RESUMO
Currently, the whole world is facing a life-threatening novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Natural products are well-known for their potential role against viral disease, and some anti-viral agents have been developed to combat these diseases. Herein, the authors investigated the possible effects of this Holy plant Nigella sativa L. (NS), against coronavirus, using evidence-based and mechanistic approaches to conclude the immune-boosting and alleviation of respiratory systemeffects of NS. The pharmacological studies established a prominent role in treating various respiratory, immune systems, cardiovascular, skin, and gastrointestinal disorders. Literature supported the significant anti-viral role and showed an inhibitory role for NS against MHV-A59 CoV (mouse-hepatitis virusA59) infected Hela, i.e., HeLaCEACAM1a (HeLa-epithelial carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1a) cell. NS is a safe herbal product or dietary supplement and could be an effective and affordable community adjuvant treatment for coronavirus in the current scenario.
Actualmente, el mundo entero se enfrenta a una pandemia del nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) que amenaza la vida. Los productos naturales son bien conocidos por su papel potencial contra las enfermedades virales, y se han desarrollado algunos agentes antivirales para combatir estas enfermedades. En este documento, los autores investigaron los posibles efectos de esta planta sagrada Nigella sativa L. (NS), contra el coronavirus, utilizando enfoques mecanicistas y basados en la evidencia para concluir el refuerzo inmunológico y el alivio de los efectos del SN en el sistema respiratorio. Los estudios farmacológicos establecieron un papel destacado en el tratamiento de diversos trastornos respiratorios, del sistema inmunológico, cardiovasculares, cutáneos y gastrointestinales. La literatura apoyó el importante papel antivírico y mostró un papel inhibidor de NS contra células Hela infectadas con MHV-A59 CoV (virus de la hepatitis de ratón-A59), es decir, HeLaCEACAM1a (molécula de adhesión celular 1a relacionada con el antígeno carcinoembrionario epitelial de HeLa). NS es un producto a base de hierbas o un suplemento dietético seguro y podría ser un tratamiento adyuvante comunitario eficaz y asequible para el coronavirus en el escenario actual.
Assuntos
Humanos , Antivirais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Nigella sativa/química , COVID-19/tratamento farmacológico , Antivirais/imunologia , Sistema Respiratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Respiratório/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Antiasmáticos , COVID-19/imunologia , Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays a role in inhibiting immune response. Therapeutic antibodies aimed at blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction have entered clinical development and have been approved for a variety of cancers. However, the clinical benefits are reduced to a group of patients. The research in combined therapies, which allow for a greater response, is strongly encouraging. We previously characterized a polyphenol-rich extract from Caesalpinia spinosa (P2Et) with antitumor activity in both melanoma and breast carcinoma, as well as immunomodulatory activity. We hypothesize that the combined treatment with P2Et and anti-PD-L1 can improve the antitumor response through an additive antitumor effect. We investigated the antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of P2Et and anti-PD-L1 combined therapy in B16-F10 melanoma and 4T1 breast carcinoma. We analyzed tumor growth, hematologic parameters, T cell counts, cytokine expression, and T cell cytotoxicity. In the melanoma model, combined P2Et and anti-PD-L1 therapy has the following effects: decrease in tumor size; increase in the number of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; decrease in the number of suppressor myeloid cells; increase in PD-L1 expression; decrease in the frequency of CD8+ T cell expressing PD-1; improvement in the cytotoxic activity of T cells; and increase in the IFN γ secretion. In the breast cancer model, P2Et and PD-L1 alone or in combination show antitumor effect with no clear additive effect. This study shows that combined therapy of P2Et and anti-PD-L1 can improve antitumor response in a melanoma model by activating the immune response and neutralizing immunosuppressive mechanisms.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Antígeno B7-H1/imunologia , Caesalpinia/imunologia , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/imunologia , Melanoma Experimental/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/imunologia , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade/imunologia , Células MCF-7 , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Polifenóis/imunologiaRESUMO
Currently, the world health sector faces a big problem due to the increase of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics. In 2017, the World Health Organization reported a list of resistant bacteria, among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa was present. This opportunistic pathogen is associated to nosocomial infections, and no effective vaccines against this bacterium have been found. Larrea divaricata Cav. (jarilla) is a shrub highly distributed in America and widely used in folk medicine. In our laboratory, cross-reactivity of antibodies obtained from the recognition of jarilla proteins against proteins from gram-negative bacteria has been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to study the cross-reactivity of anti-L. divaricata antibodies with P. aeruginosa extracellular proteins in order to find an innocuous prophylactic therapy against this nosocomial pathogen. We observed that antibodies generated by proteins from jarilla crude extract recognized antigenic determinants present in extracellular proteins of P. aeruginosa. However, further studies are needed to investigate the neutralizing capacity of these antibodies on the specific enzymatic proteins involved in the pathogenicity of this bacterium.
Assuntos
Reações Cruzadas/imunologia , Larrea/química , Larrea/imunologia , Mimetismo Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Proteínas de Plantas/imunologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunidade Humoral , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Larrea/metabolismo , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The study investigated the influence of atmospheric plasma processing on cashew nut composition as well as on its allergenicity. The cashew nuts were processed by low-pressure plasma, using glow discharge plasma (80â¯W and 50â¯kHz power supply). Anacardic acids and allergens were quantified by HPLC and immunoassay, respectively. Additionally, the overall composition was evaluated by 1H qNMR. Increases in amounts of anacardic acids (15:1, 15:2, and 15:3) and fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic) were detected after all process conditions, with 70.92% of total variance captured using 2 LVs. The total amount of anacardic acids increased from 0.7 to 1.2⯵g·mg-1 of nut. The major change was observed for anacardic acid (C15:3) with an increase from 0.2 to 0.55⯵g/mg of nut for the samples treated with a flow of 10â¯mL·min-1 and 30â¯min of processing. On the other hand, the amount of sucrose decreased, from 33 to 18â¯mg·g-1 of nut, after all processing conditions. Plasma processing of cashew nuts did not affect binding of either the rabbit anti-cashew or human cashew allergic IgE binding. Among the treatments, 10â¯min of plasma processing at flow rate of 30â¯mL·min-1 of synthetic air followed by 20â¯min at flow rate 5.8â¯mL·min-1 had the least effect on nut composition as a whole.
Assuntos
Anacardium , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Irradiação de Alimentos/métodos , Nozes/química , Nozes/imunologia , Alérgenos/análise , Ácidos Anacárdicos/análise , Animais , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/metabolismo , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Hipersensibilidade a Noz/prevenção & controle , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , CoelhosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: House dust mites are important allergen sources and some of these allergenic proteins may contain carbohydrate moieties, which are able to be isolated using lectins, as Concanavalin A (ConA). This study aimed to investigate allergenicity (IgE) and antigenicity (IgG1 and IgG4) of ConA-unbound and ConA-bound Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) crude extracts using sera of mite-allergic patients as well as inhibition capacity of antibody binding. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We obtained mannose-enriched and mannose-depleted fractions from Dpt by ConA affinity chromatography. Both ConA-bound and ConA-unbound fractions were evaluated by ELISA and Western Blotting for specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 reactivity with sera obtained from 95 mite-allergic patients (DP+) and 92 nonallergic (NA) subjects. Inhibition ELISA was used to assess cross-reactivity between Dpt extract and its fractions. RESULTS: Among the DP+ patients, no difference was found between ConA-unbound and ConA-bound fractions regarding the levels of specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG4. Nonallergic subjects had the same levels of specific IgG1 to both ConA-unbound and ConA-bound fractions, although for specific IgG4, values were higher for ConA-bound. A positive correlation was found among specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 levels when Dpt was compared to ConA-unbound and ConA-bound fractions. Recognition of crude Dpt by IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 was highly inhibited by ConA-unbound and ConA-bound fractions. Western Blotting revealed a broad spectrum of bands ranging from 14 to 116 kDa recognized by specific IgE and IgG4. However, IgG1 reached higher frequency values on high molecular weight polypeptides. CONCLUSION: ConA-unbound and ConA-bound fractions derived from D. pteronyssinus crude extract revealed important components involved in the IgE recognition in allergic patients as well as IgG1 and/or IgG4 in allergic and healthy subjects.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Adulto , Alérgenos/química , Animais , Concanavalina A/química , Concanavalina A/imunologia , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/química , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Glicosilação , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/química , Imunoglobulina G/química , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Pyroglyphidae/química , Pyroglyphidae/imunologiaRESUMO
Saponin-based adjuvants are promising adjuvants that enhance both humoral and T-cell-mediated immunity. One of the most used natural products as vaccine adjuvants are Quillaja saponaria bark saponins and its fraction named Quil A®. Despite that, its use has been restricted for human use due to safety issues. As an alternative, our group has been studying the congener species Quillaja brasiliensis saponins and its performance as vaccine adjuvants, which have shown to trigger humoral and cellular immune responses comparable to Quil A® but with milder side effects. Here, we studied a semi purified aqueous extract (AE) and a previously little characterized saponin-enriched fraction (QB-80) from Q. brasiliensis as vaccine adjuvants and an inactivated virus (bovine viral diarrhea virus, BVDV) antigen co-formulated in experimental vaccines in mice model. For the first time, we show the spectra pattern of the Q. brasiliensis saponins by MALDI-TOF, a novel and cost-effective method that could be used to characterize different batches during saponins production. Both AE and QB-80 exhibited noteworthy chemical similarities to Quil A®. In addition, the haemolytic activity and toxicity were assessed, showing that both AE and QB-80 were less toxic than Quil A®. When subcutaneously inoculated in mice, both fractions promoted long-term strong antibody responses encompassing specific IgG1 and IgG2a, enhanced the avidity of IgG antibodies, induced a robust DTH reaction and significantly increased IFN-É£ production in T CD4+ and T CD8+ cells. Furthermore, we have proven herein that AE has the potential to promote dose-sparing, substantially reducing the dose of antigen required for the BVDV vaccines and still eliciting a mixed Th1/Th2 strong immune response. Based on these results, and considering that AE is a raw extract, easier and cheaper to produce than commercially available saponins, this product can be considered as candidate to be escalated from experimental to industrial uses.
Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/imunologia , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Quillaja/química , Saponinas/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/química , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/prevenção & controle , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Bovinos , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 1/imunologia , Relação Dose-Resposta Imunológica , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Saponinas de Quilaia/administração & dosagem , Saponinas de Quilaia/efeitos adversos , Saponinas de Quilaia/imunologia , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/economia , Saponinas/isolamento & purificação , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Equilíbrio Th1-Th2 , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagemAssuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Infecções por Piscirickettsiaceae/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Salmão/imunologia , Animais , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Doenças dos Peixes/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Heliotropium/química , Piscirickettsia , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Terpenos/imunologia , Terpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
It was purposed to evaluate the biological potential of ethanol and isopropanol crude extracts of ripe Physalis peruviana fruits. Cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of the expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were evaluated on human cervical cancer (HeLa) and murine fibroblast (L929) cells. The composition was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography diode-array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet/visible detection. The presence of ursolic acid and rosmarinic acid was found in both solvents. However, gallic acid, quercetin, and epicatechin were higher in isopropanol extracts ( P < .05). The results indicated a relationship among the total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic activity that was dependent on the solvent used. Isopropanol extracts presented a half-maximal inhibition concentration value (IC50) of 60.48 ± 3.8 µg/mL for HeLa cells and 66.62 ± 2.67 µg/mL for L929 fibroblasts. The extracts reduced the release of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and MCP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Extracts showed anticancer and immunomodulatory potential for new complementary pharmaceutical products development.
Assuntos
Physalis , Extratos Vegetais , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Quimiocina CCL2/imunologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , Feminino , Fibroblastos/imunologia , Frutas , Células HeLa , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Interleucinas/imunologia , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/imunologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapiaRESUMO
A saponin fraction extracted from Quillaja brasiliensis leaves (QB-90) and a semi-purified aqueous extract (AE) were evaluated as adjuvants in a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccine in mice. Animals were immunized on days 0 and 14 with antigen plus either QB-90 or AE or an oil-adjuvanted vaccine. Two-weeks after boosting, antibodies were measured by ELISA; cellular immunity was evaluated by DTH, lymphoproliferation, cytokine release and single cell IFN-γ production. Serum anti-BVDV IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b were significantly increased in QB-90- and AE-adjuvanted vaccines. A robust DTH response, increased splenocyte proliferation, Th1-type cytokines and enhanced production of IFN-γ by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes were detected in mice that received QB-90-adjuvanted vaccine. The AE-adjuvanted preparation stimulated humoral responses but not cellular immune responses. These findings reveal that QB-90 is capable of stimulating both cellular and humoral immune responses when used as adjuvant.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 1/imunologia , Imunidade Celular , Imunidade Humoral , Saponinas de Quilaia/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Bovinos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidade Tardia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Interferon gama/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Quillaja/química , Saponinas de Quilaia/administração & dosagem , Saponinas de Quilaia/isolamento & purificação , Células Th1/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (Malpighiaceae) are traditionally used to treat various diseases including inflammatory conditions. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the polar constituents from the butanolic fraction of B. verbascifolia leaves (BvBF), as well as to investigate the mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory activity. The polar constituents were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and mass spectrometry (LC-DADMS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to obtain a complete chemical profile of the fraction. Forty-five compounds were detected in the BvBF by LC-DADMS/MS, including condensed tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids (flavones and flavonols) and other compounds. In addition, several condensed tannins were identified by MALDI-MS/MS, which are composed predominantly by procyanidin units (PCY) and up to six flavan-3-ol units. The BvBF exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The BvBF inhibited paw edema and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte migration to the footpad and pleural cavity induced by carrageenan. Furthermore, a minor dose (12.50 mg/kg) of BvBF effectively decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in the footpad. These findings suggest that the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action in the BvBF is linked to the inhibition of the production of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and PGE2 and the PMN cell migration.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/imunologia , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Malpighiaceae/imunologia , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Butanóis/química , Carragenina , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
There is a rapidly increasing literature pointing to the success of probiotics, immunostimulants, plant products and oral vaccines in immunomodulation, namely stimulation of the innate, cellular and/or humoral immune response, and the control of bacterial fish diseases. Probiotics are regarded as live micro-organisms administered orally and leading to health benefits. However, in contrast with the use in terrestrial animals, a diverse range of micro-organisms have been evaluated in aquaculture with the mode of action often reflecting immunomodulation. Moreover, the need for living cells has been questioned. Also, key subcellular components, including lipopolysaccharides, have been attributed to the beneficial effect in fish. Here, there is a link with immunostimulants, which may also be administered orally. Furthermore, numerous plant products have been reported to have health benefits, namely protection against disease for which stimulation of some immune parameters has been reported. Oral vaccines confer protection against some diseases, although the mode of action is usually linked to humoral rather than the innate and cellular immune responses. This review explores the relationship between probiotics, immunostimulants, plant products and oral vaccines.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Doenças dos Peixes/prevenção & controle , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Probióticos , Administração Oral , Animais , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Declining immune function poses an important clinical challenge worldwide and supplementation with natural products that possessing immune enhancing properties is a promising approach for preventing or delaying immune function decline. Cocoons from yellow silkworms are a significant source of lutein, and this unexplored silk extract could be a viable alternative source for dietary lutein. This study assessed immunomodulatory activities of the silk lutein extract. Female BALB/c mice orally received lutein, either as silk or marigold extracts (10 or 20 mg/kg daily), or vehicle only (1% tween 80 in PBS pH 7.4) for 4 weeks. Natural killer (NK) cell activity, specific antibody production, lymphocyte subpopulations, mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine production were examined. RESULTS: Silk lutein extract increased NK cell activity, and the effect was dose-related whereas marigold lutein extract was ineffective. Silk lutein extract dose-dependently enhanced antibody production in pre-immunized mice but marigold lutein extract had no effect. Feeding with silk lutein extract increased the populations of CD3+ and CD4 + CD3 + cells. Silk lutein extract also stimulated concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferations of T and B lymphocytes, respectively. Moreover, silk lutein extract increased IL-2 and IFN-γ production while the effect of marigold lutein extract was undetectable. CONCLUSIONS: Together, silk lutein extract enhanced both innate and adaptive immune functions. This preparation may prove to be an effective supplement for strengthened immunity.
Assuntos
Exoesqueleto/química , Bombyx/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/análise , Luteína/imunologia , Seda/imunologia , Extratos de Tecidos/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Heterófilos/sangue , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Bombyx/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Flores/imunologia , Interferon gama/análise , Interleucina-10/análise , Interleucina-2/análise , Interleucina-4/análise , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Luteína/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Pupa/imunologia , Pupa/metabolismo , Seda/química , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Tagetes/imunologia , Extratos de Tecidos/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Declining immune function poses an important clinical challenge worldwide and supplementation with natural products that possessing immune enhancing properties is a promising approach for preventing or delaying immune function decline. Cocoons from yellow silkworms are a significant source of lutein, and this unexplored silk extract could be a viable alternative source for dietary lutein. This study assessed immunomodulatory activities of the silk lutein extract. Female BALB/c mice orally received lutein, either as silk or marigold extracts (10 or 20 mg/kg daily), or vehicle only (1% tween 80 in PBS pH 7.4) for 4 weeks. Natural killer (NK) cell activity, specific antibody production, lymphocyte subpopulations, mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine production were examined. RESULTS: Silk lutein extract increased NK cell activity, and the effect was dose-related whereas marigold lutein extract was ineffective. Silk lutein extract dose-dependently enhanced antibody production in pre-immunized mice but marigold lutein extract had no effect. Feeding with silk lutein extract increased the populations of CD3+ and CD4 + CD3 + cells. Silk lutein extract also stimulated concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferations of T and B lymphocytes, respectively. Moreover, silk lutein extract increased IL-2 and IFN-γ production while the effect of marigold lutein extract was undetectable. CONCLUSIONS: Together, silk lutein extract enhanced both innate and adaptive immune functions. This preparation may prove to be an effective supplement for strengthened immunity.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Bombyx/imunologia , Extratos de Tecidos/imunologia , Luteína/imunologia , Seda/imunologia , Exoesqueleto/química , Fatores Imunológicos/análise , Pupa/imunologia , Pupa/metabolismo , Bombyx/metabolismo , Extratos de Tecidos/farmacologia , Luteína/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Heterófilos/sangue , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-4/análise , Interferon gama/análise , Interleucina-2/análise , Interleucina-10/análise , Tagetes/imunologia , Flores/imunologia , Seda/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Citometria de Fluxo , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
Fish farming crops are constantly exposed to infectious diseases due to intensive production conditions under which microorganisms develop and spread easily, resulting in severe economic losses. The massive use of antibiotics to control these diseases has lead to the accumulation of residues and the development of drug resistance. Consequently, it is urgent to develop new pharmacological tools to stimulate protective immune responses in salmonids to combat infectious diseases. We evaluated the immunostimulant activity of terpenoid derivatives isolated from species of the Heliotropium genus, which had previously shown antiviral activity in salmon. The immunomodulatory effects of the 3 H-spiro [1-benzofuran-2,1'-ciclohexane] derivative called filifolinone, were studied in vitro using the SHK-1 cell line derived from leucocytes of salmon head kidney and in vivo in Atlantic salmon. For the evaluation, we studied the effect of this compound in the expression of various cytokines. The results showed that Filifolinone increases the levels of expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This suggests that Filifolinone is a potential alternative immunomodulator for veterinary purposes.
Assuntos
Citocinas/biossíntese , Doenças dos Peixes/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Salmão/imunologia , Terpenos/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Citocinas/imunologia , Heliotropium/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Terpenos/imunologiaRESUMO
Larrea divaricata is widely used in folk medicine to treat different pathologies, but little is known about its immunological properties. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which causes several intrahospitalary infections. We aimed to assess the immunological relation between proteins from a crude extract of L. divaricata Cav. (JPCE) and cellular and extracellular proteins (EP) of P. aeruginosa, as well as to establish the cross reactivity between proteins of both species using a mouse anti-JPCE serum. Protein profiles of JPCE and P. aeruginosa were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The percentage of similarity of protein bands between these two species was 43-57%. However, JPCE proteins were immunogenic. The reactivity of mouse anti-JPCE antibodies against different fractions was studied by western blot. The anti-JPCE serum detected several antigenic bands on different bacterial proteins. Several common immunoreactive bands were detected (27-100%) when bacterial proteins were incubated with anti-JPCE serum (heterologous reaction) and anti-bacterial proteins serum (homologous reaction). By enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) assays, high titers of anti-JPCE against different types of cellular bacterial fractions were observed (1/1280-1/2080). Our data clearly demonstrate that antibodies elicited with L. divaricata crude extract are able to cross-react with cellular and EP of P.aeruginosa. These findings could be relevant in the development of alternatives therapies for patients suffering intrahospitalary opportunistic infections with P.aeruginosa.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias , Larrea , Extratos Vegetais , Proteínas de Plantas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Reações Cruzadas , Feminino , Larrea/química , Larrea/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/imunologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/química , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/imunologiaAssuntos
Alérgenos , Hipersensibilidade/diagnóstico , Alérgenos/imunologia , Animais , Gatos , Cynodon/química , Cynodon/imunologia , Europa (Continente) , Glicoproteínas/imunologia , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , México , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/normas , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes Cutâneos/normas , Equivalência Terapêutica , Extratos de Tecidos/imunologia , Extratos de Tecidos/normas , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The evidence that exhaustive exercise may compromise the immune response is mainly confirmed by upper respiratory tract infections which are probably related to the decrease in secretory immunoglobulin A in the upper airway mucosa and/or profile changes of systemic cytokines as well as local cytokines of the upper respiratory tract. An extract from Pelargonium sidoides roots is currently used to treat infections in the upper airways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the action of this herbal medicine on the immune response of athletes submitted to an intense running session by analyzing the production of immunoglobulin A in their saliva and of cytokines both locally and systemically, using a placebo as control. The results show that Pelargonium sidoides extract modulates the production of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva, both interleukin-15 and interleukin-6 in serum, and interleukin-15 in the nasal mucosa. Secretory immunoglobulin A levels were increased, while levels of IL-15 and IL-6 were decreased. Based on this evidence, we suggest that this herbal medicine can exert a strong modulating influence on the immune response associated with the upper airway mucosa in athletes submitted to intense physical activity.
Assuntos
Imunoglobulina A Secretora/metabolismo , Interleucina-15/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Pelargonium/química , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Adulto , Atletas , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/análise , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/sangue , Interleucina-15/análise , Interleucina-6/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa Nasal/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Raízes de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Corrida/fisiologia , Saliva/imunologiaRESUMO
CONTEXT: Euphorbiaceae plants exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. METHODS: We evaluated the activity of 14 extracts from seven Euphorbiaceae plants on primary immune cell cultures from healthy individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were exposed to the extracts w/o phytohaemagglutinin A or cycloheximide as agents that induce proliferation or apoptosis in PBMC, respectively. RESULTS: We found that five up to 14 Euphorbiaceae's extracts had the ability to modulate at least one of the immune parameters evaluated in this study. However, only the latex extracts of Euphorbia cotinifolia and Euphorbia tirucalli strongly induced both proliferation and apoptosis in PBMC. These extracts were further subfractioned by silica gel column chromatography. Two subfractions with enhanced activity in comparison to the crude extracts were obtained. Although these subfractions induced proliferation on both CD3(+) and CD3(-) cells, the most prominent effects were observed in the former subpopulation. Interestingly, the subfraction from E. tirucalli induced lymphocyte proliferation without the need of accessory cells; this ability was not inhibited by the carbohydrates d-galactose and α-Methyl-D-Mannopyranoside. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these results reveal the presence of novel candidates within the Euphorbia plants to induce proliferation and apoptosis in human lymphocytes, mainly in CD3(+) T cells.
Assuntos
Euphorbiaceae/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/imunologia , Cultura Primária de CélulasRESUMO
Eosinophils are leukocytes that are present in several body compartments and in the blood at relatively low numbers under normal conditions. However, an increase in the number of eosinophils, in the blood or in the tissues, is observed in allergic or parasitic disorders. Although some progress has been made in understanding the development of eosinophil-mediated inflammation in allergic and parasitic diseases, the discovery of new compounds to control eosinophilia has lagged behind other advances. Plant-derived secondary metabolites are the basis for many drugs currently used to treat pathologic conditions, including eosinophilic diseases. Several studies, including our own, have demonstrated that plant extracts and secondary metabolites can reduce eosinophilia and eosinophil recruitment in different experimental animal models. In this review, we summarize these studies and describe the anti-eosinophilic activity of various plant extracts, such as Ginkgo biloba, Allium cepa, and Lafoensia pacari, as well as those of secondary metabolites (compounds isolated from plant extracts), such as quercetin and ellagic acid. In addition, we highlight the medical potential of these plant-derived compounds for treating eosinophil-mediated inflammation, such as asthma and allergy.
Assuntos
Eosinofilia/tratamento farmacológico , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais/imunologia , Animais , Eosinófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eosinófilos/patologia , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Plantas Medicinais/metabolismoRESUMO
Snakebites comprise a serious health problem in several countries due to their global incidence, which exceeds 2.5 million per year, and the elevated number of victim fatalities. To counteract envenomations, antivenoms have been used regularly for more than a century. Apart from side effects including anaphylactic reactions, antivenoms are not able to efficiently neutralize local tissue damage, which contributes to increasing the severity and morbidity observed in patients. This fact, in turn, may be responsible for economic hardship, particularly in rural populations of developing countries. In the present work, we evaluated the antiophidian properties of 12 Brazilian plant extracts against the hemolytic, coagulant, hemorrhagic and proteolytic effects of Lachesis muta venom. Taken together, our data revealed that most of these aqueous products were capable of inhibiting those activities at different levels, except for Sapindus saponaria extract. In contrast, Stryphnodendron barbatiman extract completely neutralized all the analyzed biological activities. Thus, we may conclude that Brazilian flora may also be useful against L. muta accidents.(AU)