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J Biol Chem ; 296: 100375, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33548227

RESUMO

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged during the last months of 2019, spreading throughout the world as a highly transmissible infectious illness designated as COVID-19. Vaccines have now appeared, but the challenges in producing sufficient material and distributing them around the world means that effective treatments to limit infection and improve recovery are still urgently needed. This review focuses on the relevance of different glycobiological molecules that could potentially serve as or inspire therapeutic tools during SARS-CoV-2 infection. As such, we highlight the glycobiology of the SARS-CoV-2 infection process, where glycans on viral proteins and on host glycosaminoglycans have critical roles in efficient infection. We also take notice of the glycan-binding proteins involved in the infective capacity of virus and in human defense. In addition, we critically evaluate the glycobiological contribution of candidate drugs for COVID-19 therapy such as glycans for vaccines, anti-glycan antibodies, recombinant lectins, lectin inhibitors, glycosidase inhibitors, polysaccharides, and numerous glycosides, emphasizing some opportunities to repurpose FDA-approved drugs. For the next-generation drugs suggested here, biotechnological engineering of new probes to block the SARS-CoV-2 infection might be based on the essential glycobiological insight on glycosyltransferases, glycans, glycan-binding proteins, and glycosidases related to this pathology.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Reposicionamento de Medicamentos , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/uso terapêutico , Glicosiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/química , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/virologia , Desenho de Fármacos , Descoberta de Drogas , Expressão Gênica , Glicômica/métodos , Glicosaminoglicanos/química , Glicosaminoglicanos/imunologia , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Glicosiltransferases/química , Glicosiltransferases/genética , Glicosiltransferases/imunologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Humanos , Lectinas/química , Lectinas/imunologia , Lectinas/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/imunologia , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/química , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais , Proteínas Virais/química , Proteínas Virais/genética , Proteínas Virais/imunologia
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