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3.
Ethn Dis ; 19(1 Suppl 1): S1-73-9, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19484881

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of governments in relation to the burden of chronic diseases and the potential response within the framework of competing priorities that determine resource allocation. METHODS: The following variables were analyzed both in retrospect and prospectively: the epidemiologic transition and the current effect of degenerative chronic diseases, the epidemic of diabetes and kidney disease in minority populations and developing countries, the potential response from healthcare systems, the relationship of chronic kidney disease vs quality of life and costs, and the differences between developed and developing countries. RESULTS: In Latin America, as in many other regions, cardiovascular diseases (ie, heart diseases and stroke) kill many people at early stages of renal disease. Only some survivors have access to renal replacement therapy. Those deaths can be attributed to the lack of systematized prevention and control programs to encompass chronic diseases and relate to poor engineering of adequate financial support. The Latin American Society of Nephrology and Hypertension is fostering a cardiovascular, cerebral, renal, and endocrine-metabolic health program in which 12 countries in the Latin American region implement different strategies, including allocation of national funds and strengthening of transplant programs. The focus of these strategies is on promotion, prevention, rehabilitation, research, and teaching. CONCLUSION: Developing countries should implement cardiovascular, cerebral, renal, and endocrine-metabolic health programs to improve efficiency of sanitary regulations and retrieve the huge amount of money that is spent on illnesses associated with the absence of systematized kidney disease control and follow-up programs.


Assuntos
Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Programas Governamentais/economia , Programas Governamentais/ética , Prioridades em Saúde/ética , Falência Renal Crônica/economia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Financiamento Governamental/ética , Programas Governamentais/organização & administração , Gastos em Saúde/ética , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/prevenção & controle , América Latina/epidemiologia , Grupos Minoritários , Modelos Organizacionais , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/economia , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/ética , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/organização & administração , Qualidade de Vida , Terapia de Substituição Renal/economia , Terapia de Substituição Renal/ética , Alocação de Recursos , Populações Vulneráveis
4.
Bull World Health Organ ; 81(2): 95-100, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12751417

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between decentralization and equity of resource allocation in Colombia and Chile. METHODS: The "decision space" approach and analysis of expenditures and utilization rates were used to provide a comparative analysis of decentralization of the health systems of Colombia and Chile. FINDINGS: Evidence from Colombia and Chile suggests that decentralization, under certain conditions and with some specific policy mechanisms, can improve equity of resource allocation. In these countries, equitable levels of per capita financial allocations at the municipal level were achieved through different forms of decentralization--the use of allocation formulae, adequate local funding choices and horizontal equity funds. Findings on equity of utilization of services were less consistent, but they did show that increased levels of funding were associated with increased utilization. This suggests that improved equity of funding over time might reduce inequities of service utilization. CONCLUSION: Decentralization can contribute to, or at least maintain, equitable allocation of health resources among municipalities of different incomes.


Assuntos
Financiamento Governamental/métodos , Alocação de Recursos para a Atenção à Saúde/ética , Política , Justiça Social , Chile , Colômbia , Tomada de Decisões Gerenciais , Financiamento Governamental/ética , Alocação de Recursos para a Atenção à Saúde/economia , Alocação de Recursos para a Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Gastos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Governo Local , Atenção Primária à Saúde/economia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Alocação de Recursos/economia , Alocação de Recursos/ética
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