RESUMO
Objectives: Animals are a potential source of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This study evaluated the antibiotics susceptibility pattern of S. aureus isolates from breeders and livestock. Methods: S. aureus strains were isolated from 180 livestock and 48 livestock farmers and identified using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles and MRSA status were determined via disk diffusion susceptibility method. Results: Among farm workers, 37.5% were colonized by S. aureus, with pig farm workers exhibiting the highest prevalence (56.2%), cattle herders (37.5%), and goat farm workers (18.7%). MRSA carriage among livestock isolates was 41.3%, while, six isolates from the poultry farm worker were MRSA, representing a carriage of 33.3%. Drug susceptibility profiles revealed differential patterns between isolates from breeders and animals. Gentamicin and levofloxacin demonstrated higher efficacy against farm worker isolates compared to animal isolates. Resistance to cefuroxime was higher among animal isolates (84.1%) as against the 66.7% for the breeders. Conclusion: The identification of multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains underscores the risk posed to humans in contact with animals. These findings stress the importance of monitoring and managing MRSA transmission between animals and humans.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Gado , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Animais , Gado/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Fazendeiros , Cabras/microbiologia , Bovinos , Suínos , Masculino , Feminino , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Adulto , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana MúltiplaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: African swine fever (ASF) poses a threat to the global pig industry, leading to significant economic losses and widespread disruptions in pig farming and associated sectors. In September 2023, the first case of ASF in Swedish wild boar triggered immediate responses from authorities, including the establishment of restricted zones and culling measures. A new ASF certification programme for pig herds was initiated to improve biosecurity and proactive disease management. This survey aimed to assess the sentiments and actions of Swedish pig farmers six months post-outbreak, particularly regarding biosecurity measures. Such information is important to improve preparedness for future disease threats. A questionnaire was distributed to members of the Swedish pig producers' organisation. RESULTS: A total of 113 farmers responded (response rate 27%), with the majority considering the risk of ASF reappearing in Sweden as high. The estimated cost for connecting the farms to the ASF certification programme varied greatly, with a majority identifying cost as a substantial hurdle. While many farmers sought biosecurity advice from veterinarians, 43% had not implemented suggested measures. Over one third had not received concrete measures that would fit their farms, and 14% had not received any biosecurity advice from veterinarians at all. Discussions among farmers emphasized concerns about ASF outbreaks, transmission mechanisms, and regulatory compliance, highlighting the importance of ongoing communication and knowledge exchange to address the challenges posed by ASF effectively. Additionally, participants also mentioned the role of dense wild boar populations and shortcomings in municipal food waste management as important risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The responding farmers expressed widespread concern about new ASF outbreaks. A majority identified cost as a substantial hurdle for joining the ASF certification programme. While many farmers consulted veterinarians for advice on biosecurity, a significant number had yet to implement suggested measures and one third had not received specific guidance suitable for their farms. Stakeholder conversations highlighted concerns about ASF outbreaks, transmission, and compliance. They also discussed the role of dense wild boar populations and issues with municipal food waste management as significant risk factors for ASF.
Assuntos
Febre Suína Africana , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Suécia , Suínos , Febre Suína Africana/prevenção & controle , Febre Suína Africana/epidemiologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Biosseguridade , Fazendas , Fazendeiros/psicologia , Sus scrofa , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Rapid agricultural expansion, marked by unsustainable practices, has contributed significantly to environmental degradation globally. In response to China's escalating environmental concerns, recent environmental legislation has sought to disseminate information and promote awareness of environmental preservation among residents. This study aims to investigate the influential role of citizen environmental intentions and activist environmental intentions on responsible behavior for achieving environmental performance (EP). Moreover, the moderating influence of these environmental laws on the relationship between environment-protecting intentions and behavior, with a focus on legal cognition. Utilizing a population of 3150 farmers we select 603 farmers using simple random sampling and, this study applies the theory of planned behavior within a structural equation model framework. The findings affirm that farmers' perceived behavior control, personal factors, and attitudes directly impact both citizen and activist intentions, subsequently influencing both types of environmental-oriented behavior. Notably, the study identifies a stronger inward attitude effect compared to the outward attitude in both types of farmers' intentions. Additionally, legal cognition among farmers emerges as a crucial moderator, influencing the link between environmental intentions and behavior. The results suggest that as farmers become more familiar with environmental laws, the direct effect of their intentions on environmentally oriented behavior intensifies. Hence, the legal obligations play an essential role in shaping the farmers' pro-environmental behavior. This study aligns the individual level environmental intentions with farmer's law cognition for offering interesting insights to develop and implement imminent environmental policies. Hence, this study benefits to both practitioners and policy makers' contextualizing Chinese agricultural sector.
Assuntos
Cognição , Fazendeiros , Intenção , Humanos , Fazendeiros/psicologia , China , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/legislação & jurisprudência , Atitude , Agricultura/legislação & jurisprudência , Meio Ambiente , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
In Ethiopia rice crop is considered as a strategic food security crop which is expected to contribute to ensuring food security in the country. Bennch Sheko Zone is one of the major rice growing areas in the South Western Regional State. The study was conducted with specific objectives to investigate factors affecting smallholder farmers' market supply of rice and identify constraints related to rice production in the study area. Two-stage sampling technique was employed to select 119 representative rice-producer households. Descriptive statistics and appropriate econometric models were used to analyze the collected data. Multiple linear regression model used to analyze factors affecting rice market supply. Descriptive result of the study showed, the average annual rice production at the household level was 2.8 tons, of which 70% was supplied to the market. Econometric result showed farm size owned, credit use, annual income, number of oxen owned, and quantity of rice produced were found to be significantly affecting the market supply of rice in a district. Major constraints related to rice production in the district were a lack of proper weed management practices, improved seed, proper method and time of fertilizer application, weak institutional support, disease, and post-harvest handling problems were also important. The research findings suggest that attention should be given to rice production constraints through generation and wide demonstration of demand-driven rice production and post-harvest handling technologies for increased production and productivity to have a better market supply of rice to the market and benefit smallholder farmers.
Assuntos
Produtos Agrícolas , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Oryza , Etiópia , Oryza/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Produtos Agrícolas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Produtos Agrícolas/provisão & distribuição , Humanos , Produção Agrícola/economia , Fazendeiros , Agricultura/economia , Agricultura/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, 79 million people live in soil transmitted helminths endemic areas. The Ethiopia established a National goal to eradicate STH transmission by 2025. To meet that goal, it is imperative that data is acquired on community helminth infection risk. This study examined the prevalence of STH and risk factors for infection in vegetable farmers working on Akaki River Bank, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 7, 2022, and June 2023. A stratified random sampling was used to select farming households. Two hundred and sixteen farmers were enrolled in the study. Data on socio-demographic, WASH, wastewater irrigation related factors were collected by trained data collectors using a structured questionnaire. Kato-Katz concentration was utilized to detect STH. The data were entered using EpiData 3.1 and analyzed with Stata 14.0, using p-values less than 0.05 to identify significant factors. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for infection. RESULTS: The prevalence of STH was 22.2% (95% CI = 13.6-27.9%), with Ascaris lumbricoides being the most common (11.1%), followed by hookworm (7.4%), and Trichuris trichiura (3.7%). Low income levels (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.25-5.99), lack of handwashing before eating (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.58 - 11.3), absence of fingernails cleanliness (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.74-39.5), not wearing shoes at work (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI = 2.98-82.2), touching the face with dirty hands (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI = 0.68-28.2), washing vegetables with irrigation wastewater (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.95-45.2), and not wearing protective clothing during farming activities (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.58 - 22.4) were the significant risk factors for infection with STH. CONCLUSION: Of the farming communities examined in this study, one of the five was found to be infected with soil transmitted helminth. This research has shown clear risk factors for STH infection including: lack of personal hygiene practices, insufficient sanitation access, and limited use of protective equipment. To achieve the national goal, there is a need for farming communities to understand preventative risks of infection, improve WASH (Water access, sanitation and hygine) practices, WASH access, protective equipment, and health education.
Assuntos
Fazendeiros , Helmintíase , Solo , Humanos , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Feminino , Adulto , Prevalência , Fazendeiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Animais , Solo/parasitologia , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Helmintíase/transmissão , Helmintíase/prevenção & controle , Adulto Jovem , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Verduras/parasitologia , Ascaris lumbricoides/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Rios/parasitologiaRESUMO
Agricultural mechanization is a crucial indicator of modernization in agriculture. It improves productivity and underpins the evolution of a modern state. This study scrutinizes the enduring effects of government subsidies on farm machinery acquisition, income growth, and capital accumulation in rural households. It is based on policies about targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Research findings indicate that government subsidies have significantly increased the per capita net income of rural households. However, in the post-poverty alleviation era, for households that already possess agricultural machinery, the benefits brought by government subsidies in the early stages of the policy cycle tend to diminish over time. From 2016 to 2020, government subsidies continued to enhance the value of agricultural machinery in rural households. Their impact on ownership rates first slightly declined and then increased again. The promotional effect in 2020 was not significantly better than in 2016. When China is fighting against poverty, it is essential to encourage rural households to use their income and government subsidies to accumulate production capital. A long-term mechanism has been established to protect the achievements of poverty alleviation, promote agricultural mechanization and rural modernization, and support rural revitalization.
Assuntos
Agricultura , Fazendeiros , Renda , Pobreza , População Rural , China , Humanos , Agricultura/economia , Agricultura/métodos , Financiamento Governamental , Características da FamíliaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Agricultural workers are at risk of developing skin cancer due to prolonged exposure to the sun during their daily work. This study was conducted to determine sun protection knowledge and behaviours of agricultural workers in Turkey. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 460 participants working in agriculture. The data were collected using a sociodemographic form, Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale and Sun Protection Behaviour Scale. The data were analysed using One Way ANOVA and Independent Samples t Test. RESULTS: Participants mean total score on the Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale was 15.24 ± 2.47 (max-min 0-25) and the mean total score on the Sun Protection Behaviour Scale was 24.10 ± 4.46 (max-min 8-40). Statistically significant disparities were observed between the SCBS, SPBS and their sub-divisions along with the working period, age, marital status, gender, level of education, income status, skin type and agricultural working status of the participants (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The study found that people working in the agriculture had inadequate sun protection behaviours and knowledge. Based on the study's results, it is proposed to create intervention programmes that specifically target single, male, middle-aged or older individuals with extended working hours and low levels of education and income.
Assuntos
Fazendeiros , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Turquia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Fazendeiros/psicologia , Fazendeiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Cutâneas/prevenção & controle , Protetores Solares/administração & dosagem , Adulto Jovem , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Luz Solar/efeitos adversos , Inquéritos e Questionários , AdolescenteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Health care access for migrant farmworkers is limited given the nature of seasonal farm work, including migration patterns, capacity, and availability of local community health services. Consideration of these contextual elements when exploring a community-academic partnership to increase access to care for migrant farmworkers is essential. OBJECTIVE: Explore the partnerships and processes for integrating nursing faculty and students from a regional public university's school of nursing into a farmworker health outreach program's mobile clinic process. METHODS: A feasibility study was undertaken using Bowen et al.'s feasibility framework. RESULTS: Integrating faculty and students into the farmworker health outreach program's mobile clinic process was determined to be feasible. CONCLUSIONS: Integrating faculty providers and students into a farmworker outreach program's mobile health process has several nuances requiring consideration before operationalizing the partnership, including nursing faculty practice (e.g., credentialing, malpractice insurance), student clinical placement processes, the farmworker outreach program's processes, and farmworker availability.
Assuntos
Relações Comunidade-Instituição , Fazendeiros , Estudos de Viabilidade , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Migrantes , Humanos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Unidades Móveis de Saúde/organização & administração , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
To guarantee the sustainable development of the biomass raw material supply chain, researchers are increasingly focusing on the issue of information asymmetry between biomass power plants and upstream supply chain members. This paper investigates the optimal information sharing strategy for a biomass power plant where farmers choose whether to encroach on the biomass feedstock supply. Using a game theory model, we analyze eight different information sharing scenarios, and the results show that when the encroachment occurs in supply chain channels, information sharing can significantly increase the profits of the entire supply chain. In this case, the power plant should share its demand information with all upstream players to promote the overall benefit of the supply chain. In contrast, when the power plant shares its information only with the middleman, it can maximize its profits, which, however, may not be conducive to the long-term stability of the supply chain. Furthermore, surprisingly, in the absence of channel encroachment, the power plant sharing information with upstream members may harm their profits. This suggests that power plants may need to consider the scope of information sharing more carefully when the farmers choose not to encroach. Finally, we also examine the impact of channel competition intensity on information sharing strategies, and find that when channel competition intensity is low, transparent demand information helps the power plant maximize expected returns. However, in a highly competitive market environment, the power plant should carefully handle information sharing with farmers to avoid damaging their profits.
Assuntos
Biomassa , Disseminação de Informação , Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Centrais Elétricas , Teoria dos Jogos , Fazendeiros , Modelos TeóricosRESUMO
Economic value (EV), sensitivity of EV and relative economic importance of milk yield (MY), age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI) and herd life (HL) traits were estimated for smallholder dairy cattle production in the central part of Ethiopia. The data on biological and economic parameters were collected using household interview and group discussions methods participating 238 farmers who had crossbred dairy cattle. Bio-economic model was used to calculate EV, sensitivity of EV and relative importance of EV. Cost of animal feed takes the highest share which accounted 81.35% of the total expenditure. The overall average profit per farmer expressed in Ethiopia currency (ETB, 1 US-$ = 39.55696 ETB) was 72,458.10 ± 5068 per year. Profitability of crossbred dairy cattle significantly varied (P < 0.05) between zones. Economic value estimated for MY, AFC, CI and HL in ETB were 13.38/kg, -16.19/day, -33.58/day and 79.55/day. The associated EV per additive standard deviation were 6083.62, -1311.59, -1271.05 and 117.73 ETB for MY, AFC, CI and HL, respectively. Analysis of sensitivity to scenario change (± 20%) showed that milk price had positive association with profit and EV, whereas feed price has inversely influenced both profit and EV. The profit obtained by farmers was altered by ± 29.08% and ± 12.31% as milk price and feed price fluctuated by ± 20%, respectively. Similarly, the EV of MY was changed by ± 20% with change in milk price and ± 7% with feed price. Scenario change in feed price (± 20%) has also caused ± 13.63% change on EV for AFC and ± 17.58% for CI. It can be noted that profit and EV of the traits were less sensitive to the change in price of milk, feed and labor. In general, the results of EV and profitability were encouraging for dairy farmers and the estimates can be used as an input for development of breeding program in the study area.
Assuntos
Indústria de Laticínios , Leite , Etiópia , Animais , Bovinos/fisiologia , Indústria de Laticínios/economia , Feminino , Leite/economia , Lactação , Modelos Econômicos , Ração Animal/análise , Ração Animal/economia , Fazendeiros/psicologiaAssuntos
Fazendeiros , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1 , Influenza Humana , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Humanos , Equipamento de Proteção Individual/provisão & distribuição , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Influenza Humana/virologia , Animais , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Influenza Aviária/virologia , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The present study aims at ideating a quantitative protocol to evaluate effectiveness of training programmes especially meant for farmers, farm women, and rural youth. The specific objective was to develop a robust framework for measuring the effectiveness of rural training programmes organized by the Farmers Training Centres (FTCs) of India. Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model provides us the foundation to design a four-dimensional composite framework based on range-based indicator normalization, principal component analysis based indicator weight estimation, and rank correlation based framework sensitivity testing. We used cross-sectional primary data generated through household survey and personal interviews with randomly selected one thousand trainees to test and validate our proposed protocol. Applying it on our evaluation target we find that the degree of effectiveness of the training programmes varies; one in every four training programmes may not be effective. Trainees' reactions on various aspects of the training programmes may have positive and significant influence on learning. Training outcomes may be linked with the trainees' post-training changes in behaviour. A sensitivity test confirms that the proposed framework is not susceptible to changes in weighting schemes, implying robustness of indicator selection. The findings offer dissection of individual training programmes guiding policy decisions for a training organization. The proposed framework enriches the Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model by offering standardized indicators for training effectiveness evaluation.
Assuntos
Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , População Rural , Humanos , Índia , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/métodos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Fazendeiros , Masculino , Agricultura/educaçãoRESUMO
Carbon sequestration on agricultural land, albeit long-time neglected, offers substantial mitigation potential. Here we project, using an economic land-use model, that these options offer cumulative mitigation potentials comparable to afforestation by 2050 at 160 USD2022 tCO2 equivalent (tCO2e-1), with most of it located in the Global South. Carbon sequestration on agricultural land could provide producers around the world with additional revenues of up to 375 billion USD2022 at 160 USD2022 tCO2e-1 and allow achievement of net-zero emissions in the agriculture, forestry and other land-use sectors by 2050 already at economic costs of around 80-120 USD2022 tCO2e-1. This would, in turn, decrease economy-wide mitigation costs and increase gross domestic product (+0.6%) by the mid-century in 1.5 °C no-overshoot climate stabilization scenarios compared with mitigation scenarios that do not consider these options. Unlocking these potentials requires the deployment of highly efficient institutions and monitoring systems over the next 5 years across the whole world, including sub-Saharan Africa, where the largest mitigation potential exists.
Assuntos
Agricultura , Sequestro de Carbono , Mudança Climática , Fazendeiros , Humanos , ClimaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is one of the most important diseases affecting production and productivity. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study was aimed at to determine the seroprevalence of IBR and associated risk factors, and animal owners' knowledge, attitude and practice towards the disease from April 2021 to June 2022. Accordingly, a total of 384 serum samples were collected from both crossbreed (70) and local breed (314) cattle from purposively selected districts of East Wollega zone of Western Ethiopia. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for testing glycoprotein antibodies (anti-gB) for bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) virus in collected serum, and the obtained data were analysed by multiple logistic regressions by using R software 3.62 version. However, questionnaire data were analysed for descriptive statistics by SPSS version 20.0 (IBM. Corp, 2011). RESULT: The total prevalence of IBR in the study area was found to be 70.54% at herd and 80.47% at individual cattle level. The significant association (p < 0.05 $ < \ 0.05$ ) was found for breed, age, body condition and herd size but not for district and sex as risk factors. The BoHV-1 virus seropositivity in adult animals increased significantly, with an odds ratio of 1.65 (95% CI 0.705-3.85) compared to young. Local breed cattle were 2.055 times more likely to test positive for IBR with an odds ratio of 0.77 (95% CI 0.23-2.22) compared to crossbreed cattle. The chances of cattle in medium herds testing positive for the BoHV-1 virus with an odds ratio of (1.78 95% CI 1.303-7.50) are greater than the chances of cattle in smaller herds testing positive. The survey results showed that 70% of animal owners identified IBR as a major challenge in animal production, whereas 35% mentioned long calving intervals. However, 92% of the participants were not informed about the level of knowledge and attitude regarding particular diseases such as IBR. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there is a high prevalence of IBR in cattle in the study area, and that owners have low awareness of the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an immediate control system and conduct additional research on molecular detection to evaluate its effects on reproductive performance.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina , Animais , Bovinos , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina/epidemiologia , Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina/virologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Masculino , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/fisiologia , Humanos , Fazendeiros/psicologia , Fazendeiros/estatística & dados numéricos , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Stock theft is a persistent and widespread problem affecting farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This study aimed to explore farmers' perceptions of stock theft in the region. A mixed methods approach was used to collect data. 192 pre-tested questionnaires were collected from a sample of farmers in three districts in the province. The descriptive and chi-square test was used to test the associations between demographic profile statistically, knowledge of stock theft, reported stock theft cases, the economic impact of stock theft, and stock theft control. According to the findings, stock theft is significantly more likely to occur during the winter season (P < 0.05). About 94.8% of farmers are in the communal farming sector in the three districts visited. Furthermore, 81.2% of the respondents believe that the government needs to do more to combat the spread of stock theft. This study also revealed that most respondents (88.6%) agree that branding and tattooing should be made available to all registered farmers, while 53.1% believe that forensic deoxyribonucleic acid should not be used to control stock theft at crime scenes. This study highlights farmers' perceptions and knowledge of stock theft to enable policymakers to develop targeted interventions and strategies. Policing strategy must be adaptive and technology-driven to fast-track detection, prevention, and reduction of stuck theft crime.
Assuntos
Fazendeiros , África do Sul , Humanos , Fazendeiros/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Percepção , Crime/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to explore female farmers' perspectives on barriers to engaging with resources for physical and mental healthcare faced by agriculture producers in the state of Georgia. In-depth interviews were conducted with female farm owners and managers (n = 16) across the state. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and researchers coded interviews separately before thematic analysis was used to identify common themes. Three primary themes were identified: (i) formal healthcare challenges, (ii) stigma, and (iii) cultural norms. Formal healthcare challenges included time constraints, healthcare costs, and a lack of cultural competence from healthcare providers. Both community and self-stigma were identified as barriers to engaging with mental health resources. Cultural norms that acted as a barrier to care included the prioritization of farm operations, self-reliance, pride, and the minimization of health concerns. Interviewees identified gender differences in the impact of stigma and cultural norms, reporting that these sociocultural barriers were more prominent among older, male producers. Central to many of these barriers is the concept of 'farm identity', where farmers' commitment to their operations consistently trumped concerns about physical or mental health. Future efforts to improve health outcomes among farmers should utilize the concept of farm identity as a guide for tailoring interventions and improving cultural competence among rural healthcare providers.
Assuntos
Fazendeiros , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Feminino , Fazendeiros/psicologia , Georgia , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estigma SocialAssuntos
Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1 , Águas Residuárias , Animais , Bovinos , Humanos , Aves/virologia , Cidades , Fazendeiros , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/isolamento & purificação , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/genética , Influenza Aviária/prevenção & controle , Influenza Aviária/transmissão , Influenza Aviária/virologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Influenza Humana/transmissão , Influenza Humana/virologia , Gado/virologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/transmissão , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Águas Residuárias/virologia , Monitoramento EpidemiológicoRESUMO
Water scarcity has become a serious challenge in many parts of the world due to increasing demands and the impacts of climate change. The agriculture sector globally accounts for a major portion of water consumption, yet it also holds substantial potential for water conservation. Among the most effective ways to conserve water is to cultivate low-water-demanding crops, such as medicinal plants (MPs), instead of water-demanding crops (WDC). However, the voluntary participation of farmers, largely influenced by socio-psychological drivers, is crucial for successfully implementing most water conservation programs and needs to be addressed. Therefore, the main objectives of this paper were: (1) to identify the determinants that explain farmers' intention and behavior in cultivating MPs instead of WDC; and (2) to examine the effectiveness and performance of an extended version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in predicting farmers' intention and behavior toward cultivating MPs by innovatively incorporating four new variables into the original TPB model: perceived barriers, moral norms, compatibility, and relative advantage. The applicability of the theoretical framework was evaluated in the Sojasroud Plain, Zanjan province, Iran. The results of the structural equation modeling revealed that: (1) farmers' intention to cultivate MPs instead of WDC is significantly influenced by perceived barriers, moral norms, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control (the strongest predictor); and (2) farmers' behavior in cultivating MPs instead of WDC is predicted by relative advantage, compatibility, and intention (the most prominent determinant). The R2 values for predicting intention and behavior were 55% and 53%, respectively. Based on the results, some practical policies were proposed to increase the cultivation of MPs in the study area.
Assuntos
Fazendeiros , Plantas Medicinais , Fazendeiros/psicologia , Humanos , Agricultura , Irã (Geográfico) , Intenção , Produtos Agrícolas , Água , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Conservação dos Recursos Hídricos , Teoria do Comportamento PlanejadoRESUMO
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is essential for sustainable agriculture, contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and combating climate change. The Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM), designed to encourage farmers to implement sequestration practices, is a recent innovation in Europe, in contrast to the well-established American system. Consequently, there is limited understanding of farmers' intentions to participate. The study analyzes farmers' willingness to participate in VCM and the influencing factors through the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB). For this purpose, data were collected from 241 Italian farmers located in the Sicily region and the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was applied. The results show that Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control and Knowledge of VCM have a statistically significant influence on farmers' intention to participate in VCM. In contrast, Subjective Norms and Perceived Environmental Risk do not have a statistically significant influence. Our findings suggest that farmers' intention is strongly influenced by confidence in their capabilities and knowledge of the topic. This should guide policymakers and practitioners to offer extension services and technical assistance, helping farmers understand the potential of the VCM. Indeed, limited knowledge is a major barrier to participation in this initiative.
Assuntos
Agricultura , Fazendeiros , Intenção , Fazendeiros/psicologia , Humanos , Carbono , Mudança Climática , Sequestro de Carbono , Teoria do Comportamento PlanejadoRESUMO
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are a group of pesticides that are most widely used in the agricultural sector, and farmers are exposed to these chemicals more than other members of society. In this work, an environmentally friendly, simple, and safe ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (USA-DLLME) method using alcohol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was developed for the extraction and determination of OPPs in the blood of farmers studied in Ravansar cohort. DESs synthesized from thymol as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and aliphatic alcohols as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) have been used as extractants. Under optimal experimental conditions, the reproducibility of the method based on 7 replicate measurements of 10 µg L-1 of OPPs in blood samples was in the range of 1.4-3.8%. The method showed a linearity in the range of 0.01-150 µg L-1. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were between 0.003 and 0.02 µg L-1 and 0.01-0.05 µg L-1, respectively. The matrix effect and accuracy of the method were confirmed by spiking different amounts of OPPs in real blood samples and obtaining relative recoveries in the range of 91-112%. The results showed that the concentration of OPPs in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group, which is because the case group was exposed to OPPs during the spraying of agricultural products.