RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasites (IPs) are widely distributed worldwide and are one of the major contributors to gastrointestinal disease. Their prevalence is associated with poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of IPs, including soil-transmitted helminths (STH), and their relation to socioeconomic characteristics, as well as a first approach to molecularly characterize the types of Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba histolytica present in an indigenous community from Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural settlement of Fortin Mbororé between January and March 2018. Socioeconomic variables, household characteristics, and stool and blood samples were collected. Standard coprological techniques were used to analyze stool samples, and a complete hemogram was performed on the blood samples. Giardia intestinalis microscopy-positive samples were genetically typed by the ß-giardin (bg) gene. Molecular identification of Blastocystis spp. subtypes and E. histolytica were carried out by amplification and sequencing of a partial fragment of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of IPs was 92.7%, with 72.0% specifically for hookworm. IPs were significantly more prevalent in preschool- and school-age children (P < 0.05). No formal education (P = 0.035), the presence of unimproved floors (P = 0.001) and overcrowding (P = 0.005) were significantly associated with IP infection. Hookworm was associated with anemia (P = 0.019). Molecular characterization revealed the presence of E. histolytica sub-assemblages AII (12.5%), AIII (87.5%) and BIV (100%); one case of sub-assemblage D for G. intestinalis; and the presence of subtypes ST1 (14.8%), ST2 (14.8%) and ST3 (70.4%) of Blastocystis spp. CONCLUSIONS: Protozoans detected in this study are transmitted mainly through water contaminated with fecal matter, evidencing the need to improve the quality of water and sanitation for the inhabitants of Fortín Mbororé. Molecular characterization showed that domestic animals can be implicated in the zoonotic transmission of G. intestinalis and Blastocystis spp. to humans. A hyperendemic area for STH was found, with hookworm prevalence greater than 50%. Therefore, improvements in WASH as well as mass deworming programs need to be implemented in this area to control and decrease the prevalence of IPs in general and STH in particular.
Assuntos
Infecções por Blastocystis/epidemiologia , Blastocystis/genética , Entamoeba histolytica/genética , Entamebíase/epidemiologia , Giardia lamblia/genética , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Infecções por Blastocystis/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Entamebíase/sangue , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Giardíase/sangue , Humanos , Lactente , Enteropatias Parasitárias/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AbstractMore than 2 billion people are infected with parasites globally, and the majority have coinfections. Intestinal protozoa and helminths induce polarizing CD4+ T-helper cell 1 (Th1) mediated cytokine responses within the host. Such immune polarization may inhibit the ability of the host to mount an adequate immune response for pathogen clearance to concurrent pathogens. The current study evaluated the plasma cytokine profile in Ascaris and Giardia coinfected children compared with Giardia- and Ascaris-only infected children. Fecal samples and blood samples were collected from asymptomatic 3-year-old children living in the district of Quininde, Ecuador. Stool samples that tested positive for Giardia lamblia-only, Ascaris lumbricoides-only, or G. lamblia and A. lumbricoides coinfections were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Plasma samples from the study subjects were used to quantitate cytokines. A total of 39 patients were evaluated. Children with coinfection had a significant decrease in Th1 cytokine production, interleukin 2 (IL-2) (P < 0.05), IL-12 (P < 0.05), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (P < 0.05) compared with Giardia-only infected children. Coinfected children had an increase in IL-10/interferon gamma (IFN-γ) ratio compared with uninfected (P < 0.05) and Ascaris alone (P < 0.05). The increased IL-10/IFN-γ ratio in the setting of decreased Th1 cytokine response indicates Th2 polarization in the coinfected group. Reduced Th1 cytokines in children coinfected with Ascaris and Giardia may impair the host's ability to eradicate Giardia infection leading to chronic giardiasis.
Assuntos
Ascaríase/epidemiologia , Ascaríase/imunologia , Ascaris lumbricoides/isolamento & purificação , Coinfecção/imunologia , Giardia lamblia/isolamento & purificação , Giardíase/imunologia , Animais , Ascaríase/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Pré-Escolar , Coinfecção/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Equador , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Giardíase/sangue , Humanos , Interferon gama/sangue , Interleucina-10/sangue , Interleucina-12/sangue , Interleucina-2/sangue , Masculino , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Guatemala is a country with the highest prevalence of stunting in under-5 children in the Americas, with a national average of 49.8%. Asymptomatic intestinal colonization with Giardia intestinalis is common in Guatemalan preschoolers and has been implicated as a factor in linear growth retardation. The potential mechanisms of any giardiasis-growth interaction have not been exhaustively explored. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to describe urine oxidative stress biomarkers and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity, and to explore any association with prevalence or intensity of G intestinalis infection in preschoolers attending 3 government-subsidized day care centers in the Guatemalan Western Highlands. METHODS: Samples of feces, urine, and red blood cell (RBC) hemolysate were collected in a total of 74 preschoolers enrolled in 3 day care centers. Giardia prevalence and a proxy index for intensity were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urinary biomarkers of oxidative damage to DNA (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) and to lipid (F2t 15-Isoprostane [F2-Iso]) were measured by ELISA. The erythrocyte activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured by respective spectroscopic substrate-based reaction assays. RESULTS: Median values of RBC CAT activity (Pâ=â0.016) and urine F2-Iso (Pâ=â0.023) differed between children who were positive (nâ=â39) and negative (nâ=â35) for Giardia. Similarly, G intestinalis intensity was significantly and positively associated with urinary F2-Iso (râ=â0.446, Pâ<â0.001), RBC SOD (râ=â283, Pâ=â0.014), and RBC CAT (râ=â0.260, Pâ=â0.025). CONCLUSION: The optical density reading of the fecal ELISA assay for G intestinalis has potential as a proxy for the intensity of infestation. In this respect, there exists an association of this intensity with indicators of the systemic oxidation.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Criança , Serviços de Saúde da Criança , Pré-Escolar , Demografia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Giardíase/sangue , Giardíase/urina , Guatemala/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , PrevalênciaRESUMO
The association of giardiasis with the malabsorption of zinc remains controversial. This study investigated changes in serum zinc levels in Giardia-infected mice subjected to different dietary zinc regimens. Thirty-five mice (strain C(3)H/H(e)J) were randomly categorized into two groups. The first group was inoculated with 5 × 10(6) Giardia trophozoites (n = 18), and the second group remained Giardia free (n = 17). Each group (Giardia infected and Giardia free) was randomly classified into three subgroups and given low (9 mg Zn/kg), normal (33 mg Zn/kg), and high levels (288 mg Zn/kg) of dietary zinc over a 2-week period for acclimation. Fourteen days post-Giardia infection, all of the mice were euthanized and blood samples were collected. The number of trophozoites was quantified (hematocytometer), and serum zinc levels were determined via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Significant increases in the median weights were only found in the Giardia-free mice (p < 0.05). A higher final median weight was found in the Giardia-free group when compared with that of the Giardia-infected group given low dietary zinc (p = 0.013). In the Giardia-infected group with low dietary zinc, the geometric mean of trophozoites was 3,498 ± 101 (SE) per milliliter. The Giardia-infected group had lower serum zinc levels than did the Giardia-free group with the high dietary zinc regimens (p < 0.05). Our results are consistent with studies among human populations, but further studies are required to elucidate the actual mechanism governing the zinc-giardiasis interaction.
Assuntos
Dieta , Giardíase/sangue , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Animais , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Zinco/sangueRESUMO
We examined 364 school children for intestinal parasites in a sub-urban zone of Caracas, Venezuela. Giardia intestinalis was the most prevalent parasite in stool samples from 34 children. Levels of IgA and IgG antibodies to G. intestinalis were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot before and after treatment with secnidazole. All patients were cured with a reduction of IgA antibody levels in 26 of 34 children and a reduction in IgG-specific antibody levels in 18 of 34 children. Serum of infected patients reacted with proteins of 14 kD to 137 kD. Some patients did not show a change in IgA serum reactivity for parasite proteins by Western blot after treatment. Seventeen children showed reduction of the reactivity or disappearance of protein reactivity (mainly the 14-kD, 122-kD, and 137-kD proteins). Antibody response was not related to clinical status, but quantitative and qualitative serum antibody response against G. intestinalis infection could be used to assess levels of new protein markers that decrease or disappear with successful chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Giardia lamblia/imunologia , Giardíase/tratamento farmacológico , Giardíase/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Metronidazol/análogos & derivados , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Diarreia/parasitologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Giardíase/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , População Suburbana , Resultado do Tratamento , VenezuelaRESUMO
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a randomised sample of 405 children aged 6-71 months in Brazil to investigate the association between nutritional status, environmental and socio-economic factors and Giardialamblia infection. Data collection entailed an interview, anthropometric measurements and the collection of faeces and venous blood samples. The analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence rate for G. lamblia was 26.3%. Nutritional status evaluation showed that 7.9% of the children had chronic malnutrition and 11.1% had acute malnutrition. The risk factors associated with infection by G. lamblia were an age of 2 years or older [odds ratio (OR)=2.4], living in a two-bedroom house or smaller (OR=2.3), living among a family of five or more people (OR=2.4) and living in a house without access to a sewerage system (OR=2.1). Non-participation in the social service programme was associated with a lower risk of infection (OR=0.2). The model adjusted for age, including only biochemical and nutritional variables, showed weak associations with G. lamblia infection for two variables: inadequate animal protein intake according to the Dietary Reference Intake recommendation and low haemoglobin concentration. The sociodemographic and environmental risk factors classically described were associated with G. lamblia infection, but nutritional variables were only weakly associated with it.
Assuntos
Fezes/parasitologia , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Antropometria , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Giardíase/sangue , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Desnutrição/sangue , Prevalência , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
We conducted a cross-sectional study in northwest Mexico in order to investigate the association between giardiasis and serum vitamin A in 40 Giardia-infected and 70 Giardia-free schoolchildren who were covered by a regional school breakfast program. There were no significant differences in age, Z-scores for nutritional indices of height for age, weight for age, or weight for height, socioeconomic conditions (employment and education of the parents, household conditions, sanitation facilities, type of drinking water, and family income), and mean daily intakes of vitamin A in the Giardia-free (899 +/- 887 microg) and the Giardia-infected (711 +/- 433 microg) groups. A higher concentration of serum retinol was found in the Giardia-free group than in the Giardia-infected group (0.75 micromol/L versus 0.61 micromol/L, respectively; p < 0.0001). Giardia-infected children were more likely to be vitamin A-deficient than the Giardia-free children (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.2-8.5). Although 95% of the children met the daily-recommended intakes of vitamin A, half of them showed subclinical vitamin A deficiency. It is recognized that vitamin A deficiency is multifactorial and giardiasis was a factor significantly associated with this deficiency in this study. Mexican program developers and policymakers should be aware about the distinction between dietary deficiencies and deficiency diseases when current national program strategies for parasitic control and vitamin A supplementation are redesigned.
Assuntos
Giardia lamblia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Giardíase/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina A/microbiologia , Vitamina A/sangue , Animais , Antropometria , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Deficiência de Vitamina A/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina A/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The blood concentrations of haemoglobin were investigated in 82 children aged 2-9 years. Fifty-seven (31 boys and 26 girls) were stool-positive for Giardia intestinalis but the other 25, used as controls, were negative. The mean (S.D.) haemoglobin concentration among the infected children was significantly lower pre-treatment than that for the control group [11.6 (1.2) v. 12.6 (1.5) g/dl; P < 0.05]. Treatment of the infected children with a single oral dose of secnidazole (30 mg/kg) led to a significant increase in their mean haemoglobin level 15 days later, from 11.6 (1.2) g/dl pre-treatment to 12.4 (1.2) g/dl post-treatment (P < 0.05). The results indicate that the therapeutic control of giardiasis could be important in programmes to combat anaemia in children living in endemic areas.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Giardíase/tratamento farmacológico , Hemoglobinas/análise , Metronidazol/análogos & derivados , Anemia/sangue , Anemia/etiologia , Anemia/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Giardíase/sangue , Giardíase/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that there may be an association between infection by the intestinal protozoan Giardia lamblia and the expression of allergic disease. OBJECT: We evaluated a group of children who attended the Outpatient Clinic of the Children's Hospital in Caracas, Venezuela, a group in which both allergic disease and giardiasis were common. METHODS: We performed feces examination and measured total and specific serum IgE (immunoglobulin E) in these children. RESULTS: We found that 70% of the children infected with G. lamblia presented symptoms of allergy, in contrast to 43% of the non-Giardia parasitized group (P <.05). In addition, the G. lamblia parasitized children showed significantly higher levels of total serum IgE (1194 IU/mL) than the non-Giardia group (822 IU/mL) (P <.005). Children infected with G. lamblia showed higher levels of specific serum IgE antibody against food allergens compared both with the non-parasitized group (P <.0001) and children infected with parasites other than Giardia (P <.05). In contrast, IgE responses against the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were similar in all the groups studied. CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal a clear relationship between giardiasis and allergy, possibly because infection by this protozoon enhances sensitization towards food antigens, due to increased antigen penetration through damaged intestinal mucosa.
Assuntos
Giardíase/epidemiologia , Giardíase/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/parasitologia , Giardíase/sangue , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/parasitologia , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Masculino , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/parasitologia , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Ate este momento poucos relatos de alteracoes hematologicas causadas pela Giardia lamblia tem sido descritos. Procuramos entao avaliar alguns pacientes infectados exclusivamente por G. lamblia (n=55), provenientes do Hospital Universitario, comparando-os com pacientes, pareados por sexo e idade, sem nenhum parasitismo (n=55), Foram avaliados: volume corpuscular medio (VCM), niveis de hemoglobina e contagem absoluta e relativa de eosinofilos e linfocitos. Nao foram observadas diferencas significativas entre os valores medios de VCM, niveis de hemoglubina e contagem absoluta e relativa de linfocitos para os dois grupos estudados...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Eosinofilia/parasitologia , Giardíase/patologia , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Seguimentos , Giardíase/complicações , Giardíase/diagnóstico , Giardíase/sangueRESUMO
Up to now few reports about haematological alterations induced by Giardia lamblia infection have been described. Because there are questions on this matter still not answered, we carried out a study to evaluate some erythrometric and leucometric parameters in a sample that consisted of 55 patients exclusively infected with G. lamblia and of 55 sex and age matched parasite-free individuals. The haematological parameters evaluated were: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin concentration, and relative and absolute number of eosinophils and lymphocytes. No significant differences in the mean values of MCV, hemoglobin levels and absolute relative lymphocyte numbers between the two groups could be detected. When the giardiasis and control groups were separated by pediatric (0-18 years old) and adult (older than 18 years) classes, a very significant difference in both relative and absolute number of eosinophils in the adult class was observed. With respect of the pediatric class, no differences, either in relative and absolute number of eosinophils, could be observed. Our findings suggest that, during G. lamblia infection, some kind of parasite allergen(s) could be secreted and be responsible for the increasing of eosinophil counts in peripheral blood of adults.
Assuntos
Giardíase/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Eosinófilos , Índices de Eritrócitos , Feminino , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Lactente , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Se informa de los hallazgos clínicos y hematológicos (hemoglobina, hierro, ferritina, capacidad total de saturación de transferrina, CST, índice de saturación de transferrina) registrados en 100 niños parasitados por Giardia lamblia. Las manifestaciones relativas a la parasitosis no fueron diferentes a lo ya descrito, pero se observó que 20 por ciento de los niños exhibían signos clínicos relacionados con anemia. Los niños se separaron en dos grupos: grupo A, con 20 niños (hemoglobina menor de 11 g/dL) y grupo B, con 80 pacientes (hemoglobina mayor de 11g/dL). El coeficiente de correlación entre el hierro y la ferritina fue negativo para ambos grupos (r=-0.128) y (r=-0.000103). Lo cual sugiere que la concentración de ferritina no es buen indicador de depósitos de hierro en pacientes con giardiasis. Las medianas de los grupos, A y B, se compararon con la prueba de Mann-Withney no encontrando diferencias significativas con respecto a hierro y ferritina. Seis niños, del grupo B se encontraban en el estadio II de la hipoferremia, en ello no hubo cambios significativos en las mediciones tomadas tres meses después. En nueve niños (9 por ciento) se encontró ferritina mayor de 50 µg/dL que puediera sugerir comportamiento al igual que la proteína C reactiva(au)
Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Hemoglobinas/análise , Giardíase/fisiopatologia , Giardíase/sangue , Ferritinas , Ferro/sangue , Absorção IntestinalRESUMO
An open, randomized study was carried out with 100 children to compare the efficacy and security of albendazole and metronidazole to eradicate Giardia lamblia. We included 100 patients in primary school age with giardiasis confirmed by parasitoscopic test who had not received treatment during the 2 previous months. A complete clinical study was performed. By using an aleatory code, the children were distributed in 2 groups: A and B. The clinical data was corroborated and the following tests were made: cell blood count, blood chemistry, direct and concentrated coproparasitoscopic study. Both groups were given an antiparasite treatment consisting of albendazole for group A or metronidazole for group B. Clinical, parasitological and blood controls were conducted before, during and after the treatment. A therapeutic efficacy of 94% and 98% for group A and B, respectively, was found. We concluded that albendazole and metronidazole are equally effective in a 5 days treatment period, but some undesirable effects may occur with metronidazole.
Assuntos
Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Giardíase/tratamento farmacológico , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Albendazol/efeitos adversos , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Antropometria , Antiprotozoários/efeitos adversos , Criança , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/induzido quimicamente , Giardíase/sangue , Hematócrito , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/efeitos adversos , SegurançaRESUMO
To better understand the common association of Giardia lamblia infection and allergic reactivity, total and specific IgE values were evaluated and different manifestations of symptomatic and asymptomatic infected human hosts were analyzed. The humoral, cellular, and nonspecific immune responses were evaluated in Cuban adults. Increased total serum IgE levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in Giardia patients than in negative controls; cure of giardiasis was characterized by a decrease in IgE levels and some patients regained normal IgE values. The skin test was positive in 91% (103/123) of chronic patients and only in 23% (20/123) of negative controls (p < 0.05). A positive test was seen in patients with antecedents of recent giardiasis (< 4 months). Specific IgE was higher in patients than in control sera, and in the former it decreased with sera dilution. During the follow-up period of cured patients, the proportion of IgE decreased and the opposite occurred in noncured patients. The cellular response evaluated by LIF was positive in 92% (11/12) of carriers and significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in symptomatic patients 8% (1/12); the same occurred with IgG and IgA antibody response; titers mainly of IgA were higher in asymptomatic carriers than in patients; all carriers were negative to the skin test. These results indicate the presence of total and specific IgE responses in humans infected with Giardia, but the response in symptomatic cases (patients) is different from that in asymptomatic cases (carriers).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/biossíntese , Giardia lamblia , Giardíase/imunologia , Imunoglobulina E/biossíntese , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Giardíase/sangue , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Entamoeba histolytica--specific serum IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were assayed in cases of amoebiasis in an endemic area. Patient groups consisted of amoebic liver abscess (n = 18), pre abscess hepatic amoebiasis (n = 22) and amoebic colitis (n = 30). Control subjects comprised 26 asymptomatic cyst passers, 13 giardiasis cases, 20 typhoid patients and 24 non amoebic individuals. Serum IgG was assayed by ELISA: using a monoclonal anti IgG beta-galactosidase (IgG beta-gal) conjugate, a polyclonal avidin biotin horse radish peroxidase (AB-HRP) and a polyclonal anti IgG horse radish peroxidase (IgG HRP) conjugate. IgA and IgM were assayed by the beta-gal ELISA and IgE by AB-HRP. Diagnostically significant IgG and IgA while lower IgM and IgE levels were seen in extra intestinal cases. About 40% of suspected pre abscess hepatic amoebiasis cases were confirmed by antibody estimation. All isotype levels in most dysentery cases were in the range of the controls. Inter assay coefficient of variation and assay specificity/sensitivity are also discussed.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Disenteria Amebiana/imunologia , Entamoeba histolytica/imunologia , Imunoglobulinas/análise , Abscesso Hepático Amebiano/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Portador Sadio/sangue , Portador Sadio/imunologia , Disenteria Amebiana/sangue , Giardíase/sangue , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Enteropatias Parasitárias/sangue , Abscesso Hepático Amebiano/sangue , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Febre Tifoide/sangueRESUMO
A study was made of 20 rats infested by Giardia muris in which a histologic study was made of the liver, as well as of 25 patients with giardiasis and elevated alanine-aminotransferase levels. Patients with positive A or B hepatitis markers, cholelithiasis or history of drug or alcohol use were excluded. Tests of liver function and liver biopsy were performed and antiparasite therapy was given during three months of follow-up, after which the liver biopsy was repeated. Humoral alterations were compared to those of 30 patients with acute viral hepatitis (15 type A and 15 type B) over the same periods of time. In 20% of the rats, nonspecific liver lesions were found. In the patients liver enzymes and the thymol test normalized a month after treatment and serum bile acids became normal in the third month. The liver biopsy demonstrated hepatic damage in 94% of the patients (in 20 cases cell lesions and in 12 cases inflammatory lesions) which regressed in the third month, the follow-up biopsy being normal after eradication of the parasite was confirmed. The comparative study with viral hepatitis showed highly significant differences in all the variables studied during the follow-up stage. Emphasis is placed on the importance of this lesion and its differential diagnosis to prevent its progression to chronic liver disease.
Assuntos
Alanina Transaminase/análise , Fosfatase Alcalina/análise , Giardíase/enzimologia , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/enzimologia , Doença Aguda , Animais , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/sangue , Giardíase/sangue , Giardíase/patologia , Hepatite A/sangue , Hepatite A/enzimologia , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/enzimologia , Humanos , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/sangue , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/patologia , RatosRESUMO
Los informes contradictorios acerca de la asociación entre el grupo sanguíneo A y giardiasis, motivaron a los autores a investigar este problema en una muestra de 757 niños, de los cuales 385 tenían quistes de giardia en las heces. Por otro lado, se colectó la información que a este respecto existe en la literatura médica y se analizaron los datos empleando un procedimiento estadístico que ha sido sugerido para investigar la relación entre grupos sanguíneos y enfermedad. Los datos recabados y el análisis de la información obtenida en la literatura, permiten estimar que por cada 100 personas del grupo O con G. lamblia existen 143 del grupo A, es decir que el riesgo de enfermar en estos últimos es 43% más alto
Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos , Giardíase/sangue , Giardíase/epidemiologia , México , RiscoRESUMO
Se estudiaron 145 pacientes en edad pediátrica (entre cero y 18 años de edad) con giardiasis, a los que se les tipificó su grupo sanguíneo, encontrando predominio de frecuencia en el tipo O al distribuirlos por grupos sanguíneos, siguiendo el grupo sanguíneo A, luego B, y por último AB. Esto, al compararlo con el grupo control y ser analizados por xi2 resultaron no tener significancia estadística, lo que determina que, cuando menos en nuestro medio, no hay relación entre grupos sanguíneos en pacientes con giardiasis, por lo que estos resultados no coinciden con estudios similares previamente hechos