RESUMO
Con el propósito de conocer el estado nutricional de los niños con Hipertensión Portal, se realizó un estudio piloto en el Servicio de Gastroenterología Pediátrica y Nutrición del Hospital de Niños "Dr. Jorge Lizarraga" con un total de 29 niños con diagnóstico de Hipertensión Portal (3 intrahepáticas y 27 extraepáticas) y 30 niños sanos del grupo control. La edad, el sexo y el nivel socioeconómico, medido por Graffar fueron equivalentes. Se realizaron las siguientes mediciones antropométricas: Peso, talla, Pliegue Tricipital (PT) y Circunferencia Branquial Izquierda (CBI) y se calcularon los indicadores (Peso/Edad, Peso/Talla y Talla/Edad), además de la estratificación socioeconómica por Graffar. A los parámetros Talla/Edad y CIB se le calcularon Z-scores respectivos. Los dos grupos fueron comparables en edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. El grupo de pacientes con Hipertensión portal tuvo valores menores más no significativamente diferentes que los niños controles para el Z-score de la Talla/Edad (XñEE) (-094+0.34 vs -0.44ñ0.28) respectivamente. Para el Z-score de la CBI, los niños con Hipertensión Portal presentaron valores significativamente más bajos que los del grupo control: -1,19 ñ 0,15 vs -0,81ñ 0,21 (p<0,01) respectivamente. Al relacionar el z-score de la CIB con la edad se encontró una correlación negativa y significativa (r=0.480 p<0.05). Las diferencias encontradas entre el grupo control y los niños con Hipertensión Portal en su CBI y su correlación negativa con la edad sustentan un deterioro progresivo, de los indicadores de composición corporal en los pacientes con hipertensión portal, a medida que avanza la edad y por ende la enfermedad
Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Antropometria , Gastroenterologia/instrumentação , Hipertensão Portal/complicações , Circunferência Braquial , Estado Nutricional/fisiologiaRESUMO
EN los años 60 se efectuaron las primeras descripciones del láser de rubí y desde entonces este elemento llegó a ser parte integral en el armamentarium industrial y científico. Las aplicaciones del láser en Medicina fueron desde el principio, especialmente útiles en el tratamiento de las enfermedades oculares, y hacia los años 70 y 80 se iniciaron las aplicaciones en gastroenterología a partirr del tratamiento endoscópico terapéutico de casos de hemorragia digestiva (úlceras sangrantes, malformaciones arteriovenosas) y en la ablación paliativa de algunos tumores
Assuntos
Humanos , Gastroenterologia , Gastroenterologia/instrumentação , Gastroenterologia/tendências , Terapia a LaserRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a novel non-invasive and harmless biomagnetic technique to measure orocaecal transit time. DESIGN: A biomagnetic method was employed to measure orocaecal transit time in 26 healthy volunteers, 12 patients presumed to have rapid small intestine transit and six volunteers with slow intestinal transit induced by loperamide. Results were compared to those obtained with a standard H2 breath test performed simultaneously. METHODS: Subjects ingested a test meal consisting of a chocolate-flavoured custard (120 g, 120 kcal) containing 18 g of lactulose and 3 g of ferrite powder as a magnetic tracer. External measurements of the magnetic signal on the caecal area and determination of H2 concentrations on samples of end-expiratory air were performed at 5-10-min intervals for 4 h after test meal ingestion. RESULTS: The biomagnetic method yielded reliable values for orocaecal transit time in all healthy volunteers and 11 out of 12 patients with diarrhoea, whereas the H2 test was uninterpretable in two volunteers and five patients, because of either high fasting H2 levels or absolute lack of H2 excretion. Transit time values determined by the biomagnetic method (mean +/- SD = 93 +/- 32 min) were generally higher than those assessed by H2 breath analysis (77 +/- 22 min). Thus, although results obtained by the two methods were significantly correlated (R = 0.56, P < 0.01), calculated agreement between them was poor. Nevertheless, the two methods were equally effective in detecting both abnormally fast transit associated with diarrhoea and slow transit induced by loperamide. CONCLUSION: The simple and harmless biomagnetic technique for measuring orocaecal transit time is as effective as the H2 breath test in detecting abnormal transit rates, and may provide reliable measurements in circumstances where H2 breath profiles are uninterpretable.
Assuntos
Gastroenterologia/instrumentação , Trânsito Gastrointestinal , Magnetismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
For many years the liver and spleen scan has been the study more frequently used by nuclear medicine, however recent advances in the functional evaluztion of the liver through the use of newer isotopes, make the colloid scan less useful. The real progress in nuclear medicine occurs in 1982 with the introduction of the iminodiacetic derivatives (HIDA) tagged with 99mTc. The initial compounds have several important limitations such as the hepatic function and the bilirubin levels, that now with the most recent derivatives such as the mebromofenin (TMB) became less important. This compound has many advantages such as high hepatic concentration (98.1 percent), rapid excretion (ti/2:16 minutes) and great resistance to displacement by bilirubin (70 percent with levels above 20 mgpercent). All these reasons make TMB the ideal agent to study the hepatobiliary physiology. HIDA scan is the most reliable of all the imaging modalities available in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis with a sensitivity of 92-100 percent, and a specificity of 95-98 percent. The diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis is also simple by this method. Other indications of the HIDA scan is in the study of biliary obstructions, evaluation of biliodigestive anastomosis, biliary fistulas, hepato-biliary ruptures and congenital abnormalities such as choledochal cysts. One of the most important aspect of this technic, is the ability to study hepatic function through the use of the computer and special curves, that allows a direct evaluation of the different steps of hepatic function (uptake, excretion). The function of the transplanted liver can be evaluated this way, and modern Hepatology consider this modality as a very important diagnostic tool.