RESUMO
Retrieval practice typically benefits learning in children, although little is known about the benefits of retrieval practice for learning spelling. We investigated this issue in three experiments with fifth-grade children from a low-income area of Brazil. In the experiments, children first read a list of words (study), and after a short interval wrote down the studied words after hearing and rereading them (copy) or after only hearing them (retrieval practice). After an interval of 4 days, spelling performance was greater for words from the retrieval practice condition than for words from the copy condition, but only when immediate corrective feedback was provided (Experiment 3). The current findings, therefore, suggest that retrieval practice followed by corrective feedback is an effective strategy to improve spelling performance of fifth-grade children.
Assuntos
Ácido Dioctil Sulfossuccínico , Audição , Humanos , Criança , Brasil , Idioma , Aprendizagem , FenolftaleínaRESUMO
Seed companies are looking for promising, quick and effective alternatives to determine the physiological quality of seeds. The objective of the current work was to study the efficiency of the exudate - phenolphthalein pH test to evaluate the seeds of two lots of Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz var. ferrea. The statistical design for the the exudate - phenolphthalein pH test was completely randomized with four replicates of 50 seeds in a factorial design (2 x 5), two seed lots and five soaking periods (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes), respectively, using two constant temperatures (25 and 30°C). The percentage of viability and germination of the seeds did not differ in the temperatures of 25 and 30°C and in the soaking periods by the exudate - phenolphthalein pH test. Thus, it is recommended that the test be conducted for at least 30 minutes in distilled and deionized water at the constant temperature of 25 or 30°C to evaluate the vigor of the Libidibia ferrea.
Assuntos
Caesalpinia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Germinação/fisiologia , Fenolftaleína/análise , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Caesalpinia/fisiologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Controle de Qualidade , Sementes/fisiologia , TemperaturaRESUMO
A 5-year-old female with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy and a history of constipation presented to the emergency department with a new blistering buttocks rash, which was initially concerning for nonaccidental burn. Upon further investigation, it was found that Ex-Lax had been given to the patient for constipation. This had resulted in a bowel movement, which led to an irritant dermatitis. The patient was eventually diagnosed with senna-induced erosive diaper dermatitis. This case report highlights the importance of a thorough history and physical examination to prevent an unnecessary child abuse work-up.
Assuntos
Dermatite de Contato/etiologia , Dermatite das Fraldas/diagnóstico , Laxantes/efeitos adversos , Fenolftaleína/efeitos adversos , Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth/complicações , Maus-Tratos Infantis/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Constipação Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Dermatite das Fraldas/etiologia , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pai You Guo is a weight loss supplement manufactured in China and adulterated with the banned pharmaceutical products sibutramine and phenolphthalein. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a voluntary recall of Pai You Guo in 2009, yet clinicians have noted its continued use among Brazilian-born women in Massachusetts. OBJECTIVE: To assess prevalence of Pai You Guo use, associated side effects, modes of acquisition, and impact of FDA regulatory action on these outcomes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: Women ≤60 years of age, born in Brazil who attended one primary care clinic or one of six churches in Massachusetts. MAIN MEASURES: Prevalence of use, how users first heard about the product, location of purchase, associated side effects, patterns of use before and after the FDA recall. KEY RESULTS: Twenty-three percent (130/565) of respondents reported using Pai You Guo. In multivariate analysis, obesity (adj OR 3.7, p-value <0.001) and lack of insurance (adj OR 2.6, p-value 0.005) were associated with use. The majority of users (85%) reported at least one side effect. Dry mouth (59%), anxiety (29%), and insomnia (26%) were most commonly reported adverse effects. Nearly thirty-percent of users (38/130) purchased Pai You Guo from local stores and 9% (11/130) purchased it over the Internet. The majority of respondents (79/130; 61%) purchased Pai You Guo after the FDA recall. No respondent was aware of the FDA recall. CONCLUSIONS: Use of this pharmaceutically adulterated supplement is common among Brazilian-born women in Massachusetts. The FDA alerts and recall did not appear to decrease its use.
Assuntos
Fármacos Antiobesidade/efeitos adversos , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Contaminação de Medicamentos , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Adolescente , Adulto , Fármacos Antiobesidade/química , Brasil/etnologia , Criança , China , Estudos Transversais , Ciclobutanos/efeitos adversos , Ciclobutanos/química , Recall de Medicamento/legislação & jurisprudência , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/etnologia , Fenolftaleína/efeitos adversos , Fenolftaleína/química , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The simple and low cost ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD)-phenolphthalein (PHP) inclusion complex was used for both the study of physical-chemical parameters and validation of analytical procedures for deoxycholic acid (DCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) determinations in different formulations. The usefulness of this inclusion complex is proposed either in the form of kit reagent and as an original optical sensor for DCA and UDCA. The results showed that temperature had a negative effect on the equilibrium constant resulting in high negative values of enthalpy and positive values of entropy. The half-life values for DCA and UDCA measurements were 68.71 and 294.71 days, respectively. The method was validated showing limits of detection and quantification of 4.92×10(-5) mol L(-1) and 1.64×10(-4) mol L(-1) for DCA, 1.14×10(-5) mol L(-1) and 3.79×10(-5) mol L(-1) for UDCA, respectively. The developed optical sensor also showed response linearity, ease of implementation and potential application in fast screening tasks even out of the laboratory.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Químicos , Técnicas de Química Analítica/instrumentação , Colorimetria/métodos , Ácido Desoxicólico/análise , Fenômenos Ópticos , Ácido Ursodesoxicólico/análise , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/análise , Colorimetria/economia , Ácido Desoxicólico/química , Entropia , Indicadores e Reagentes/química , Fenolftaleína/química , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Temperatura , Fatores de Tempo , Ácido Ursodesoxicólico/química , beta-Ciclodextrinas/químicaRESUMO
An expeditious colorimetric methodology for the determination of the deoxycholic acid (DCA) and of the ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in pharmaceutical formulations is reported. The method is based on their competitive complexation reaction with a color indicator to form beta-cyclodextrin-inclusion complexes. Several pH color indicators were tested, but phenolphthalein (PHP) showed the best interaction with the beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) with an inclusion yield higher than 95%. The best concentrations of beta-cyclodextrin to form inclusion complexes were 1.24 x 10(-3) and 6.2 x 10(-4) M at pH 9.5 and 10.5. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the pH had a significant effect on the DCA determination and that high beta-CD-PHP inclusion complex concentrations had a significant negative effect on the UDCA determination (p < 0.05). The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 3.94 x 10(-5) and 1.31 x 10(-4) M for DCA (range: 6.1 x 10(-6)-3.13 x 10(-3) M), 4.08 x 10(-5) and 1.36 x 10(-4) M for UDCA (range: 6.05 x 10(-6)-3.88 x 10(-4) M). This simple and cheap method showed high stability and feasible instrumentation.
Assuntos
Ácido Desoxicólico/análise , Fenolftaleína/química , Ácido Ursodesoxicólico/análise , beta-Ciclodextrinas/química , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
A cyclodextrin derivative (Mod-CD) was synthesized through the monoesterification of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) with 3-((E)-dec-2-enyl)-dihydrofuran-2,5-dione. The compound is an interesting surfactant that can form large aggregates not only through the interaction of the hydrophobic tails as in common amphiphilic compounds but also through the inclusion of the alkenyl chain into the cavity of another Mod-CD molecule. The self-inclusion of the chain in the cavity of cyclodextrin as well as the intermolecular inclusion was demonstrated by 1H NMR measurements that were able to detect methyl groups in three different environments. Besides, in the aggregates of Mod-CD, the cavity is available to interact with external guests such as phenolphthalein, 1-amino adamantane, and Prodan. Phenolphthalein has the same binding constant with Mod-CD and beta-CD, but the equilibrium constant for the interaction with Prodan is about 2 times larger for Mod-CD than for beta-CD. The latter result is attributed to the fact that this probe interacts with the micelle in two binding sites: the cavity of the cyclodextrin and the apolar heart of the micelle as evidenced by the spectrofluorimetric behavior of Prodan in solutions containing different concentrations of Mod-CD.
Assuntos
Ciclodextrinas/química , Ciclodextrinas/síntese química , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Micelas , Água/química , Luz , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Fenolftaleína/química , Espectrometria de FluorescênciaRESUMO
In Argentina, one analytical method is usually carried out to determine acidity in whole raw milk: the Instituto Nacional de Racionalización de Materiales standard (no. 14005), based on the Dornic method of French origin. In a national and international regulation, the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International method (no. 947.05) is proposed as the standard method of analysis. Although these methods have the same foundation, there is no evidence that results obtained using the 2 methods are equivalent. The presence of some trends and discordant data lead us to perform a statistical study to verify the equivalency of the obtained results. We analyzed 266 samples and the existence of significant differences between the results obtained by both methods was determined.
Assuntos
Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Leite/química , Animais , Argentina , Colorimetria/métodos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Indicadores e Reagentes , Ácido Láctico/análise , FenolftaleínaRESUMO
Este trabalho consiste em estudo experimental de processos técnicos utilizados como apoio à regressão de equimoses. Buscou-se a resposta em laboratório através da indução de equimose traumática em 72 ratos, testados em grupos de oito, sendo cada grupo tratado respectivamente por aplicação tópica de: 1§ solução fisiológica; 2§ bolsa de gelo; 3§ bolsa de água quente; 4§ agar-agar; 5§ éter etílico; 6§ óleo mineral; 7§ fenoftaleína, 8§ associação-A entre o éter+Agar+óleo+fenoftaleína e 9§ associção-B, aplicação de gelo nas primeiras 24 h após a lesão e depois bolsa de água quente. Os dados obtidos foram tratados e comparados entre si e com o grupo controle usando-se análise de variância (ANOVA) paramétrica de Student-Newman-Keuls. Os resultados revelaram que o uso da associação-A mostrou atividade terapêutica extremamente significativa quando comparada com o grupo controle e associação-B, podendo-se concluir que o uso tópico da associação-A é eficaz para o tratamento das equimoses traumáticas induzidas em ratos