RESUMO
This study evaluated the effects of different anti-TNFalpha strategies on the nociceptive and inflammatory responses triggered by formalin in the rat orofacial region. Formalin injection (2.5%) into the right upper lip caused a nociceptive response that was biphasic, with the first phase observed between 0 and 3 min and the second phase between 12 and 30 min. Plasma extravasation induced by formalin was time-related and reached the peak at 360 min. The monoclonal antibody anti-TNFalpha (25 and 50 pg/lip) significantly inhibited the second phase of formalin-induced nociceptive behavior, while the first phase remained unaltered. The systemic treatment with the chimeric anti-TNFalpha antibody infliximab also caused a significant inhibition of the second phase. Interestingly, the local administration of infliximab (50 pg/lip) produced a significant reduction of both phases of formalin-induced nociception. In addition, the systemic pretreatment with the preferential inhibitor of TNFalpha synthesis thalidomide (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o) promoted a marked reduction of the first and second phases of formalin-evoked nociception. The local administration of the monoclonal antibody anti-TNFalpha (25 and 50 pg/lip) or infliximab (50 pg/lip) markedly reduced the plasma extravasation induced by formalin. Otherwise, formalin-elicited plasma extravasation was not significantly affected by the systemic administration of either infliximab (1 mg/kg; s.c) or thalidomide (50 mg/kg, p.o). Present data suggest that blocking TNFalpha effects, through different pharmacological tools, could represent a good alternative to control orofacial inflammatory pain that is refractory to other drugs.
Assuntos
Dor Facial/induzido quimicamente , Dor Facial/patologia , Formaldeído/toxicidade , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Dor Facial/psicologia , Formaldeído/administração & dosagem , Formaldeído/farmacocinética , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Inflamação/patologia , Infliximab , Injeções , Lábio , Masculino , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Talidomida/uso terapêutico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologiaRESUMO
O formaldeído é um medicamento usado na prática odontológica desde o século XVIII. Ele foi um dos agentes medicamentosos mais usados na Odontologia, ao se tratar de terapêutica pulpar. Porém, apesar de apresentar alto índice de sucesso clínico e radiográfico, têm-se dado atenção especial para as propriedades tóxicas deste material. O presente artigo visa revisar a ação do formaldeído sobre os tecidos dentários, enfatizando os aspectos citotóxicos e antimicrobianos, considerando sua ação sobre cultura de células e de bactérias, em diferentes concentrações, e seus efeitos mutagênicos e carcinogênicos. Pode-se concluir que, apesar de ser um eficiente antimicrobiano, o formaldeído apresenta numerosos efeitos citopatológicos, além de ser mutagênico e carcinogênico.
Assuntos
Formaldeído/efeitos adversos , Formaldeído/farmacocinética , Formaldeído/toxicidade , OdontologiaRESUMO
We studied the relationship between the use of three detoxification pathways and urine pH and the tolerance of desert woodrats from two populations to a mixture of naturally occurring plant secondary metabolites (mostly phenolics) in resin from creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). The two populations of desert woodrats came from the Mojave desert (Mojave woodrats), where woodrats consume creosote bush, and from the Great Basin desert (Great Basin woodrats), where the plant species is absent. We fed woodrats alfalfa pellets containing increasing levels of the phenolic resin and measured three detoxification pathways and urine pH that are related to detoxification of allelochemicals. We found that the excretion rate of two phase II detoxification conjugates, glucuronides and sulfides. increased with increasing resin intake, whereas excretion of hippuric acid was independent of resin intake, although it differed between populations. Urine pH declined with increasing resin ingestion. The molar proportion of glucuronides in urine was three times that of the other conjugates combined. Based on an evaluation of variation in the three detoxification pathways and urine pH in relation to resin intake, we rejected the hypotheses that woodrats' tolerance to resin intake is related to capacity for amination, sulfation, or pH regulation. However, Mojave woodrats had higher maximum glucuronide excretion rates, and we accepted the hypothesis that within and between populations woodrats tolerate more resin because they have a greater capacity for glucuronide excretion.
Assuntos
Formaldeído/farmacocinética , Glucuronídeos/metabolismo , Hipuratos/metabolismo , Larrea/efeitos adversos , Larrea/classificação , Muridae/fisiologia , Fenóis/farmacocinética , Plantas Comestíveis/química , Polímeros/farmacocinética , Sulfatos/metabolismo , Adaptação Fisiológica , Animais , Feminino , Formaldeído/efeitos adversos , Formaldeído/metabolismo , Glucuronídeos/urina , Hipuratos/urina , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Inativação Metabólica , Masculino , Fenóis/efeitos adversos , Fenóis/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacocinética , Polímeros/efeitos adversos , Polímeros/metabolismo , Sulfatos/urina , UrináliseRESUMO
Although the efficacy and safety of the Sargenti technique have remained controversial for more than a decade, the technique still is widely used by many dentists throughout the world. The following report describes a retrospective analysis of 367 cases that looked at the contribution of instrumentation technique and fill adequacy to paste dissolution.