricular blockade, myopericarditis and cardiomegaly, or migratory musculoskeletal pain. Months or years later, many patients develop arthritis, which usually occurs in intermittent attacks for several years. Lyme disease was only recently recognized in the United States. However this borreliosis has now been recognized in every continent except South America. In this paper we review the clinical and laboratorial features of Lyme borreliosis and discuss the possibility of its presence in Brazil or other parts of South America, where it has recently been recognized that ixodid ticks are common.