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1.
Ann Sci ; 80(1): 62-76, 2023 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36695508

RESUMO

During the IAEA's Mobile Radioisotope Exhibition (1960-1965) through the eventful roads of five Latin American countries (Mexico, Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia), a variety of photographs were taken by an unknown Mexican official photographer, and by Josef Obermayer, a staff driver from Vienna. The exhibition carried not only bits of nuclear sciences and technologies, but also the political symbolism of the 'friendly atom' as a token of modernization. The photographs embarked on different trajectories, though all of them ended up at the training and exchange official's desk in charge of the exhibition, Argentinian physicist Arturo Cairo. The ones taken in Mexico also had a local circulation as propaganda intended to promote radioisotope applications. The two sets of images were intended to show the contrast between modernity and traditional society, but they did it from different gazes. Our paper argues that, in the case of Mexico, the photographer reinforced representations of the country which were already popularized by Hollywood for foreign and local audiences. On the other hand, the Viennese photographer's gaze delivers an autoethnography of his dutiful journey. We also argue that Obermayer's projection is one of what Roger Bartra has conceptualized as the 'salvage on the mirror'.


Assuntos
Fotografação , Física , Humanos , História do Século XX , América Latina , Fotografação/história , Física/história , Radioisótopos , Exposições como Assunto
4.
J Med Biogr ; 22(3): 152-5, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24585628

RESUMO

José Celestino Mutis y Bosio was a Spanish physician, naturalist, astronomer, priest, theologian and mathematician, and one of the icons of the Enlightment Age both in Spain and the American Continent. As the Viceroy's personal doctor, he travelled to the territory of New Granada in what is now Colombia. Mutis was the creator and first leader of the Royal Botanic Expedition of New Granada to study South American wildlife, discovering thousands of new species. He also launched several Public Health measures in the Santa Fe area, helping to introduce a vaccination campaign. Mutis was the first person to introduce Newtonian physics in the Spanish America and he established the first Observatory in the New World which is still in use. He was deeply admired and recognized as a prominent scientist by great personalities of his time including Carl von Linée and Alexander von Humboldt.


Assuntos
Botânica/história , Astronomia/história , Colômbia , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , Física/história , Espanha
6.
Rev. Mus. Fac. Odontol. B.Aires ; 25(42): 26-34, dic. 2010. mapas
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-599082

RESUMO

Se revisa la vida de este gran inventor, sus aportes principales a la calidad de vida disfrutada en la actualidad y los que realizó a la radiología.


Assuntos
Física/história , Radiologia/história , Estados Unidos
7.
Mini Rev Med Chem ; 9(14): 1676-7, 2009 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20105124

RESUMO

Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) is one of the most controversial, most ambivalent and most important figures in the history of modern science. The debate surrounding him with respect to nuclear weapons and National Socialism appears unending. Even though Heisenberg's uncertainty principle of the quantum system and his involvement in the Nazi atomic bomb project have been thoroughly discussed in various journals over the past decades, no communication has ever been published at a holistic level of his greatest Nobel-prize winning achievement in theoretical physics. In order to fill up this hole, this piece explicitly communicates the Heisenberg's paradox at all levels of science.


Assuntos
Física/história , Alemanha , História do Século XX , Humanos , Prêmio Nobel , Armas Nucleares , Teoria Quântica/história , Responsabilidade Social
9.
In. Gutiérrez, Claudio; Gutiérrez, Flavio. Forjadores de la ciencia en Chile: problemas y soluciones. Santiago, RIL editores, 2008. p.77-85, ilus.
Monografia em Espanhol | HISA - História da Saúde | ID: his-17494

RESUMO

La gran revolución de la física ocurrida a comienzos del siglo XX fue posible gracias a las bases sentadas en esta disciplina en la segunda mitad del siglo anterior: Una cobinación de avanzada experimentación y teoría con aplicaciones práticas muy exitoras, todo edificado sobre la sólida base de la mecánica clásica. Los resultados de Faraday y Maxwell en electromagnestismo se aplicaban a fuentes de energía y luz elétrica y abrían el camino para la comunicación inalámbrica. La termodinámica, que había permitido la construcción del motor de combustión interna, comenzaba a influir en el diseño de fuentes de calor y plantas químicas. Sin embargo, el punto de quiebre en el conocimiento lo iban a producir otras áreas de la física, entre las cuales destaca la de los fenómenos asociados a las descargas elétricas, que no tenían explicación en términos de la física clásica. En efecto, gracias a experimentos en tubos de descarga se logró, entre otros, el descubriemiento de los rayos X y el electrón, dos hechos fundamentales para el nacimiento de la física del micromundo, la física cuántica. [AU]


Assuntos
História do Século XX , História da Medicina , Física/história , Fenômenos Eletromagnéticos/história , Raios X , Radiologia/história , Radiografia/história , Chile
10.
In. Gutiérrez, Claudio; Gutiérrez, Flavio. Forjadores de la ciencia en Chile: problemas y soluciones. Santiago, RIL, 2008. p.77-85, ilus.
Monografia em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-534822

RESUMO

La gran revolución de la física ocurrida a comienzos del siglo XX fue posible gracias a las bases sentadas en esta disciplina en la segunda mitad del siglo anterior: una cobinación de avanzada experimentación y teoría con aplicaciones práticas muy exitoras, todo edificado sobre la sólida base de la mecánica clásica. Los resultados de Faraday y Maxwell en electromagnestismo se aplicaban a fuentes de energía y luz elétrica y abrían el camino para la comunicación inalámbrica. La termodinámica, que había permitido la construcción del motor de combustión interna, comenzaba a influir en el diseño de fuentes de calor y plantas químicas. Sin embargo, el punto de quiebre en el conocimiento lo iban a producir otras áreas de la física, entre las cuales destaca la de los fenómenos asociados a las descargas elétricas, que no tenían explicación en términos de la física clásica. En efecto, gracias a experimentos en tubos de descarga se logró, entre otros, el descubriemiento de los rayos X y el electrón, dos hechos fundamentales para el nacimiento de la física del micromundo, la física cuántica.


Assuntos
História do Século XX , Fenômenos Eletromagnéticos , Física/história , História da Medicina , Radiografia/história , Radiologia/história , Raios X , Chile
11.
14.
São Paulo; Editora Senac; 2005. 156 p. ilus, graf.(Meio Ambiente, 4).
Monografia em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-601675

RESUMO

O autor explica como a física contribui para os questionamentos e as soluções dos problemas ambientais. De linguagem didática e acessível, mas sem sacrificar o caráter técnico de sua abordagem, esse livro é direcionado a estudantes e leigos interessados no assunto. A Série Meio Ambiente apresenta-se no sentido de tornar o tema atualizado e bem fundamentado, aproximando-o de outras áreas do conhecimento e tendo sempre em conta a intenção didática. Série Meio Ambiente nº 4.


Assuntos
Humanos , Meio Ambiente , Física/história
19.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 7(3): 653-74, 2000.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16683339

RESUMO

The reduced number of female students of mathematics at the University of Bahia School of Philosophy (Faculdade de Filosofia, Universidade da Bahia - FF/UBa) is quite surprising. To date, they are concentrated in areas traditionally viewed as feminine whereas men predominate in the mathematical fields. I have examined interview data from a few women who graduated in mathematics and went on to teach at the University of Bahia School of Mathematics (Faculdade de Filosofia - FF) and at the Institute of Mathematics and Physics (Instituto de Matemática e Física - IMF), where they were soon to outnumber men and constitute the majority of the mathematics teaching staff. In this study, I have investigated the course of their careers over time: from their early student days, through their time as teaching assistants and professors, and finally as founders of the Institute of Mathematics and Physics, in 1960. Special reference is made to Martha Maria de Souza Dantas, organizer of the I Brazilian Conference on Mathematics Teaching, an event which has provided the groundwork for what was to become the Institute (IMF); and to Arlete Cerqueira Lima, the mastermind behind its creation.


Assuntos
Matemática , Física , Universidades , Brasil , História do Século XX , Matemática/história , Física/educação , Física/história , Física/tendências , Universidades/história , Universidades/tendências
20.
Rev Museo Fac Odontol B Aires ; 13(27): 14-7, 1998 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11639041

RESUMO

By the end of the 19th century, the quantity of scientists of great value was so big that selecting one for the top prize was not easy at all. Opinions were divided, giving rise to the personal controversy depicted in this article.


Assuntos
Prêmio Nobel , Radiação , História do Século XIX , Física/história
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