RESUMO
The present study analyzed work related accidents involving nursing personnel from a public hospital in the state of São Paulo. The study population comprised the entire nursing staff. The results obtained showed a high incidence of accidents with puncture-cutting instruments, particularly among the auxilliary nursing staff, which indicates that these workers don't often use individual protection equipment, even when it is made available at the work place. Due to the manipulation of sharp instruments, nursing personnel are especially vulnerable to suffer biological risks and serious diseases. These results indicate the need to prevent the occurrence of such accidents.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trabalho/prevenção & controle , Equipamentos de Proteção/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos Penetrantes/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ferimentos Penetrantes/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Episiotomy, one of the most common surgical procedures, was introduced in clinical practice in the eighteenth century without having strong scientific evidence of its benefits. Its use was justified by the prevention of severe perineal tears, better future sexual function, and a reduction of urine and fecal incontinence. With regard to the first assumption, the evidence that is based on five randomized controlled trials shows a 9% reduction in severe perineal tears in the selective use of episiotomy, but this effect fluctuates between a 40% reduction and a 38% increase. In relation to long-term effects, women in whom management includes routine use of episiotomy have shown poorer future sexual function, similar pelvic floor muscle strength, and similar urinary incontinence in comparison with women in whom episiotomy is used in a selective manner. In summary, there is no reliable evidence that routine use of episiotomy has any beneficial effect; on the contrary, there is clear evidence that it may cause harm such as a greater need for surgical repair and a poorer future sexual capability. In view of the available evidence the routine use of episiotomy should be abandoned and episiotomy rates > 30% do not seem justified.
Assuntos
Episiotomia , Coito , Episiotomia/efeitos adversos , Episiotomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Períneo/lesões , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Gravidez , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Ferimentos Penetrantes/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The severity of traumas in hospitalized patients was characterized by means of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) was studied prospectively. One hundred trauma patients hospitalized in a trauma referral health facility located in S. Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed. Of the total number of patients, 68 had blunt trauma and 32 penetrating trauma. As to ISS, it was discovered that 53.0% of the blunt trauma patients had mild trauma (ISS 1-15), 29.4% moderate trauma (ISS 16-24), and 17.6% showed severe trauma (ISS 25); 34.4% of the penetrating trauma patients had mild trauma, 18.7% moderate trauma and 46.9% severe trauma. The mean and standard deviations relating to the ISS of blut and penetrating trauma patients were, respectively, 14.9 +/- 8.1 and 20.8 +/- 11.0; the respective mortality rates were of 11.8% and 12.5%.