RESUMO
Objetivo. Evaluar la toxicidad aguda de los extractos etanólicos del Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (eucalipto), Morinda citrifolia L. (noni), Peperomia glauca (pino) (congona), Schinus molle L. (molle) y Zea mays L. (Maíz morado) en ratones Balb/c 53. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 60 ratones machos divididos en seis grupos (eucalipto, noni, congona, molle, maíz morado y control). Los grupos tratados recibieron por vía oral una dosis única de 2000 mg/kg de los extractos etanólicos, y el grupo control recibió polisorbato 2 mL/kg al 3%. Se evaluó ganancia de peso, valores hematológicos (hematocrito, eritrocitos, hemograma, leucocitos, plaquetas), bioquímica sérica (úrea, creatinina, ALT, proteínas totales, albumina, globulinas), histopatología hepática y renal. Resultados. Se observó signos de inquietud, excitación y aparente fotosensibilidad en el grupo eucalipto, por una hora. Se encontró leucopenia en grupos congona, molle, eucalipto y maíz morado; trombocitopenia en grupos eucalipto y molle, y elevación del ALT en los grupos congona y eucalipto, en comparación con los valores del grupo control. La ganancia de peso, los demás valores hematológicos, así como la bioquímica renal y hepática en los otros grupos no fueron significativos. Conclusiones. En las condiciones experimentales no se observó signos de toxicidad ni mortalidad en el ensayo; la DL50 de los extractos etanólicos estaría sobre los 2000 mg/kg.
Objective. This study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity of ethanolic extracts of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Eucalipto), Morinda citrifolia L. (noni), Peperomia glauca (pino) (Congona), Schinus molle L. (molle) y Zea mays L. (maíz morado) in Balb/c mice. Materials and methods. Sixty male mice were divided into 6 groups (Eucalipto, Noni, Congona, Molle, Maíz morado and Control) of 10 each were used. The guide for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD 423) was followed for the study. The treated group received for gavage a single dose at 2000 mg/kg and the control group received polysorbate at 2 mL/kg at 3%. Weight gain, hematological values (hematocrit, erythrocytes, hemogram, leukocytes, platelets), serum biochemistry (urea, creatinine, ALT, total proteins, albumin, globulins), hepatic and renal histopathology were performed. Results. No signs of mortality and morbidity were observed as a consequence of the administration of the extracts, except for the Eucalipto group, which presented restlessness, excitation and apparent photosensitivity for one hour. There was leukopenia in Congona, Molle, Eucalipto and Maíz morado groups; thrombocytopenia in groups Eucalipto and Molle; and elevations of ALT in Congona and Eucalipto groups in comparison than the values from control group. Weight gain and other hematological values, as well as renal and hepatic biochemistry in the other groups were not significant. Conclusions. Under experimental conditions no signs of toxicity or mortality were observed in the trial; the LD50 of the ethanolic extracts would be above 2000 mg/kg.
Assuntos
Schinus molle/toxicidade , Zea mays/toxicidade , Peperomia/toxicidade , Morinda/toxicidade , Eucalyptus/toxicidade , Plantas Medicinais , Extratos Vegetais , Testes de Toxicidade , Medicina Tradicional , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
Oils extracted from various species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus badjensis Beuzev & Welch, Eucalyptus badjensis x Eucalyptus nitens, Eucalyptus benthamii variety dorrigoensis Maiden & Cambage, Eucalyptus botryoides Smith, Eucalyptus dalrympleana Maiden, Eucalyptus fastigata Deane & Maiden, Eucalyptus nobilis L.A.S. Johnson & K. D. Hill, Eucalyptus polybractea R. Baker, Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata Sieber ex Spreng, Eucalyptus resinifera Smith, Eucalyptus robertsonii Blakely, Eucalyptus rubida Deane & Maiden, Eucalyptus smithii R. Baker, Eucalyptus elata Dehnh, Eucalyptus fraxinoides Deane & Maiden, E. obliqua L'Hér) were obtained by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of essential oils was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Essential oils were mainly composed of 1,8-cineole, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpineol, 4-terpineol, and p-cymene. Vapors from these essential oils and their major components were found to be toxic to Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) adults. An aliquot of each oil was placed in a cylindrical test chamber, and the number of knocked down flies was recorded as a function of time. Knockdown time 50% was then calculated. Results showed that essential oil of E. polybractea had the highest knockdown activity of 3.44 min. A correlation was observed between the content of 1,8-cineole in the Eucalyptus essential oils and the corresponding toxic effect.
Assuntos
Eucalyptus/toxicidade , Fumigação/efeitos adversos , Controle de Insetos/métodos , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Muscidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/toxicidade , Animais , Argentina , Eucalyptus/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/toxicidade , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Calendula officinalis L., Psidium guajava L., Eucaliptus spp. y Phyllanthus orbicularis HBK against the hepatitis B virus were evaluated at subtoxic concentrations in the in vitro PLC/PRF/5 system or Alexander cells, a cell line expressing constitutively the virus surface antigen (AgsHB). The cell viability parameter that was measured by the calculation of the mean cytotoxic concentration values (CC50): Eucalyptus spp. showed a lower toxicity in the cells, followed by Psidium guajava L., Phyllanthus orbicularis, and finally Calendula officinalis that had a much higher toxicity than the previous extracts. Later on, it was studied the behaviour of the production of intracellular and extracellular HBsAg of the cells at different concentrations of the extracts during 48 hours of treatment. The data obtained showed an inhibitory activity in the case of Phyllanthus orbicularis, as well as for the eucaliptus extract. With the guava extract, the activity was lower than in the 2 previous cases, whereas calendula did not show any inhibition to the assayed concentrations, which proves the absence of the activity searched in this extract.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Calendula/química , Calendula/toxicidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/virologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cuba , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Eucalyptus/química , Eucalyptus/toxicidade , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Phyllanthus/química , Phyllanthus/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/toxicidade , Psidium/química , Psidium/toxicidadeRESUMO
The response of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel workers to essential oils, epicuticular wax and hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Eucalyptus maculata was evaluated. Hexane extracts of E. maculata interfered with the recognition mechanism among workers. The main active compounds identified from this plant were the sesquiterpenes elemol and beta-eudesmol. These compounds may be responsible for the resistance of this species to ant attack.
Assuntos
Formigas/efeitos dos fármacos , Eucalyptus/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Animais , Formigas/fisiologia , Brasil , Eucalyptus/toxicidade , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano/química , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
El presente trabajo se desarrolló en la Unidad Provincial de Toxicología Experimental de Camagüey con el objeto de realizar el estudio toxicológico agudo del Eucalytus saligna Sm. Para el desarrollo del mismo se utilizó el método de las clases de toxicidad aguda, a partir de dosis prefijdas de 25, 200 y 2000 mg/kg PC. La especie empleada fue Rathus rathus, línea Wistar, con un peso corporal comprendido entre 150 y 200 g. Se observaron signos tóxicos en la dosis de 2 000 mg/kg PC tales como: letargo, somnolencia y disminución de la respuesta a estímulos; y en la dosis de 200 mg/kg PC no se observaron estos. Se pudo comprobar que la decocción de Eucalyptus saligna Sm. no es tóxica, al no ocurrir mortalidad a la dosis de 2 000 mg/kg que es la dosis límite según la norma utilizada