RESUMO
Pregnant female Balb/c mice were injected with IgG fractions from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, in order to study the in vivo passage of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) across the placenta. After injection of monospecific sera directed against nDNA, Sm, nRNP, Ro(SSA) and La(SSB), ANA were found in fetal circulation and trapped in the liver, spleen kidney and skin of fetus. Also, ANA were demonstrated in placental tissue and cord. The placental IgG-Fc receptors apparently played a major role in ANA entry into the fetus. Our study demonstrates that human ANA can be passively transferred into experimental animals to study their kinetics during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antinucleares/farmacocinética , Troca Materno-Fetal , Placenta/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Feto/análise , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Injeções , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Placenta/análise , Gravidez , Receptores Fc/metabolismoRESUMO
It has been demonstrated that M and B mode echocardiography provides anatomical and functional information regarding the fetal heart although it's usefulness is limited. Employing a high resolution system, we studied the cardiac anatomy images as well as tomographic sections of the heart of human fetuses. Thirty fetuses, 19-41 weeks, were studied through tomographic sections of the heart in long axis, short axis, apical and subxiphoid 4 chambers view. In all fetuses a view of the majority of the cardiac structures was obtained. The sections of apical and subxiphoid four chambers, short axis and long axis were obtained in 93%, 93%, 96% and 86% respectively. This anatomical views permitted detailed identification and analysis of the four cavities, atrio- ventricular, pulmonary and aortic valves, as well as the great arteries. The aortic arch, pulmonary bifurcation, the outlet of the inferior venae cavae, the superior venae cavae and the right atrium were poorly visualized. The spinal cord and the fetal ribs in older fetuses prevented us from seeing some structures, due to a greater development in the centers of ossification. Bidimentional echocardiography was performed in 77% of the fetuses after birth, in all of them cardiac anatomy before birth is possible, making the diagnosis of major malformations in utero more feasible.
Assuntos
Ecocardiografia , Coração Fetal/anatomia & histologia , Aorta Torácica/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Feto/análise , Humanos , Gravidez , Artéria Pulmonar/anatomia & histologia , TomografiaRESUMO
Cystinosis was diagnosed in a small quantity of cultured amniotic cells from a 22-week-old fetus by a modified pulse-labeling technique in which intracellular 35SL-cystine retention was measured. As a result of the above finding, the pregnancy was terminated by administration of prostaglandin. The diagnosis was confirmed when the nonprotein-free cystine content of the kidney, liver, placenta, spleen, thymus, and gut, as well as that of a large amount of cultured amniotic cells, was found to be 100-fold higher than normal levels.