RESUMO
In 1976, Paul Tessier provided a numerical classification system for rare facial clefts, numbered from 0 to 14. The Tessier 3 cleft is a rare facial cleft extending from the philtrum of the upper lip through the wing of the nostril, and reaches the medial canthus of the eye. The aim of this document was to describe a pre-Hispanic anthropomorphic figurine dating from the classic period (200 A.D.-900 A.D.), which has a Tessier 3 cleft. We also discuss the documented pre-Hispanic beliefs about facial clefts.
Assuntos
Arte , Fenda Labial/história , Fissura Palatina/história , Arqueologia , El Salvador , História Antiga , HumanosRESUMO
Among the representations of congenital malformations in Moche ceramic art, cranio-facial clefts have been portrayed in pottery found in Moche burials. These pottery vessels were used as domestic items during lifetime and funerary offerings upon death. The aim of this study was to examine archeological evidence for representations of cranio-facial cleft malformations in Moche vessels. Pottery depicting malformations of the midface in Moche collections in Lima-Peru were studied. The malformations portrayed on pottery were analyzed using the Tessier classification. Photographs were authorized by the Larco Museo.Three vessels were observed to have median cranio-facial dysraphia in association with midline cleft of the lower lip with cleft of the mandible. ML001489 portrays a median cranio-facial dysraphia with an orbital cleft and a midline cleft of the lower lip extending to the mandible. ML001514 represents a median facial dysraphia in association with an orbital facial cleft and a vertical orbital dystopia. ML001491 illustrates a median facial cleft with a soft tissue cleft. Three cases of midline, orbital and lateral facial clefts have been portrayed in Moche full-figure portrait vessels. They represent the earliest registries of congenital cranio-facial malformations in ancient Peru.
Assuntos
Arte/história , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/história , Arqueologia , Fenda Labial/história , Fenda Labial/patologia , Face/anormalidades , História Antiga , Humanos , Lábio/anormalidades , PeruRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Moche (100-700 AD) and Lambayeque-Sicán (750-1100 AD) are pre-Columbian cultures from Regional States Period, developed in Northern Peru. Information about daily life, religion and medicine has been obtained through the study of Moche ceramics found in lords and priests tombs, pyramids and temples. OBJECTIVE: To analyze archeological evidences of Moche Medicine and neurological diseases through ceramics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Representations of diseases in Moche and Lambayeque iconography and Moche pottery collections exposed in Casinelli museum from Trujillo, and Brüning National Archeological museum from Lambayeque, Peru, were studied. The most representative cases were analyzed and photographed, previous authorization from authorities and curators of the museums. RESULTS: The following pathologies were observed in ceramic collections: peripheral facial palsy, facial malformations such as cleft lip, hemifacial spasm, legs and arm amputations, scoliosis and Siamese patients. Male and females Moche doctors were also observed in the ceramics in ritual ceremonies treating patients. CONCLUSIONS: The main pathologies observed in Moche and Lambayeque pottery are facial palsy and cleft lip. These are one of the earliest registries of these pathologies in pre-Columbian cultures in South-America.
Assuntos
Fenda Labial/história , Face/anormalidades , Paralisia Facial/história , Medicina nas Artes , Escultura/história , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca , Fenda Labial/patologia , Cultura , Face/patologia , Paralisia Facial/patologia , Feminino , História Antiga , História Medieval , Humanos , Masculino , Museus , PeruRESUMO
All masks are created by craftspeople. Accordingly, most masks are generally predictable in dimensions, and the portraitures usually depict the faces and heads of humans. The authors found some masks representing the features of craniofacial anomalies, such as hemifacial microsomia and, rarely, cleft lip. Reviewing the legends of wearing masks with a medley of grotesque features, the authors could deduce the tone of society in those days. A mask, "crooked mouth," of Native Americans shows typical lineament of hemifacial microsomia. The deformity of the face was legendarily regarded as resulting from trauma caused by either "one's fault" or a "curse of God." "Yangban" (noblemen of aristocratic class) customarily wore the cleft lip mask in age-old Korean masquerade revels. Laymen ridiculed Yangban by making cleft lip masks for them. The authors presume that the victims of craniofacial deformities were treated contemptuously at that time.
Assuntos
Fenda Labial/história , Etnicidade/história , Assimetria Facial/história , Máscaras/história , Medicina nas Artes , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/história , Coreia (Geográfico) , México , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Paintings and drawings by Lucas Moser, Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Dürer, and Jacob Cornelisz van Oostsanen suggest that they employed people who had had cleft lips operated on as models for their works of art. Created between 1431 and 1520, the portraits show diagnostic facial profiles with a curved nasal dorsum, short columella, maxillary retrusion, and pseudoprogenia. The first medical illustration of cleft lip surgery was published in 1564 by Ambroise Paré. It was therefore late Gothic and Renaissance artists who depicted the conspicuous signs of surgically treated patients with cleft lip more than 130 years before the surgeons.
Assuntos
Arte/história , Fenda Labial/história , Medicina nas Artes , Cirurgia Bucal/história , China , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Europa (Continente) , História do Século XV , História do Século XVI , História Medieval , Humanos , Pinturas/história , Peru , Cirurgia Plástica/históriaRESUMO
El autor hace un resumen sobre el desarrollo de las ténicas quirúrgicas para la correción del labio y el paladar hendidos. Aunque ambas entidades eran conocidas desde la antigüedad, su historia se trata por separado puesto que las palatorrafias solo fueron descritas en el siglo XIX, debido a la falsa idea de que siempre se asociaban a sífilis
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Fenda Labial/história , Fissura Palatina/história , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgiaRESUMO
In several countries in South America such as Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, many ceramics have been found which illustrate aspects of human anatomy, physiology and pathology that had been noticed and masterfully reproduced by the potter. A statuette in my private collection of pre-Colombian ceramics is approximately 2000 years old and belongs to the era of the Bahia culture. It depicts an important personage, possibly a political, social or religious leader, with a cleft lip and palate.