RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute toxicity testing were carried out the freshwater swamp shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense, as the model animal for the semiconductor applied metals (gallium, antimony, indium, cadmium, and copper) to evaluate if the species is an suitable experimental animal of pollution in aquatic ecosystem. RESULTS: The static renewal test method of acute lethal concentrations determination was used, and water temperature was maintained at 24.0 ± 0.5°C. Data of individual metal obtained from acute toxicity tests were determined using probit analysis method. The median lethal concentration (96-h LC50) of gallium, antimony, indium, cadmium, and copper for M. nipponense were estimated as 2.7742, 1.9626, 6.8938, 0.0539, and 0.0313 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing the toxicity tolerance of M. nipponense with other species which exposed to these metals, it is obviously that the M. nipponense is more sensitive than that of various other aquatic animals.
Assuntos
Antimônio/toxicidade , Cádmio/toxicidade , Cobre/toxicidade , Gálio/toxicidade , Índio/toxicidade , Palaemonidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Ecossistema , Água Doce , Dose Letal Mediana , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda , Poluição da Água , Qualidade da ÁguaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute toxicity testing were carried out the freshwater swamp shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense, as the model animal for the semiconductor applied metals (gallium, antimony, indium, cadmium, and copper) to evaluate if the species is an suitable experimental animal of pollution in aquatic ecosystem. RESULTS: The static renewal test method of acute lethal concentrations determination was used, and water temperature was maintained at 24.0 ± 0.5°C. Data of individual metal obtained from acute toxicity tests were determined using probit analysis method. The median lethal concentration (96-h LC50) of gallium, antimony, indium, cadmium, and copper for M. nipponense were estimated as 2.7742, 1.9626, 6.8938, 0.0539, and 0.0313 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing the toxicity tolerance of M. nipponense with other species which exposed to these metals, it is obviously that the M. nipponense is more sensitive than that of various other aquatic animals.
Assuntos
Animais , Antimônio/toxicidade , Cádmio/toxicidade , Cobre/toxicidade , Gálio/toxicidade , Índio/toxicidade , Palaemonidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Ecossistema , Água Doce , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda , Poluição da Água , Qualidade da ÁguaRESUMO
An in vitro cell culture model of human gingival fibroblasts and L-929 cells was used to measure the cytotoxicity of currently used root canal sealers Endomet, CRCS, and AH26 and root-end filling materials Amalgam, Gallium GF2, Ketac Silver, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and Super-EBA. Cytotoxic effects were assessed using the MTT assay for mitochondrial enzyme activity and the CV assay for cell numbers. Using inserts culture and L-929 fibroblasts. All-Bond-2 was also evaluated. The statistical analysis of results showed that CRCS was the least cytotoxic sealer followed by Endomet and AH26. Among root-end filling materials, MTA was not cytotoxic; Gallium GF2 displayed little cytotoxicity; and Ketac Silver, Super-EBA, and Amalgam showed higher levels of cytotoxicity. All Bond-2 also displayed a high degree of cytotoxicity. CRCS was the best root canal sealer and MTA the best root-end filling material. The outcome was favorable also for Gallium GF2 as a retrofilling material.
Assuntos
Resinas Epóxi , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Gengiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/toxicidade , Ligas/toxicidade , Compostos de Alumínio/toxicidade , Análise de Variância , Animais , Bismuto/toxicidade , Compostos de Cálcio/toxicidade , Hidróxido de Cálcio/toxicidade , Células Cultivadas , Cimentos Cermet/toxicidade , Ligas Dentárias/toxicidade , Adesivos Dentinários/toxicidade , Combinação de Medicamentos , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Gálio/toxicidade , Gengiva/citologia , Humanos , Células L , Metacrilatos/toxicidade , Metenamina/toxicidade , Camundongos , Óxidos/toxicidade , Obturação Retrógrada , Silicatos/toxicidade , Prata/toxicidade , Titânio/toxicidade , Óxido de Zinco/toxicidade , Cimento de Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol/toxicidadeRESUMO
The capacity of Al3+-related cations (Sc3+, Ga3+, In3+, Be2+, Y3+, and La3+) to promote membrane rigidification and lateral phase separation was evaluated in liposomes containing zwitterionic (phosphatidylcholine, PC) and negatively charged (phosphatidylserine, PS) phospholipids. These effects were correlated with the capacity of the ions to stimulate Fe2+-supported lipid peroxidation. A13+, Sc3+, Ga3+, In3+, Be2+, Y3+, and La3+ (50-200 microM) increased the order parameter of the fluorescent probe 1,3-diphenylhexatriene incorporated in PC:PS membranes. In addition, the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of spin-labeled fatty acids indicated a reduction in lipid motion induced by Sc3+, Y3+, and La3+. The effect was found to extend down to carbon 16 on the acyl chain. The ions (10-200 microM) were also able to induce lateral phase separation, as evaluated from the increase in fluorescence quenching of the probe 2-(6-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)dodecanoyl-1-hexadec anoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The ability of the ions to alter membrane lipid packing and induce lateral phase separation correlated in a positive manner (r2 = 0.91 and 0.90, respectively) with their capacity to stimulate the production of Fe2+-initiated 2-thiobarbituric-reactive species, a measure of lipid peroxidation. These results show that Al3+-related metal ions cause membrane rigidification and phase separation, which could affect membrane-related processes. The results support the hypothesis that ions without redox capacity can stimulate Fe2+-initiated lipid peroxidation by increasing lipid packing and by promoting the formation of rigid clusters. Both processes will bring phospholipid acyl chains closer together, thus favoring the propagation step of lipid peroxidation.
Assuntos
Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipídeos de Membrana/química , Metais/toxicidade , Alumínio/toxicidade , Animais , Berílio/toxicidade , Cátions/química , Cátions/toxicidade , Espectroscopia de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônica , Gálio/toxicidade , Técnicas In Vitro , Índio/toxicidade , Lipossomos , Fluidez de Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Metais/química , Estrutura Molecular , Escândio/toxicidade , Termodinâmica , Ítrio/toxicidadeRESUMO
En una paciente de 47 años con fiebre persistente y sin signos clínicos o bioquímicos del lugar de origen de la misma, se realizó un estudio centellográfico con citrato de galio-67 para pesquizar posibles focos ocultos de infección. El estudio mostró únicamente captación del radionucleido en ambos riñones en forma difusa e intensa. La biopsia renal mostró AIN. La paciente había recibido previamente ampicilina oral durante 7 días y no presentaba signos clínicos o de laboratorio que hicieran sospechar la lesión renal. Luego de la administración de esteroides la fiebre desapareció y hubo cambios significativos en un nuevo centellograma con galio-67. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Gálio/toxicidade , Nefrite Intersticial/diagnósticoRESUMO
En una paciente de 47 años con fiebre persistente y sin signos clínicos o bioquímicos del lugar de origen de la misma, se realizó un estudio centellográfico con citrato de galio-67 para pesquizar posibles focos ocultos de infección. El estudio mostró únicamente captación del radionucleido en ambos riñones en forma difusa e intensa. La biopsia renal mostró AIN. La paciente había recibido previamente ampicilina oral durante 7 días y no presentaba signos clínicos o de laboratorio que hicieran sospechar la lesión renal. Luego de la administración de esteroides la fiebre desapareció y hubo cambios significativos en un nuevo centellograma con galio-67.