RESUMO
Following the induction of oestrus out of season in small ruminants, low fertility and variations in fertility rates are associated with embryonic losses. One of the main causes of embryonic loss is luteal dysfunction. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) supports the luteal structure, and increasing progesterone levels may be beneficial in terms of promoting embryonic life. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of GnRH administration following an oestrus induction protocol in the anoestrus season for preventing embryonic loss in goats having failure to conceive during the season. In the study, 106 Damascus goats aged 3-5 years and weighing 45-60 kg were used. The oestrus of 106 goats in the anoestrous group was stimulated with progesterone and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) treatment. Out of breeding season, goats were divided into the 4 following groups: GnRH0 (n = 27), GnRH7 (n = 26), GnRH0+7 (n = 27) and control (n = 26). In each goat, an intravaginal sponge (IS) containing 20 mg of fluorogestone acetate (FGA) was placed into the vagina and left for 9 days. With the withdrawal of the sponge, 550IU PMSG and 125 µg of d-cloprostenol were injected intramuscularly. Oestrus detection was made via teaser bucks for 3 days starting 24 h after withdrawal of the IS. Eighteen bucks known to be fertile were used for breeding. Goats in the oestrus period were mated via natural breeding. The GnRH analogue lecirelin was injected intramuscularly at breeding in the GnRH0 group, on day 7 post-breeding in the GnRH7 group, and both at breeding and on day 7 post-breeding in the GnRH0+7 group. No injections were given to the control group. Blood samples for progesterone measurement were taken by jugular vena puncturing on days 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19 after breeding from 10 randomly chosen goats in all groups. The goats with a level of > 3.5 ng/mL of progesterone on day 21 post-breeding were evaluated as pregnant. Pregnancy was also viewed on day 50 after breeding by real-time ultrasonography (USG) with a 5-7.5 MHz convex probe. The oestrus rate was 96.23% (102/106) in the goats. The rates of onset of oestrus between 36-48 h, 48-60 h and 60 h and beyond were 38.7% (41/106), 21.7% (23/106) and 35.8% (38/106), respectively. The total pregnancy rate was 35.8% (38/106). There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) found for the pregnancy rate, embryonic death rate or progesterone concentration of the groups. However, serum progesterone levels were statistically different in the GnRH7 group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). After synchronisation, various anti-luteolytic strategies can be used to support corpus luteum development and elevate progesterone concentration in the luteal phase to decrease embryonic loss and increase reproductive performance. Therefore, application of GnRH to support the luteal structure and to increase progesterone levels may be beneficial in terms of supporting embryonic life. The results showed that GnRH treatment on the day 7 post-breeding following oestrus induction, including FGA and PMSG, can increase serum progesterone levels in Damascus goats in the anoestrus period. However, following oestrus induction in the anoestrus period, it was seen that GnRH treatment at breeding or on day 7 after breeding did not have any positive effect on embryonic loss or reproductive performance. In conclusion, it was considered that this protocol could be implemented successfully, yielding a 35% pregnancy rate in Damascus goats in the anoestrus period, but embryonic loss must be deeply studied in detail.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Anestro , Estro/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças das Cabras/embriologia , Perda do Embrião/veterinária , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , CabrasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The underlying cause of seasonal infertility in humans is unclear, but is likely to be -multifactorial. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare the pregnancy rates among infertile women who underwent induced ovulation and intrauterine insemination (IUI) with the season in which the fertility treatment was performed. DESIGN AND SETTING: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 466 patients who were treated in the reproductive endocrinology and infertility outpatient clinic of a tertiary-level women's healthcare and maternity hospital. METHODS: Retrospective demographic, hormonal and ultrasonographic data were obtained from the patients' medical records. Clomiphene citrate or gonadotropin medications were used for induced ovulation. The patients were divided into four groups according to the season (spring, winter, autumn and summer) in which fertility treatment was received. Clinical pregnancy rates were calculated and compared between these four groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the seasonal groups in terms of age, infertility type, ovarian reserve tests, duration of infertility, medications used or length of stimulation. A total of 337 patients (72.3%) were treated with clomiphene citrate and 129 (27.7%) with gonadotropin; no significant difference between these two groups was observed. The clinical pregnancy rates for the spring, winter, autumn and summer groups were 15.6% (n = 24), 8.6% (n = 9), 11.5% (n = 13) and 7.4% (n = 7), respectively (P = 0.174). CONCLUSIONS: Although the spring group had the highest pregnancy rate, the rates of successful IUI did not differ significantly between the seasonal groups.
Assuntos
Clomifeno/administração & dosagem , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/administração & dosagem , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Infertilidade/terapia , Inseminação Artificial , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Taxa de Gravidez , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estações do AnoRESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The underlying cause of seasonal infertility in humans is unclear, but is likely to be multifactorial. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare the pregnancy rates among infertile women who underwent induced ovulation and intrauterine insemination (IUI) with the season in which the fertility treatment was performed. DESIGN AND SETTING: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 466 patients who were treated in the reproductive endocrinology and infertility outpatient clinic of a tertiary-level women's healthcare and maternity hospital. METHODS: Retrospective demographic, hormonal and ultrasonographic data were obtained from the patients' medical records. Clomiphene citrate or gonadotropin medications were used for induced ovulation. The patients were divided into four groups according to the season (spring, winter, autumn and summer) in which fertility treatment was received. Clinical pregnancy rates were calculated and compared between these four groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the seasonal groups in terms of age, infertility type, ovarian reserve tests, duration of infertility, medications used or length of stimulation. A total of 337 patients (72.3%) were treated with clomiphene citrate and 129 (27.7%) with gonadotropin; no significant difference between these two groups was observed. The clinical pregnancy rates for the spring, winter, autumn and summer groups were 15.6% (n = 24), 8.6% (n = 9), 11.5% (n = 13) and 7.4% (n = 7), respectively (P = 0.174). CONCLUSIONS: Although the spring group had the highest pregnancy rate, the rates of successful IUI did not differ significantly between the seasonal groups.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Inseminação Artificial , Clomifeno/administração & dosagem , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/administração & dosagem , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Infertilidade/terapia , Estações do Ano , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Taxa de GravidezRESUMO
Background: Fertility preservation is an important concern in breast cancer patients. In the present investigation, we set out to create a specific protocol of controlled ovarian stimulation (cos) for oocyte cryopreservation in breast cancer patients. Methods: From November 2014 to December 2016, 109 patients were studied. The patients were assigned to a specific random-start ovarian stimulation protocol for oocyte cryopreservation. The endpoints were the numbers of oocytes retrieved and of mature oocytes cryopreserved, the total number of days of ovarian stimulation, the total dose of gonadotropin administered, and the estradiol level on the day of the trigger. Results: Mean age in this cohort was 31.27 ± 4.23 years. The average duration of cos was 10.0 ± 1.39 days. The mean number of oocytes collected was 11.62 ± 7.96 and the mean number of vitrified oocytes was 9.60 ± 6.87. The mean estradiol concentration on triggering day was 706.30 ± 450.48 pg/mL, and the mean dose of gonadotropins administered was 2610.00 ± 716.51 IU. When comparing outcomes by phase of the cycle in which cos was commenced, we observed no significant differences in the numbers of oocytes collected and vitrified, the length of ovarian stimulation, and the estradiol level on trigger day. The total dose of follicle-stimulating hormone and human menopausal gonadotropin administered was statistically greater in the group starting cos in the luteal phase than in the group starting in the late follicular phase. Conclusions: Our results suggest that using a specific protocol with random-start ovarian stimulation for oocyte cryopreservation in breast cancer patients is effective and could be offered to young women undergoing oncologic treatment.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Criopreservação , Preservação da Fertilidade , Indução da Ovulação , Adulto , Criopreservação/métodos , Feminino , Preservação da Fertilidade/métodos , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/administração & dosagem , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Oócitos/citologia , Oócitos/metabolismo , Indução da Ovulação/métodosRESUMO
Objetivou-se a avaliação da efetividade do protocolo de aplicação, em dose única, de gonadotrofinas exógenas (150 UI eCG associado a 100 UI hCG), na indução da atividade ovariana e da ovulação em gatas domésticas, bem como a competência desenvolvimental in vitro e in vivo de embriões felinos produzidos por monta natural, e ainda o efeito da congelação padronizada no desempenho pós-descongelamento de embriões felinos congelados em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, como modelo experimental para potencial uso em espécies felídeas não domésticas. Foram utilizados três machos e 22 gatas para indução reprodutiva e duas gatas com manifestação natural do cio. Em todas as gatas foram computadas, na superfície ovariana, a presença de corpos lúteos e folículos anovulatórios. Dos animais induzidos e inseminados naturalmente, foram coletados 189 embriões, dos quais: em 27 foi testada a viabilidade de cultivo a fresco; 24 foram transferidos a quatro gatas receptoras, sincronizadas com o mesmo método; e em 21 embriões foi testada a viabilidade de desenvolvimento in vitro, após congelamento com meio (10% glicerol, 0,1mol L-1 sacarose). Conclui-se que o protocolo foi efetivo na produção de embriões felinos, embora haja indícios sugerindo a diminuição da dose de eCG e aumento da dose de hCG. Os embriões produzidos foram viáveis para uso em transferência interespecífica, sendo que 75% (3/4) das fêmeas receptoras ficaram gestantes e 50% levaram a gestação a termo. O protocolo de congelamento reduziu em 51% a taxa de desenvolvimento (8/21), in vitro de embriões felinos e reduziu significativamente (P = 0,01) o número de blastômeros (139,1/161) após 24 horas de cultivo em meio TCM 199 modificado.(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the single-dose protocol of exogenous gonadotropins (150 IU eCG associated with 100 IU hCG), to induce ovarian activity and ovulation in domestic cats, as well as developmental competence in vitro and in vivo of feline embryos produced by natural mating. The effect of standardized freezing on the post-thawing performance of frozen feline embryos at different stages of development also was evaluated as an experimental model for potential use in non-domestic felid species. For reproductive induction, 3 males and 22 females were used and 2 females with natural estrus. In all females, the presence of luteal bodies and anovulatory follicles were counted on the ovarian surface. Of induced and naturally inseminated animals, 189 embryos were collected, of which: the viability of fresh culture was tested in 27; 24 were transferred to four receiving cats, synchronized with the same method; and in 21 embryos the viability of in vitro development was tested after freezing with medium (10% glycerol, 0.1 mol L-1 sucrose). It was concluded that the protocol was effective in the production of feline embryos, although there are suggestions to decrease the eCG dose and increase the hCG dose. The embryos produced were viable for use in interspecific transfers, with 75% (3/4) of the recipient females becoming pregnant and 50% leading to full term pregnancy. The freezing protocol reduced the rate of in vitro development (8/21), of feline embryos by 51% and significantly reduced the number of blastomers (P = 0.01), after 24 hours of culture in modified TCM 199 medium (139,1/161).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Ovulação , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Gonadotropinas/efeitos adversos , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Criopreservação , Criopreservação/veterinária , EletrocardiografiaRESUMO
Objetivou-se a avaliação da efetividade do protocolo de aplicação, em dose única, de gonadotrofinas exógenas (150 UI eCG associado a 100 UI hCG), na indução da atividade ovariana e da ovulação em gatas domésticas, bem como a competência desenvolvimental in vitro e in vivo de embriões felinos produzidos por monta natural, e ainda o efeito da congelação padronizada no desempenho pós-descongelamento de embriões felinos congelados em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, como modelo experimental para potencial uso em espécies felídeas não domésticas. Foram utilizados três machos e 22 gatas para indução reprodutiva e duas gatas com manifestação natural do cio. Em todas as gatas foram computadas, na superfície ovariana, a presença de corpos lúteos e folículos anovulatórios. Dos animais induzidos e inseminados naturalmente, foram coletados 189 embriões, dos quais: em 27 foi testada a viabilidade de cultivo a fresco; 24 foram transferidos a quatro gatas receptoras, sincronizadas com o mesmo método; e em 21 embriões foi testada a viabilidade de desenvolvimento in vitro, após congelamento com meio (10% glicerol, 0,1mol L-1 sacarose). Conclui-se que o protocolo foi efetivo na produção de embriões felinos, embora haja indícios sugerindo a diminuição da dose de eCG e aumento da dose de hCG. Os embriões produzidos foram viáveis para uso em transferência interespecífica, sendo que 75% (3/4) das fêmeas receptoras ficaram gestantes e 50% levaram a gestação a termo. O protocolo de congelamento reduziu em 51% a taxa de desenvolvimento (8/21), in vitro de embriões felinos e reduziu significativamente (P = 0,01) o número de blastômeros (139,1/161) após 24 horas de cultivo em meio TCM 199 modificado.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the single-dose protocol of exogenous gonadotropins (150 IU eCG associated with 100 IU hCG), to induce ovarian activity and ovulation in domestic cats, as well as developmental competence in vitro and in vivo of feline embryos produced by natural mating. The effect of standardized freezing on the post-thawing performance of frozen feline embryos at different stages of development also was evaluated as an experimental model for potential use in non-domestic felid species. For reproductive induction, 3 males and 22 females were used and 2 females with natural estrus. In all females, the presence of luteal bodies and anovulatory follicles were counted on the ovarian surface. Of induced and naturally inseminated animals, 189 embryos were collected, of which: the viability of fresh culture was tested in 27; 24 were transferred to four receiving cats, synchronized with the same method; and in 21 embryos the viability of in vitro development was tested after freezing with medium (10% glycerol, 0.1 mol L-1 sucrose). It was concluded that the protocol was effective in the production of feline embryos, although there are suggestions to decrease the eCG dose and increase the hCG dose. The embryos produced were viable for use in interspecific transfers, with 75% (3/4) of the recipient females becoming pregnant and 50% leading to full term pregnancy. The freezing protocol reduced the rate of in vitro development (8/21), of feline embryos by 51% and significantly reduced the number of blastomers (P = 0.01), after 24 hours of culture in modified TCM 199 medium (139,1/161).
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Gatos , Criopreservação , Criopreservação/veterinária , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Gonadotropinas/efeitos adversos , Ovulação , EletrocardiografiaRESUMO
Background: Ovarian stimulation is the cornerstone in fertility treatments, it produces multifolicular development and in consequence, a greater pregnancy rate. Poor responder patients have bad outcomes in IVF, several medical approaches have been proposed in managing these patients, including Growth Hormone. Objetive: To report our results with the use of growth hormone and review published data. Material and method: Case series conducted from January 2013 to May 2015 in patients to Centro de Reproducción PROCREA, Mexico City, poor responders according to the criteria of consensus Bologna cycles in fresh stimulation protocol Flare up, application of growth hormone as adjuvant, complete cycles of stimulation (stimulation, oocyte capture, and embryo transfer pregnancy test) and complete records. For statistical analysis, averages and percentages were used. Results: 40 cases were analyzed. Age and BMI were 39.1 ± 2.1 years and 24.6 ± 2.8 kg/m2, respectively. Total gonadotrophin dose was 2128.6 ± 1078.9 UI, retrieved oocytes and fertilized eggs were 7.1 ± 4.0 y 5.4 ± 2.8 respectively. Fertilization rate was 76.3% and pregnancy rate was 59.5%. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence for prescribing GH in all patients requiring IVF, nevertheless, in poor responder patients, there seems to be an improvement in egg quality leading to better fertilization and pregnancy rate, with no adverse effects.
Assuntos
Fertilização in vitro/métodos , Hormônio do Crescimento/administração & dosagem , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Humanos , México , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biostimulation and temporary weaning on the follicular dynamics and pregnancy rates in Nelore cows. We used three groups of 75 cows: a control group without biostimulation and suckling calves (WB), a group that was biostimulated and had suckling calves (BE) and a group that was biostimulated and subjected to temporary weaning for 56 h (BETW). Ovarian dynamics were examined using ultrasonography. All groups showed follicular atresia. The interval between beginning of the treatment and wave emergence was 3.25 ± 0.30 days for BE, 3.40 ± 0.27 days for BETW and 3.37 ± 0.50 days for WB. The time between implant removal and ovulation was 64.50 ± 1.88 h for BE, 66.75 ± 1.35 h for BETW and 60.85 ± 3.10 h for WB. Eight cows were submitted to ultrasound analysis, and the percentages of cows that had ovulatory follicles of the new follicular wave with maximum diameters greater than 0.80 cm were 100 % (8/8) in BE (1.28 ± 0.12 cm), 100 % (8/8) in BETW (1.52 ± 0.07 cm) and 87.5 % (7/8) in WB (1.21 ± 0.10 cm). The pregnancy rate was 52 % (39/75) in BE, 69.3 % (52/75) in BETW and 37.3 % (28/75) in WB. The association of biostimulation and temporary weaning increased follicular development, ovulation synchronisation and, consequently, the pregnancy rate in beef cows.
Assuntos
Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Ovulação/fisiologia , Prenhez/fisiologia , Desmame , Animais , Animais Lactentes , Bovinos , Cloprostenol/administração & dosagem , Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Estradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Gonadotropinas/farmacologia , Carne , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , ReproduçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nowadays various assisted reproduction ovarian stimulation schemes are used for different clinical outcomes is interesting to compare. OBJECTIVE: Compare two ovarian stimulation protocols: recombinant FSH + LH versus recombinant FSH + Menotropins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective study, 38 cycles were analyzed, made from 2010 until 2013, assigned to two groups (n = 19 each), group 1 received FSHr + LHr, group 2 received FSHr + menotropins. Study variables were: days of ovarian stimulation, total gonadotropin dose, retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate, pregnancy rate and number of vitrified embryos. RESULTS: Fewer stimulation days (8.5 +/- 1.5 vs 9 +/- 1.1) were found in group 1 (recombinant gonadotropins). Group 2 (FSHr + Menotropins), had a greater total dose of gonadotropins (1930.2 +/- 346.2 vs 2000 +/- 418.8) and more retrieved oocytes (8.15 +/- 3.9 vs 8.57 +/- 4). Group 1 patients had higher pregnancy and fertilization rates (56.2 vs 36.8%, and 75.4 vs 69.3%) respectively, no statistical significance was found. CONCLUSION: This study found higher pregnancy and fertilization rates in patients treated with recombinant gonadotropins (FSH + LH) for ovarian stimulation.
Assuntos
Hormônio Foliculoestimulante Humano/administração & dosagem , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Hormônio Luteinizante/administração & dosagem , Menotropinas/administração & dosagem , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Adulto , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
To investigate the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the testicular tissue of young male rats. Male Wistar rats were assigned to groups (10 rats/group).Control Group received subcutaneous saline solution; Group 1 received hCG 50UI/Kg/dose; and Group 2 received hCG 100UI/Kg/dose, daily for 15 days. Half was submitted to bilateral orchiectomy on the 16th day and the other half 45 days after the beginning of the hormone application. Testicles were weighed, measured and has their volumes determined. The diameter of the tubules and the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium were measured. Control Group presented the highest values of testicles volume and weight. Rats in the Control presented normal histology. In G1 and G2 atrophy of the seminiferous tubules, apoptosis of germ cells and multinucleated giant cells were observed. Comparing groups, in the first operation Control rats had higher diameter values. In the second operation, the Control was only different from G1. As for thickness, Control had higher values in both operations. Comparing the time of operation, the diameter values were higher in G1 and G2 in the second operation. For all groups, the thickness of the epithelium was higher in the second operation. Human chorionic gonadotropin is gonadotoxic in rats. This effect was temporary and can affect reproductive potential. The total recovery of testicular damage in the studied range could not be proved, and the effects were not dose-dependent.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , RatosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) using clomiphene citrate associated with gonadotropin and GnRH antagonist (CC + Ant) versus conventional COH without clomiphene citrate (Non-CC) for women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART). METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled-trials comparing CC + Ant versus non-CC. The last search was performed in Apr 13 2012. The following outcomes were retrieved from included trials and compared between CC + Ant versus non-CC: live birth, clinical pregnancy, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), miscarriage, multiple pregnancy, endometrial thickness, total oocytes retrieved, MII oocytes retrieved, total gonadotropin used, and duration of COH. RESULTS: Seven trials (702 participants) were included. There was no significant difference in live birth (55/182 = 30.2 % vs. 47/181 = 26.0 %, p = 0.26, CC + Ant vs. non-CC, respectively), clinical pregnancy (98/346 = 28.3 % vs. 84/356 = 23.6 %, p = 0.12), miscarriage (6/35 = 17.1 % vs. 7/32 = 21.9 %, p = 0.42), endometrial thickness, and on the number of oocytes retrieved. There was a significant reduction in OHSS (1/216 = 0.5 % vs. 9/217 = 4.1 %, p = 0.01), consumption of gonadotropins, and duration of COH. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to non-CC, CC + Ant is likely to reduce the risk of OHSS, medication costs, and the duration of COH without evidence of effect on live birth and clinical pregnancy. More trials are still needed to improve the quality of the evidence. Future studies should evaluate women with PCOS or at increased risk of OHSS, quality of life, satisfaction with the treatment, total cost per live birth, and frequency of congenital anomalies.
Assuntos
Clomifeno/administração & dosagem , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/administração & dosagem , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/antagonistas & inibidores , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana/induzido quimicamente , Indução da Ovulação/efeitos adversos , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is estimated that 15% of couples living in industrialized countries are infertile, ie have failed to conceive, reproductive age, after 12 months ormore of regular intercourse without contraception. During the past decade has increased the demand for fertility treatments because they believe are moreeffective now. OBJECTIVE: To unify the therapeutic approach and service to patients and set a precedent for a Mexican Official Standard respect and support for the legislation of these procedures. METHOD: Consensus by technical experts group panel with the participation of 34 national centers accredited for use in assisted reproduction. He organized seven workshops with the following themes: 1) selection of patients for assisted reproduction treatment, 2) schemes controlled ovarian stimulation for assisted reproduction techniques of high complexity, 3) preparation and egg retrieval technique, 4) transferembryo; 5) luteal phase supplementation; 6) indications and techniques of cryopreservation and 7) informed consent. Each table had a coordinator who wrote and presented the findings to the full, it made a number of observations until they reached unanimity of criteria, which are reflected in this document. RESULTS: Patient selection for assisted reproduction techniques is the first step of the process. Proper selection lead to success, in the same way that a bad pick up for failure. In the case of egg donation the most important recommendation is that only one to two embryos transferred in order to reduce multiple pregnancy rates and maintaining high pregnancy rates.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/normas , Blastocisto , Manutenção do Corpo Lúteo , Criopreservação/métodos , Destinação do Embrião , Transferência Embrionária/normas , Feminino , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Gonadotropinas/isolamento & purificação , Gonadotropinas/farmacologia , Humanos , Infertilidade Feminina/etiologia , Infertilidade Feminina/terapia , Infertilidade Masculina/etiologia , Infertilidade Masculina/terapia , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Inseminação Artificial/normas , Masculino , Doação de Oócitos/normas , Recuperação de Oócitos/métodos , Recuperação de Oócitos/normas , Ovário , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Indução da Ovulação/normas , Seleção de Pacientes , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Progesterona/administração & dosagem , Progesterona/farmacologia , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Preservação do Sêmen/normas , Testículo , Preservação de Tecido/métodos , Preservação de Tecido/normasRESUMO
O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito do uso de gonadotrofinas exógenas na indução do estro à puberdade em marrãs, e /"flushing/" alimentar no ciclo estral que antecede a primeira inseminação artificial na vida útil reprodutiva. [...] O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em um fatorial 2x2 sendo um fator a combinação hormonal H,( 600 UI de eCG e após 72 horas, 2,5 mg de LH porcino) (H) e o estímulo do macho (M). O fator /"flushing/" alimentar correspondeu ao esquema com restrição (R) e o adotado na granja (G). Os tratamentos foram: HR - hormônio e /"flushing/"; HG - hormônio e esquema alimentar da granja; MR - macho e /"flushing/" e MG - macho e esquema alimentar da granja. As informações foram obtidas a partir do banco de dados existente na propriedade onde o experimento foi realizado. As variáveis análisadas foram: número de estros pós-indução, total de nascidos (TN), nascidos vivos (NV), natimortos (NT), mumificados (MM) e intervalo entre partos (ITP). Cinco dias após a aplicação do tratamento hormonal, 31,37% (H) das fêmeas manifestaram características de estro quando comparado ao tratamento M, onde 11,62% apresentaram estro. O tratamento H mostrou maior sincronismo nas manifestações dos estros, diferente do tratamento M que apresentou maior dispersão ao longo dos ciclos. Não houve diferença estatística nas características de primeiro parto entre os tratamentos hormônio e /"flushing/", tanto quanto nas suas interações (P>0,05). Não houve influência dos tratamentos na produtividade dos animais nas diferentes parições (P>0,05). Portanto, apesar do maior sincronismo apresentado pela combinação hormonal em comparação com o estímulo natural somente pela presença do macho, não houve diferenças quanto à produtividade associativa do primeiro parto e demais partos nas características avaliadas
The present study objective to verify the effect of the use of exogenous gonadotropins in oestrus induction of puberty in gilts, and /"flushing/" feed the estrous cycle before the first artificial insemination in lifetime reproductive. [...] The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x2 factorial being a combination hormonal factor H (600 IU eCG and after 72 hours, 2.5 mg porcine LH) (H) and the stimulation of the male (M). The factor /"flushing/" food matched the schema constraint (R) and adopted on the farm (G). The treatments were: HR - hormone and /"flushing/"; HG - hormone regimen and feed the farm; MR - male and /"flushing/" and MG - male and feed the farm scheme. The information was obtained from the existing database on the property where the experiment was conducted. The variables analyzed were: number of post-estrus induction, total born (TN) live births (NV), stillbirths (NT), mummified (MM) and calving interval (ITP). Five days after application of the treatment, 31,37% (H) of estrus females showed characteristics when compared to treatment M, where 11,62% showed estrous. The H treatment showed greater synchronization of estrus in the demonstrations, unlike the M treatment with the highest dispersion along the cycles. There was no statistical difference in the characteristics of first birth among hormone treatments and /"flushing/" as well as their interactions (P>0.05). No influence of the treatments on the productivity of animals in different parities (P>0.05). Therefore, despite the higher timing presented by combination hormonal stimulation compared with only natural for the presence of males, there were no differences in yield associative first birth and other birth characteristics evaluated
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Suínos/fisiologia , Longevidade , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Nine heifers were pre-synchronized (PGF2α, 12 days) and assigned into three groups with 6 repetitions each: (1) CL (â¼8 days old, n=13); (2) DIB+CL (n=18); (3) DIB+EB (150 µg of PGF2α and 2mg estradiol benzoate, n=18). After progesterone (P4) device removal (8 days) and/or final PGF2α, heifers were injected with either GnRH or EB in a 3×2 factorial totalling 49 observations (5 were excluded). The blood sampling schedule: every 12 h during P4 period; for LH pulse frequency on Days 3-5, every 15 min for 6 h during P4 period; after P4 removal and EB treatment, samples were collected every 3 h for 24 h or after GnRH every 1 h for 10 h. Ovarian follicle number and diameter were evaluated by ultrasonography every 12 h until the last blood sample and then 24 h and 48 h later. After device insertion (12 h), the DIB+CL group had a lesser LH concentration than the DIB+EB group. After 36 h, all DIB+CL-treated heifers had less LH than CL-heifers, and after 60 h, the DIB+EB group had less LH than the CL-group. Considering all P4 groups combined, LH peak amplitude was greater after GnRH compared to EB treatment but total area of LH peak amplitude and time to first peak was less. The CL-group had fewer follicles and a greater largest follicle diameter than DIB+CL and DIB+EB groups. When treated with EB, the DIB+CL group had a lesser ovulation rate at 24 h than the CL- and DIB+EB-groups. Fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols promoted a pre-ovulatory LH peak, independent of previous exposure to the DIB coupled with a CL or not. The progesterone excess interfered with FSH and LH secretion, follicular development and ovulation within 24 h.
Assuntos
Bovinos/fisiologia , Sincronização do Estro/métodos , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Folículo Ovariano/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Progesterona/administração & dosagem , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Feminino , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Folículo Ovariano/diagnóstico por imagem , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Ovulation induction (OI) is a cornerstone of human assisted reproduction treatments (ART). Current OI protocols are based on the human follicular dynamics model known as propitious moment theory (PMT), by which follicles continuously grow from the primordial pool without any pattern, and follicular fate depend on the occurrence of a gonadotropin surge. Recently, a new paradigm of human follicular dynamics called follicular waves was revealed using sequential ultrasound examination of 1 interovulatory interval. Instead of random growth, follicles develop in coordinated groups or waves, occurring 2 to 3 times during an interovulatory interval. Follicular waves are common in several other mono-ovulatory species, like equines and bovines. In fact, this model was applied to the development of several OI protocols in veterinary medicine, especially in cows. It has been shown that synchronization of OI with the emergence of a follicular wave increases substantially success rates in animals, even with single embryo transfer. Veterinarians have already developed mechanisms to control wave emergence through mechanical or chemical ablation of the dominant follicle or corpus luteum. Considering the follicular dynamics similarities between humans and bovines regarding the follicular wave phenomenon, we hypothesize that synchronization of follicular wave emergence with ovarian stimulation produces more competent oocytes and embryos and will enhance ART efficiency in humans. At the end of this article, we propose 2 theoretical approaches to induce the emergence of a follicular wave in women: (1) a mechanical strategy by aspiration of the dominant follicle and (2) a pharmacological strategy by administering estradiol and progesterone.
Assuntos
Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Animais , Bovinos , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Ciclo Menstrual , Oócitos/fisiologia , Folículo Ovariano/diagnóstico por imagem , Ovário/diagnóstico por imagem , Indução da Ovulação/veterinária , Progesterona/administração & dosagem , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/tendências , Sucção , Fatores de Tempo , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
A utilização de gonadotrofinas exógenas na indução da puberdade e sincronização do estro e ovulação é uma prática que influencia positivamente no manejo das marrãs, para a mais efetiva e econômica inclusão no plantel de matrizes em Sistemas Intensivos de Produção de Suínos. No entanto, poucos estudos têm sido desenvolvidos com a finalidade de avaliar o grau de sincronização do estro seguinte à indução da puberdade. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi, justamente, o de verificar a taxa de sincronização do estro subseqüente à puberdade induzida hormonalmente, e a comparação das características dos estros, induzido e subseqüente a este. Sessenta e seis leitoas pré-púberes tiveram a puberdade induzida através de combinação hormonal utilizando gonadotrofinas (eCG e LH) aos 145 dias de idade em média. Das 66 fêmeas que iniciaram o experimento, 35 (53,03%) apresentaram cio até sete dias após a aplicação do LH, e 40 (60,60%) das 66 fêmeas tiveram o estro subseqüente sincronizado, ou seja, até o 25° dia após a aplicação do LH. Vinte e seis (39,39%) fêmeas manifestaram o primeiro e segundo cios. As 26 (39,39%) leitoas que não manifestaram o 2° cio de maneira sincronizada foram abatidas, sendo que 15 apresentaram corpos lúteos e/ou corpos albicans e 11 não apresentaram as estruturas mencionadas anteriormente, sendo consideradas imaturas. Não houve diferença significativa da duração do cio na puberdade com o cio subseqüente (P>0,05), tampouco da dispersão dos mesmos.(AU)
The utilization of exogenous gonadotropins in the puberty induction and estrus/ovulation synchronization is a management that influence positive1y gilts handle, to the better effectiveness and economic inclusion of gilts in the Intensive Swine Production System herd. However, few researches have been deve10ped to evaluate the subsequent estrus synchronization after puberty induction. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the subsequent estrus synchronization after the hormonal puberty induction and to evaluate the inducted and the following one estrus characteristics. Sixty six prepubertal gilts had their puberty inducted by a hormonal combination using gonadotropins (eCG and LH) at 145 days old, in average. A total of 35 (52,03%) of the 66 initially gilts showed estrus up to seven days after LH administration, and 40 (60,60%) had the subsequent estrus synchronized (synchronization was defined as the gilts which showed estrus up to day 25 after LH administration). Twenty six gilts (39,39%) showed the first and second estrus. The 26 (39,39%) remaining gilts that didn't show the second estrus synchronized were slaughtered, which 15 presented corpus albicans and/or corpora lutea and 11 were considered immature because they didn't present any structure mentioned above in the ovaries. There was no significant difference between the puberty estrus duration and the subsequent estrus duration (P>0,05), neither their dispersion.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Gonadotropinas/efeitos adversos , Sincronização do Estro/métodos , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , SuínosRESUMO
A utilização de gonadotrofinas exógenas na indução da puberdade e sincronização do estro e ovulação é uma prática que influencia positivamente no manejo das marrãs, para a mais efetiva e econômica inclusão no plantel de matrizes em Sistemas Intensivos de Produção de Suínos. No entanto, poucos estudos têm sido desenvolvidos com a finalidade de avaliar o grau de sincronização do estro seguinte à indução da puberdade. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi, justamente, o de verificar a taxa de sincronização do estro subseqüente à puberdade induzida hormonalmente, e a comparação das características dos estros, induzido e subseqüente a este. Sessenta e seis leitoas pré-púberes tiveram a puberdade induzida através de combinação hormonal utilizando gonadotrofinas (eCG e LH) aos 145 dias de idade em média. Das 66 fêmeas que iniciaram o experimento, 35 (53,03%) apresentaram cio até sete dias após a aplicação do LH, e 40 (60,60%) das 66 fêmeas tiveram o estro subseqüente sincronizado, ou seja, até o 25° dia após a aplicação do LH. Vinte e seis (39,39%) fêmeas manifestaram o primeiro e segundo cios. As 26 (39,39%) leitoas que não manifestaram o 2° cio de maneira sincronizada foram abatidas, sendo que 15 apresentaram corpos lúteos e/ou corpos albicans e 11 não apresentaram as estruturas mencionadas anteriormente, sendo consideradas imaturas. Não houve diferença significativa da duração do cio na puberdade com o cio subseqüente (P>0,05), tampouco da dispersão dos mesmos.
The utilization of exogenous gonadotropins in the puberty induction and estrus/ovulation synchronization is a management that influence positive1y gilts handle, to the better effectiveness and economic inclusion of gilts in the Intensive Swine Production System herd. However, few researches have been deve10ped to evaluate the subsequent estrus synchronization after puberty induction. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the subsequent estrus synchronization after the hormonal puberty induction and to evaluate the inducted and the following one estrus characteristics. Sixty six prepubertal gilts had their puberty inducted by a hormonal combination using gonadotropins (eCG and LH) at 145 days old, in average. A total of 35 (52,03%) of the 66 initially gilts showed estrus up to seven days after LH administration, and 40 (60,60%) had the subsequent estrus synchronized (synchronization was defined as the gilts which showed estrus up to day 25 after LH administration). Twenty six gilts (39,39%) showed the first and second estrus. The 26 (39,39%) remaining gilts that didn't show the second estrus synchronized were slaughtered, which 15 presented corpus albicans and/or corpora lutea and 11 were considered immature because they didn't present any structure mentioned above in the ovaries. There was no significant difference between the puberty estrus duration and the subsequent estrus duration (P>0,05), neither their dispersion.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gonadotropinas/administração & dosagem , Gonadotropinas/efeitos adversos , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Suínos , Sincronização do Estro/métodosRESUMO
The use of exogenous gonadotrophins in puberty inducement and ovulation synchronization is a technique that has a positive influence on the management of swine. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of a second gonadotrophin treatment [equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and luteinizing hormone (LH), intramuscularly (i.m.)] upon the second oestrus synchronization and fertility in gilts. Seventy-one NAIMA (Pen Ar Lan) gilts had their first oestrus (puberty inducement) induced by a hormonal treatment (eCG and LH). Then, they were randomly distributed into two treatments, with (T1) and without (C) gonadotrophin treatment at the second oestrus. The animals were fed with a single ration (16% of crude protein and 3286.73 kcal ME/kg), and timed artificial insemination performed at the second oestrus. Gilts were slaughtered for embryo recovery and ovary examination about 5 days after insemination. There was no evidence of a difference in the percentage of the second oestrus expression (T1 - 90.90% and C - 86.84%), the duration of the oestrus cycle (T1 - 19.62 +/- 0.82 days and C - 19.67 +/- 4.14 days), the percentage of follicular cysts (T1 - 15.15% and C - 18.42%) and number of ovulations (T1 - 14.60 +/- 5.7 and C - 13.23 +/- 4.8) between treatments (p > 0.05). However, the hormonal treatment (T1) showed minor oestrus dispersion and embryo viability (T1 - 8.4 +/- 5.6 and C - 11.2 +/- 4.6) (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the better synchronization and expression of the second oestrus when using gonadotrophins (eCG and LH) is followed by a lower embryo viability, which is probably the consequence of the heterogeneous follicle recruitment during the injection of eCG.