RESUMO
A rapid and convenient biochemometrics-based analysis of several cereal-derived extracts was used to identify n-alkyl(enyl)resorcinols (AR) as antifungals against Fusarium oxysporum. Total AR content and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based profiles were recorded for each extract, in addition to their antifungal activity, to help integrate these chemical and biological datasets by orthogonal partial least squares regression. In this study, we developed and used a micro-scale amended medium (MSAM) assay to evaluate the in vitro mycelial growth inhibition at low amounts of extracts. Triticale husk-derived extracts had the highest AR content (662.1 µg olivetol equivalent/g dry extract), exhibiting >79% inhibition at the highest doses (10.0â»1.0 µg/µL). Correlation of the chemical and antifungal datasets using supervised metabolite profiling revealed that 5-n-nonadecanylresorcinol, 5-n-heneicosylresorcinol, and 5-n-tricosyl-resorcinol were the most active ARs occurring in cereal products from Colombia. Hence, we propose the biochemometrics-based approach as a useful tool for identifying AR-like antifungals against F. oxysporum.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Grão Comestível/metabolismo , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Micélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Resorcinóis/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida/estatística & dados numéricos , Grão Comestível/imunologia , Grão Comestível/microbiologia , Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Metaboloma/imunologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Micélio/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Resorcinóis/química , Resorcinóis/isolamento & purificação , Resorcinóis/farmacologia , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is increasing. In vitro test such as omega-5-gliadin levels are useful in the diagnosis, while oral single blind challenge tests (OCT) with wheat plus exercise continuous being the gold standard diagnostic method. This paper reports the case of a 38-year-old woman, with several episodes of anaphylaxis after eating different foods and doing exercise after ingestion. An allergy study was performed with positive skin prick tests for wheat, barley and rye. Total IgE 238.0KU/L, positive specific IgE (>100KU/L) to wheat, barley and rye, and negative to rTri-a-19 omega-5 gliadin. OCT with bread and exercise was positive. In this case of wheat-dependent exerciseinduced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) with negative serum specific IgE to omega-5-gliadin, negative results with gamma, alpha, bheta y omega-gliadin doesn't exclude the diagnosis of WDEIA.
La anafilaxia inducida por ejercicio dependiente de trigo (WDEIA por sus siglas en inglés de wheat-dependent-exercise-induced-anaphylaxis) es una entidad cada vez más frecuente. La detección de IgE frente a omega-5-gliadina in vitro se usa como método diagnóstico, pero la provocación oral controlada simple ciego (POC) con el alimento, junto con la realización de ejercicio físico, es el método diagnóstico patrón de referencia. Se comunica el caso de una paciente de 38 años de edad, con antecedente de episodios de anafilaxia relacionados con la ingestión de alimentos y la realización de actividad física. Se realizó un estudio alergológico. Las pruebas cutáneas fueron positivas a harina de trigo, cebada y centeno. IgE total: 238.0 kU/L, IgE específica positiva (mayor de 100 kU/L) a trigo, cebada, centeno y negativa a rTri-a-19omega-5 gliadina. La provocación oral controlada con pan de trigo y ejercicio físico fue positiva. En este caso con anafilaxia inducida por ejercicio dependiente de trigo sin sensibilización omega-5 gliadina la ausencia de IgE frente gamma, alfa, beta yï omega-gliadina no excluiría el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia/etiologia , Grão Comestível/efeitos adversos , Exercício Físico , Hipersensibilidade a Trigo/complicações , Adulto , Alérgenos , Antígenos de Plantas/imunologia , Grão Comestível/imunologia , Feminino , Gliadina/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Método Simples-Cego , Testes Cutâneos , Hipersensibilidade a Trigo/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade a Trigo/imunologiaRESUMO
Many cereals accumulate hydroxamic acids derived from 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one. These benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids are involved in defense of maize against various lepidopteran pests, most notably the European corn borer, in defense of cereals against various aphid species, and in allelopathy affecting the growth of weeds associated with rye and wheat crops. The role of benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids in defense against fungal infection is less clear and seems to depend on the nature of the interactions at the plant-fungus interface. Efficient use of benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids as resistance factors has been limited by the inability to selectively increase their levels at the plant growth stage and the plant tissues where they are mostly needed for a given pest. Although the biosynthesis of benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids has been elucidated, the genes and mechanisms controlling their differential expression in different plant tissues and along plant ontogeny remain to be unraveled.
Assuntos
Benzoxazinas/metabolismo , Grão Comestível/imunologia , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/imunologia , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Animais , Afídeos/fisiologia , Benzoxazinas/imunologia , Grão Comestível/genética , Grão Comestível/metabolismo , Grão Comestível/parasitologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/parasitologiaRESUMO
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum, Moench), a herbaceous plant of the Polygonaceae family, does not have any affinity for the Gramineae family. It is commercially rated as a cereal, which has led to some misunderstanding concerning its use in gluten induced enteropathy or celiac disease. The effect of buckwheat flour ingestion by celiac patients was evaluated through the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Samples of serum were collected 30 days after the flour ingestion. Cryostat performed cuts of wheat and buckwheat grains were accomplished in order to compare the reactivity of their proteins and serum of celiac and normal patients. The assay revealed that the buckwheat flour presents no toxicity for the celiac patient and no anti-protein antibodies formation in the grain was observed for serum dilutions of 1:2 up to 1:32 with 0.15 M NaCl solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 throughout the 30 day assay period. The results of the immunological assays showed that the buckwheat flour does not present toxic prolamines to celiac disease patients.