RESUMO
The therapeutic approaches for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus rely most on the usage of oral hypoglycaemic drugs. These drugs have adverse side effects and hence alternative medicines are continuously explored. The present study intends to investigate the antidiabetic potential of the flavonoids present in Gracilaria corticata. The flavonoids were isolated (FEGC) and their inhibitory activity on the carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase was analysed. The flavonoids were found to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 302 µg and 75 µg respectively. The synergistic effect of FEGC and luteolin was also investigated and the results show that both FEGC and luteolin inhibited synergistically at half their IC50 values. The observations of this study reveal that the flavonoids of G. corticata have potential antidiabetic activity and can act independently or synergistically in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Assuntos
Gracilaria/classificação , Rodófitas/efeitos adversos , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Glucosidases/farmacologia , Amilases/efeitos adversos , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
Se plantea que debido a la heterogeneidad patogénica de la diabetes mellitus no insulino, se debe considerar que diferentes agentes farmacológicos serán necesarios para tratar con éxito la enfermedad, por lo cual se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de las líneas de tratamiento actuales y en perspectivas para esta compleja entidad. Las modalidades terpéuticas actuales incluyen 5 grupos de agentes esenciales: los inhibidores de las alfaglucosidasas intestinales, las sulfonilureas, las biguanidas, la insulina y el recién incorporado grupo de las tiazolidinedionas, que si se utilizan en los comienzos de la enfermedad o en pacientes con resistencia insulínica, pudieran retrasar o prevenir el desarrollo de ésta, y pueden interferir en la reducción progresiva de la función pancreática. Se expone un grupo importante de agentes farmacológicos, así como sus posibles mecanismos de acción, sobre los cuales se ha estado investigando, para ampliar e incrementar la terapéutica de la diabetes, entre los que se encuentran los análogos de la insulina, los agentes insulinomiméticos y los preparados orales de insulina, los agentes insulinotrópicos no sulfonilureas, los análogos de la amilina, los péptidos similares al glucagón, los antagonistas alfa-2 adrenérgicos, los moduladores del metabolismo de la glucosa y algunas sustancias de origen vegetal con posibles efectos hipoglucémicos
Assuntos
alfa-Glucosidases/antagonistas & inibidores , alfa-Glucosidases/farmacologia , Biguanidas/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Glucosidases/farmacologia , Insulina , Compostos de Sulfonilureia/farmacologia , Tiazóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
Whole cells or cell walls of the yeastlike and mycelial forms of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum were treated successively with sodium hydroxide, beta-1,3-glucanase and pronase. The microfibrils in the insoluble residues, probably composed of chitin, were examined in the electron microscope. In the yeastlike form, tightly interwoven, randomly oriented microfibrils were seen. On the other hand, in the mycelial form, a large portion of microfibrils tended to lie in a more or less longitudinal orientation. A role of chitin in the conversion from the yeastlike form to the mycelial form is discussed.
Assuntos
Blastomyces/ultraestrutura , Fungos/ultraestrutura , Histoplasma/ultraestrutura , Paracoccidioides/ultraestrutura , Blastomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Parede Celular/ultraestrutura , Glucana 1,3-beta-Glucosidase , Glucosidases/farmacologia , Histoplasma/efeitos dos fármacos , Paracoccidioides/efeitos dos fármacos , Pronase/farmacologia , Hidróxido de Sódio/farmacologiaRESUMO
A polysaccharide protein complex (PPC) with a high specificity in immunodiffusion in gel (IDG) was isolated from a Histoplasma capsulatum strain. Although unaffected by proteolytic enzymes (pronase) and heat, the PPC antigen activity was destroyed by beta-glucosidase. These results suggest that the specificity of the PPC antigen might be located in the polysaccharide fraction. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the PPC antigen gave only one brand detected by Schiff's reagent (PAS).