RESUMO
Vasomotor control by the sympathetic nervous system presents substantial heterogeneity within different tissues, providing appropriate homeostatic responses to maintain basal/stimulated cardiovascular function both at normal and pathological conditions. The availability of a reproducible technique for simultaneous measurement of sympathetic drive to different tissues is of great interest to uncover regional patterns of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). We propose the association of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (THir) with image analysis to quantify norepinephrine (NE) content within nerve terminals in arteries/arterioles as a good index for regional sympathetic outflow. THir was measured in fixed arterioles of kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (123 ± 2 and 181 ± 4 mmHg, 300 ± 8 and 352 ± 8 beats/min, respectively). There was a differential THir distribution in both groups: higher THir was observed in the kidney and skeletal muscle (â¼3-4-fold vs. heart arterioles) of WKY; in SHR, THir was increased in the kidney and heart (2.4- and 5.3-fold vs. WKY, respectively) with no change in the skeletal muscle arterioles. Observed THir changes were confirmed by either: 1) determination of NE content (high-performance liquid chromatography) in fresh tissues (SHR vs. WKY): +34% and +17% in kidney and heart, respectively, with no change in the skeletal muscle; 2) direct recording of renal (RSNA) and lumbar SNA (LSNA) in anesthetized rats, showing increased RSNA but unchanged LSNA in SHR vs. WKY. THir in skeletal muscle arterioles, NE content in femoral artery, and LSNA were simultaneously reduced by exercise training in the WKY group. Results indicate that THir is a valuable technique to simultaneously evaluate regional patterns of sympathetic activity.
Assuntos
Fibras Adrenérgicas/metabolismo , Estruturas Animais/inervação , Estruturas Animais/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiologia , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiopatologia , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Fibras Adrenérgicas/patologia , Estruturas Animais/irrigação sanguínea , Estruturas Animais/metabolismo , Animais , Arteríolas/inervação , Arteríolas/metabolismo , Arteríolas/patologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Vasos Coronários/inervação , Vasos Coronários/metabolismo , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Artéria Femoral/metabolismo , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Rim/irrigação sanguínea , Rim/inervação , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/fisiopatologia , Região Lombossacral/inervação , Região Lombossacral/fisiologia , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/irrigação sanguínea , Músculo Esquelético/inervação , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/análiseRESUMO
We present ten patients with Parkinson's disease who underwent stereotactic ablative radiofrequency procedures. Seven patients underwent pallidotomy, two subthalamotomy and VIM, and one subthalamotomy. Seven developed miosis and all semiptosis ipsilateral immediately after the procedure. The occurrence of Horner's syndrome is probably due to the lesion of sympathetic fibers among hypothalamus, Forel's field and thalamus after the stereotactic procedure.