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Because of its association with severe gastric pathologies, including gastric cancer, Helicobacter pylori has been subject of research for more than 30 years. Its capacity to adapt and survive in the human stomach can be attributed to its genetic flexibility. Its natural competence and its capacity to turn genes on and off allows H. pylori to adapt rapidly to the changing conditions of its host. Because of its genetic variability, it is difficult to establish the uniqueness of each strain obtained from a human host. The methods considered to-date to deliver the best result for differentiation of strains are Rapid Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) analysis. While RAPD analysis is cost-effective, it requires a stable genome for its reliability. MLST and WGS are optimal for strain identification, however, they require analysis of data at the bioinformatics level. Using the StainFree method, which modifies tryptophan residues on proteins using 2, 2, 2, - trichloroethanol (TCE), we observed a strain specific pattern of tryptophan in 1D acrylamide gels. In order to establish the effectiveness of tryptophan fingerprinting for strain identification, we compared the graphic analysis of tryptophan-labelled bands in the gel images with MLST results. Based on this, we find that tryptophan banding patterns can be used as an alternative method for the differentiation of H. pylori strains. Furthermore, investigating the origin for these differences, we found that H. pylori strains alters the number and/or position of tryptophan present in several proteins at the genetic code level, with most exchanges taking place in membrane- and cation-binding proteins, which could be part of a novel response of H. pylori to host adaptation.

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Exogenous ethephon and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments are used worldwide to improve the coloring of red table grapes, but there is little information about their impact on the quality of white grapes and wines. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of exogenous ethephon and ABA applications at veraison on the composition of ‘Verdejo white grapes, and on the quality of their wines. To attain this objective, a field trial was carried out in a ‘Verdejo/110 Richter vineyard located in north-central Spain. Two levels of ethephon (0 and 1500 mg L−1) and ABA (0 and 800 mg L−1) were sprayed on clusters at veraison, in a factorial design for three consecutive seasons. Ethephon and ABA had additive effects, decreasing titratable acidity and increasing pH of the must, which could be exploited by accelerating the grape ripening process in cold-climate zones. Nevertheless, each growth regulator affected the composition and sensory analysis of the wines differently. Ethephon treatments produced wines with lower concentration of acids and better flavor quality than those made from untreated plants, while wines with ABA applications tended to have a higher ethanol concentration and poorer aroma quality than controls. The wines submitted to treatments with ethephon obtained the best overall evaluation in the sensory analysis throughout the trial.(AU)

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RESUMO

Exogenous ethephon and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments are used worldwide to improve the coloring of red table grapes, but there is little information about their impact on the quality of white grapes and wines. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of exogenous ethephon and ABA applications at veraison on the composition of ‘Verdejo’ white grapes, and on the quality of their wines. To attain this objective, a field trial was carried out in a ‘Verdejo’/110 Richter vineyard located in north-central Spain. Two levels of ethephon (0 and 1500 mg L−1) and ABA (0 and 800 mg L−1) were sprayed on clusters at veraison, in a factorial design for three consecutive seasons. Ethephon and ABA had additive effects, decreasing titratable acidity and increasing pH of the must, which could be exploited by accelerating the grape ripening process in cold-climate zones. Nevertheless, each growth regulator affected the composition and sensory analysis of the wines differently. Ethephon treatments produced wines with lower concentration of acids and better flavor quality than those made from untreated plants, while wines with ABA applications tended to have a higher ethanol concentration and poorer aroma quality than controls. The wines submitted to treatments with ethephon obtained the best overall evaluation in the sensory analysis throughout the trial.

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Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do ethephon sobre o raleio químico das frutas de tangerineira "Ponkan". O ethephon foi aplicado nas tangerineiras em dois estádios de desenvolvimento das frutas: um e dois cm de diâmetro, sendo testadas quatro concentrações: 0,0; 100; 200 e 400mg L-1. Foram utilizadas três plantas úteis por parcela, com quatro repetições, perfazendo um total de 96 plantas. A qualidade das frutas foi avaliada a prtir das características: massa fresca da fruta, diâmetro transversal e longitudinal da fruta, número de gomos, número de sementes, sólidos solúveis (°Brix), pH do suco, acidez titulável, relação sólidos solúveis/acidez (ratio) e produção. A aplicação de ethephon na concentração de 400mg L-1, no estádio de desenvolvimento de dois cm para o raleio químico da tangerineira "Ponkan" proporciona o melhor resultado com maior massa fresca das frutas, quando comparado com o resultado da não aplicação do produto.(AU)

The aim of this research was to evaluate the ethephon effect on chemical thinning of the mandarin fruits 'Ponkan'. The ethephon was applied in the plants of mandarin in two development stages of the fruits: one and two cm of diameter, being tested four concentrations, 0,0; 100; 200 and 400mg L-1. Three experimental units with four repetitions were used, in a total of 96 plants. The quality of the fruits was evaluated with the characteristics of average weight of the fruit, transversal and longitudinal diameter of the fruit, corners and seed numbers, soluble solids (°Brix); pH of the juice, titratable acidity, ratio between °Brix and acidity (ratio) and production. The ethephon application for the chemical thinning of the mandarin 'Ponkan' at 400mg L-1 concentration in the development stage of two cm provide the best result with increase in weight of the fruits when compared to the non-chemical application.(AU)

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O objetivo do presente trabalho é estudar morfometricamente as alterações presentes no epitélio da lingua do feto de ratas que receberam aguardentes de cana. O alcoolismo materno durante a gestação induz retardo do crescimento e diferenciação celular no epitélio da lingua do feto de rata, com aumento dos volumes nuclear, citoplasmático e celular, diminuição da espessura do epitélio e da camada de ceratina e da densidade numérica celular

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A análise dos teores residuais verificada em sondas endotraqueais de diversos diâmetros internos, em funçäo dos tipos de embalagens utilizados, nas diversas posiçöes na câmara de esterilizaçäo, revelou baixos teores residuais de óxido de etileno, em embalagem de papel grau cirúrgico verso polipropileno. Altos teores foram verificados em embalagens de filme de poliamida com poliamida. Näo foram detectados teores significativos de etilenocloridrina e etilenoglicol

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