RESUMO
Introduction: Public concern for the mental health of university students has been rising over recent years. Newly arising stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic could contribute to further mental health burden for students. This study aimed to understand the mental health status of university students at an early stage in the pandemic and to identify academic, non-academic, and COVID-19-related predictors of common mental health difficulties at this time. Methods: This study examined how academic and non-academic predictors relate to common mental health difficulties using a cross-sectional sample of university students (n = 3817). Results: There were high levels of depression and anxiety during the pandemic, with more than 50% experiencing levels above the clinical cut offs. Academic stress, social isolation, intolerance of uncertainty, and more negative attitudes towards remote teaching and learning predicted higher levels of depression and anxiety. University identification predicted lower levels of depression whereas receiving a diagnosis of COVID-19 was associated with higher levels of depression. Discussion: This study identified COVID-19-related factors that uniquely contributed to students' distress during the pandemic, over and above social connectivity variables. As COVID-19 factors, such as the uncertainty surrounding the pandemic, may have driven an increase in distress levels among students, these findings provide insights that could help universities and policymakers develop targeted interventions to support the mental health and well-being of university students during future crises.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Depressão , Saúde Mental , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Humanos , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Universidades , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Adulto Jovem , Depressão/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adulto , Adolescente , Pandemias , Isolamento Social/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Maladaptive eating behaviors remain prevalent in the US population, and a significant percentage of US college students acknowledge engaging in maladaptive eating. Formally defined eating disorders (EDs) have one of the highest mortality rates among all mental illnesses. Suicide risk is substantially elevated among individuals diagnosed with EDs, and even subclinical levels of maladaptive eating behaviors are associated with suicidality. The current study examined associations between specific problematic eating behaviors measured dimensionally (eg, purging, binging, laxative use) and specific suicide-related constructs and behaviors as well as overall suicide risk. METHODS: College students (N=188; 62% women) completed the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, a well-established measure of dysfunctional eating, as well as several self-report measures of theoretical components of suicidality, and, finally, a semistructured clinical interview to specify suicide risk category. RESULTS: Results showed a general pattern of moderate and strong associations between the subscales and the overall score of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire and core suicide constructs of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide. Many substantive correlations were found between specific eating behaviors and specific suicide-related behaviors; for example, purging was the highest correlate of overall suicide risk (ρ=0.36). DISCUSSION: These results are discussed in terms of consistency with the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide as well as practical implications for intervention.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Ideação Suicida , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Adolescente , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Suicídio/psicologia , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , UniversidadesRESUMO
This study probes the mechanism of artificial intelligence's (AI's) influence on Chinese college students' willingness to participate in online politics and constructs a theoretical model based on the theory of planned behavior. Through the analysis of questionnaire data acquired from up to 317 Chinese college students in total, it turns out that the use of AI affects Chinese college students' willingness to the participation of online political practice significantly and positively, and such online political participation cognition of Chinese college students plays a mediating role, three aspects of which included as the followings on behavioral attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Additionly, media literacy level plays a moderating role in online political participation cognition and willingness to participate. All the findings highlight the importance of optimizing the online political participation environment, enhancing college students' cognition of political participation, and improving media literacy in the context of the digital era, which provides practical guidance for promoting healthy and positive online political participation among college students.
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Inteligência Artificial , Internet , Política , Estudantes , Humanos , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Universidades , China , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Adolescente , AtitudeRESUMO
Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women, HPV vaccine can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer by approximately 70%. Sexual behavior is a direct risk factor for HPV infection, and sexually active college students, therefore, receive attention for HPV vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the awareness of HPV and its vaccine among college students in Zhengzhou, and to explore the factors influencing their awareness of HPV vaccine, to understand college students' willingness to receive the vaccine. The findings of this study will lay a foundation for cervical cancer prevention. Methods: Using a multistage random sampling method, 650 college students from four universities in Zhengzhou were selected. A self-administered questionnaire on the awareness of HPV and its vaccine, and willingness to receive HPV vaccination was carried out. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing students' awareness of the HPV vaccine. Results: 58.0% of college students had heard of HPV, and 72.8% of college students had heard of HPV vaccine. Logistic regression showed that gender, major, grade, mean monthly consumption level, sexual history, and mother cervical cancer screening participation significantly influenced the awareness of HPV vaccine (p < 0.05). Only 27(4.2%) college students had received the HPV vaccine. 63.2% of college students expressed their willingness to get vaccinated. Conclusion: The awareness of HPV and its vaccine among college students in Zhengzhou needs improvement. Although the vaccination rate is low, most college students are willing to be vaccinated. Diverse health education programs should be conducted for different groups to improve awareness of cervical cancer prevention and promote vaccination.
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Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Estudantes , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Humanos , Feminino , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/administração & dosagem , China , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Universidades , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim is to study the main factors of youth's Internet dependence formation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: We conducted psychodiagnostic examination of students in the National Academy of Internal Affairs. The research involved 154 students: full-time students aged 18-25 (n = 78) and part-time students aged 26-35 (n = 76). RESULTS: Results: The degree of prevalence of various types of Internet dependence among young people was determined. It was determined that the problem of Internet dependence requires consideration of socio-demographic, socio-psychological, individual, and psychological, as well as organizational factors. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It was found that the number of Internet-dependent people among youth is currently growing rapidly. The most favorable individual-typological properties of a personality for the development of Internet dependence are introversion, anxiety, sensitivity, and aggressiveness. Internet dependence is a type of social dependence. An Internet-dependent individual suffers from the inability to maintain harmonious interpersonal contacts and resolve personal issues that are distorted by the virtual environment. Deviations from normal behavior in society change the peaceful way of life and affect public health.
Assuntos
Transtorno de Adição à Internet , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Feminino , Adulto , Transtorno de Adição à Internet/epidemiologia , Transtorno de Adição à Internet/psicologia , Prevalência , Saúde Pública , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , InternetRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cosmetic surgery has a profound impact on health and other aspects. As a means of enhancing physical attractiveness, it is increasingly being considered by female college students in China. However, current knowledge about the determinants of cosmetic surgery consideration among Chinese female college students still needs to be improved due to the lack of systematic perspectives and large-scale representative data sets. This study aimed to contribute to the literature in these two aspects. METHODS: We framed cosmetic surgery consideration as a function of two broad sets of determinants: socio-cultural and labor-economic. We used data from a large, nationally representative sample of female college students in China (N = 6658, mean age = 20.3 years). RESULTS: In terms of socio-cultural oriented factors, we found that family socioeconomic status, peers' cosmetic surgery practices, and media exposure were positively associated with the likelihood of considering cosmetic surgery. In terms of labor-economic oriented factors, we found that self-rated physical appearance, higher grades, and expected income after graduation were positively associated with a higher likelihood of considering cosmetic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the decision-making process for cosmetic surgery among Chinese female college students goes beyond personal factors and is significantly influenced by structural factors.
Assuntos
Beleza , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , China , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Universidades , Cirurgia Plástica/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgia Plástica/psicologia , Adulto , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adolescente , Tomada de DecisõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Previous research has extensively explored the factors associated with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). However, the characteristics and associated factors of remitted PLEs, which refer to the absence of current PLEs following previous PLEs, remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to describe the characteristics of adolescents who reported remitted PLEs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The survey was conducted from October to December 2020 in three colleges located in Guangzhou, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 4208 college freshmen aged from 15 to 24 participated in our survey. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The 15-item positive subscale of the Community Assessment of the Psychic Experience was used to assess both lifetime and current PLEs. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between remitted PLEs and a range of demographic factors, lifestyle, psychosocial factors, lifetime affective symptoms and sleep problems. RESULTS: Three groups of PLEs were observed: non-PLEs (47.27% of the sample), remitted PLEs (40.42%) and current PLEs (12.31%). Several factors have been identified as shared correlates of remission and absence of PLEs, including fewer recent adverse life events, greater resilience, fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, and early waking. Furthermore, higher levels of social support (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.17; OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.97) was a specific factor associated with the remission of PLEs. Compared with individuals without PLEs, those with remitted PLEs were more likely to be female (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.75), less likely to be younger (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.95) and prone to have more chronic physical illness (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.16), habitual alcohol intake (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.88), more childhood trauma (OR for low vs high=0.72, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.91) and the sleep problems of waking up easily (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.65). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that remitted PLEs play a vital, unique role among three groups and provide preliminary targets for the intervention for adolescents at risk of mental health problems. Further investigation may shed light on the causality of the relationship between remitted PLEs and associated factors.
Assuntos
Transtornos Psicóticos , Estudantes , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Masculino , China/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Universidades , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Modelos LogísticosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The United States (U.S.) faces a significant mental health crisis, with around 52.9 million adults experiencing mental health disorders, with young adults (18-25 years old), such as college students, having the highest prevalence and lowest service utilization rates. While efforts to expand mental health services through "push" strategies are in place (e.g., training therapists in evidence-based therapies), limited initial engagement suggests a need for "pull strategies" and targeted marketing that make services attractive to college students and increase demand. This mixed-methods study identifies U.S. university mental health clinic websites and website characteristics that are attractive and engaging to college students interested in seeking mental health services (i.e., students were considering or actively looking for mental health support). METHODS: Eleven U.S. university websites were chosen (10 randomly and one from the university where students were attending) from a pool of 44 Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System training clinics websites. Fifty-seven college students (Mage = 20.95, SD = 2.97; 81% female; 68% racial/ethnic minority) were videorecorded engaging with two U.S. university mental health clinic websites, completed self-report engagement measures, and gave detailed feedback about websites through semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Likert scale scores revealed moderate engagement with all websites (e.g., they were interesting and helpful). Qualitative results indicated that websites that provided important and easily understood information about key features of services (e.g., types, evidence-base, and cost), therapist backgrounds, psychoeducation, used lay language, and had an appealing website layout (e.g., color, font, images, organization, and interactive components) generated greater consumer interest and trust in their mental health services. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the importance of using marketing strategies to enhance college students' engagement through mental health service websites. Salient features, psychoeducation, and effective promotional strategies (e.g., how information is presented) were identified as crucial for website engagement and subsequent mental health service uptake. Using marketing strategies, such as tailoring language to consumer literacy levels, describing the evidence-base of services, and improving website design may address college students' needs and enhance initial mental health service engagement.
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Internet , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Estados Unidos , Universidades , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Marketing de Serviços de Saúde , Adulto , Etnicidade/psicologia , Serviços de Saúde para Estudantes , Grupos RaciaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To measure how early childhood exposure to lead affects school behavior from third to eighth grade, measured by the number and days of total school suspensions and out-of-school suspensions (OSS). METHODS: We estimate Poisson models using a cohort of 284 701 students with school records from 2006-2008 in North Carolina. We adjust for demographic and socioeconomic variables and school-grade-year cohort effects, and use coarsened exact matching to ensure similar characteristics across children with blood lead levels (BLLs) 2-10 µg/dL and children in the reference group with BLLs ≤1 µg/dL. RESULTS: BLLs ≥3 µg/dL are positively and significantly associated with all school suspension measures for sixth through eighth graders. The estimated effects on OSS for sixth through eighth graders are larger than the effects on total suspensions. For example, students with BLL = 3 µg/dL receive OSS 16% (95% confidence interval 3.6%-30%) more often and for 22% (95% confidence interval 7.3%-33%) more days than students with BLL ≤1 µg/dL. For third through fifth grade students, we only find a significant effect of lead exposure on suspensions at relatively high BLLs of 8-10 µg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis demonstrates that BLL has significant adverse effects on third through eighth grade students' behavior, including at levels below the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's blood lead reference value of 3.5 µg/dL. We find that the adverse effects of lead are most strongly associated with more severe disruptive behavior in sixth through eighth graders, as measured by OSS. Our results underscore the long-term benefits of preventing early childhood exposure to lead.
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Exposição Ambiental , Chumbo , Humanos , Criança , Chumbo/sangue , Feminino , Masculino , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , North Carolina/epidemiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Comportamento Infantil/efeitos dos fármacos , Intoxicação por Chumbo/epidemiologia , Intoxicação por Chumbo/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/psicologiaRESUMO
Constitutional issues raised by college students have received increasing domestic attention. At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic caused students to take online classes at home, and their physical conditions worsened. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the physical fitness test data collected in 2019 and 2020 year, identify existing problems, and explore feasible methods to improve the physical fitness test scores of college students. This article uses inspection, mathematical statistics, logical analysis and other methods to analyze and discuss the physical examination data of college students in 2019 and 2020 and analyze various data of university students. Specific events include height, weight, body mass index, 50 meters, cardio, long jump, Through research, analysis and suggestions aimed at improving the current students' weight and health status, we will promote the physical and mental health development of students and provide a systematic and scientific basis for student health intervention.
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COVID-19 , Aptidão Física , Estudantes , Humanos , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Teste de Esforço , Índice de Massa Corporal , Universidades , SARS-CoV-2 , Feminino , Masculino , Peso Corporal , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Ultra-processed foods (UPF) and minimally processed foods (MPF) consumption are differentially connected to adiposity and possibly body composition. Phase angle (PhA) originates from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and is connected to cellular health. This study is the first to investigate associations between UPF/MPF consumption and PhA. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Anthropometrical and BIA were performed. The Hellenic Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for physical activity evaluation, while a validated FFQ was used for dietary assessment. UPF and MPF intake (% energy) were determined according to the NOVA system. Partial correlation coefficients of PhA and dietary variables were assessed after multi-adjustment. PARTICIPANTS: Students were recruited (n 151, 114 women). SETTING: University. RESULTS: Median and interquartile range (IQR) of PhA were 5·5° (5·1-6·4°) in the total sample, 6·8° (6·1-7·3°) in men and 5·3° (5·1-5·9°) in women (P < 0·001). The median and IQR for UPF consumption was 13·7 (8·1-33·4) % in the total sample, 23·8 (8·1-70·5) % in men and 12·9 (8·1-27·5) % in women (P < 0·001). The mean (sd) of MPF consumption was 60·2 (sd 15·7) % for the total sample, 59·1 (sd 16·4) % for men and 60·5 (sd 15·6) % for women (P = 0·720). The consumption of UPF was negatively (rho = -0·267, P = 0·002), while the consumption of MPF was positively (rho = 0·218, P = 0·010) associated with the PhA, after adjustment for age, sex, BMI and physical activity. CONCLUSION: PhA relates inversely to UPF and positively to MPF consumption. The observed associations possibly reflect the effects of diet on cellular health and in turn PhA.
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Dieta , Fast Foods , Manipulação de Alimentos , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem , Universidades , Fast Foods/estatística & dados numéricos , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Impedância Elétrica , Composição Corporal , Exercício Físico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adiposidade , Adolescente , Comportamento Alimentar , Alimento ProcessadoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Remote education emerged as an option during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, this modality continues to be used by various universities around the world in the postpandemic context. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of digital skills and mobile self-efficacy in the influence of stress on the academic engagement of Peruvian university students during remote teaching by COVID-19 using structural equation modeling (SEM). METHOD: This study involved 1,468 students from nine public and private universities in northern Peru who had undergraduate and graduate distance learning programs. RESULTS: The results showed that stress negatively influenced academic engagement (ß=-0.107*) and digital skills (ß=-0.328***). In addition, digital skills (ß = 0.470**) and mobile self-efficacy (ß = 0.684***) positively influence academic engagement. Similarly, digital skills mediate the relationship between stress and academic engagement (ß=-0.154**), and both variables act as sequential mediators in this relationship (ß=-0.348***). CONCLUSION: This study provides a deeper understanding of the factors that influence academic engagement during Remote education and lays the groundwork for the development of interventions and training programs tailored to hybrid learning contexts that promote the well-being and academic success of college students in postpandemic times.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Educação a Distância , Autoeficácia , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Humanos , Peru , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Educação a Distância/métodos , Masculino , Universidades , Feminino , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , AdolescenteRESUMO
Background: Annual declines in university students' physical health have an impact on social stability and the nation's long-term growth. Parenting style, which is crucial to a child's growth and development, may have a big influence on physical health. This study delves into the effects of different parenting styles on the physical fitness of Chinese college students under gender differences. Methods: Through random allocation and stratified sampling methods, this study comprehensively investigated 3,151 undergraduate students (male = 1,365; female = 1786) with an average age of 18.44 years (SD = 1.46), from a university in Jiangsu Province, China. Parenting styles of college students were evaluated by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Physical fitness tests were based on the Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standards including body mass index, lung capacity, standing-long-jump, bent-leg-sit-up, seated forward bend, pull-ups, 50 m sprint, and 800/1,000 m run. Further investigations focused on the relationship between parenting styles and physical health by statistical analysis methods such as Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. Results: Significant differences were identified in gender, family members, and academic majors in most of the correlation indicators between different parenting styles and physical health among college students. Further analysis showed that the parenting styles of democratic and authoritative mothers and democratic fathers were more conducive to the promotion of physical health among female university students. The combination of a democratic fathering style and a permissive mothering style is considered an ideal parenting model for male students. Conclusion: This study confirmed that different parenting styles have a significant impact on the physical health of college students. Positive parenting styles may improve physical health, while negative ones are likely to have adverse effects, especially among female students. It is also important to notice differentiated parenting styles with respect to male and female university students. Therefore, more attention should be raised on parenting styles to enhance physical health of the student population.
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Poder Familiar , Aptidão Física , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , China , Universidades , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Fatores Sexuais , Relações Pais-FilhoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Perceived Stress has been shown as a key contributor to sleep quality, but the underlying mechanism between perceived stress and sleep quality remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of perceived stress on sleep quality of college students and the chain mediating roles of presence of meaning in life (PML) and depression, as well as the moderating role of search for meaning in life (SML). METHODS: Participants were 8178 college students (4599 boys and 3579 girls; Mage = 19.10 years, SD = 1.08) who completed self-report questionnaire, including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). RESULTS: The results showed that higher perceived stress was directly related to poorer sleep quality. This negative impact on sleep quality was mediated through the chained roles of PML and depression. Additionally, the study found that SML moderates the influence of perceived stress, PML and depression on sleep quality. Specifically, for individuals actively search for meaning, the adverse effects of perceived stress and depression on sleep quality are diminished. Concurrently, the positive influence of PML on sleep quality is enhanced. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the PML and depression mediate the effect of perceived stress on sleep quality, with SML playing a significant protective role. These results emphasize the necessity of integrating strategies to enhance PML and SML into interventions designed to improve emotion management and sleep quality among college students.
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Depressão , Qualidade do Sono , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem , Depressão/psicologia , Universidades , Adulto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Análise de Mediação , AutorrelatoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of depression, anxiety, and stress among vocational college students. 1255 students participated in the cross-sectional study. The Chinese version of the 21-item the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) was used. Depression was reported in 37.6% of vocational college students, anxiety in 51.6%, and stress in 38.1%. Logistic regression results showed that a higher degree of depression, anxiety, and stress was associated with female, poor and moderate self-rated health status, from other provinces, poor self-rated family financial status and living off campus (Pâ <â .05). Junior and from one-parent or parentless family were more likely to experience depression and stress (Pâ <â .05). Additionally, the likelihood of having depression was higher in non-only-child students (Pâ <â .01) and rural family location was a risk factor for stress (Pâ <â .001). A higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found in vocational college students. Timely and targeted psychological interventions should be taken.
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Ansiedade , Depressão , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Universidades , Prevalência , China/epidemiologia , Adulto , Adolescente , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Background: The study's main objectives were to evaluate the distribution of levels of procrastination and its relationship with sleep quality, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and skipping breakfast, as a proxy measure of an unhealthy dietary pattern, among Italian university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro in the Southern part of Italy, using stratified random sampling techniques. Eligible students were sent an anonymous online survey aimed at assessing sociodemographic characteristics, procrastination levels using the Pure Procrastination Scale, sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, smoking status, alcohol consumption using WHO's Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tool, and breakfast habits. Results: The study included 518 participants with a mean age of 23 year. More than half of the sample was enrolled in medicine or life science majors and the procrastination mean score was 15 (±5.9 SD). Being procrastinators was significantly more frequently among students who were poor sleepers, hazardous alcohol consumers and breakfast skippers. When analyzing the clustering of risky behaviors, it was found that as the number of risky behaviors increased, the procrastination score exhibited an exponential increase. Conclusion: The study findings showed that university students who engage in procrastination tend to adopt risky health behaviors. The data gathered could be useful to derive targeted interventions aimed at groups more exposed to harmful health behaviors and to encourage institutional policies to promote healthy lifestyles within universities. Universities can act as hubs for cultivating a culture of well-being and promoting a healthy environment.
Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Procrastinação , Estudantes , Humanos , Itália , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/psicologia , Universidades , Inquéritos e Questionários , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Comportamentos de Risco à Saúde , Qualidade do Sono , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Assunção de Riscos , Fumar/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Knowing the prevalence of myopia at school age is essential to implement preventive measures and appropriate interventions, ensure access to vision care, promote a healthier educational environment and improve academic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia and its associated sociodemographic risk factors, as well as to estimate the coverage of myopia correction among adolescents in center of Portugal. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 1115 adolescents from the 5th to the 9th year of school, with an average of 12.9 years (SD = 1.5) ranging from 10.0 to 18.0 years. Optometric evaluations were carried out in a school environment and consisted of the evaluation of distance visual acuity, assessed using a logarithmic visual acuity chart (ETDRS charts 1 and 2) at 4 m, and measured by refractive error with a pediatric autorefractometer (Plusoptix), by non-cycloplegic. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE ≤ -0.50 diopter (D)) and uncorrected visual acuity (UVA ≤ 95VAR). Adjusted logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate risk factors. RESULTS: We found a myopia rate of 21.5% and a high myopia rate of 1.4%. Higher school level and attendance at urban schools were associated with myopia, but no association was found with age or sex. Only 34.6% of myopic adolescents use the best optical correction and 26.4% do not use any type of optical correction. CONCLUSIONS: Data on the prevalence of refractive problems in Portugal are scarce and heterogeneous. This study, although regional, provides a valuable contribution with a clear and reproducible methodology, following international guidelines and filling gaps in the existing literature. The results show that the rate of myopia in this age group is similar to reports from other European studies. The high rate of adolescents with uncorrected or under-corrected myopia in Portugal is a problem that deserves attention.
Assuntos
Miopia , Humanos , Portugal/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Miopia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Prevalência , Criança , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores Sociodemográficos , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compile a scale of Chinese college students' perception of teachers' differential behavior and to provide a reference for college students to establish correct life values, promote college students' physical and mental health, and reduce teachers' differential treatment. METHODS: Open-ended questionnaires and expert interviews were used to conduct interviews and correspondence with 58 college students, ten psychologists, and six psychologists to form an initial questionnaire. Then, the scale's exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability and validity test were conducted on 7053 college students from 18 universities in 6 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government). RESULTS: The Chinese college students' perception of teachers' differential behavior scale has two dimensions: teacher prejudice and preference. Each dimension includes three aspects: emotional feedback, behavior orientation, and opportunity privilege, and each aspect have a total of 4 items. The consistency test coefficients of each dimension and each factor of the prepared scale are all above 0.7, and the split-half reliability is above 0.6. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the six-factor structural model fits well (χ2/df = 4.287, RMSEA = 0.066, CFI = 0.950, TLI = 0.919). Using the generalized anxiety disorder scale and the patient health questionaire-9items as empirical criteria, each factor in the scale demonstrated significant correlations with both the GAD scale and the patient health questionaire-9items. CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese college students' perception of teachers' differential behavior scale has a two-dimensional six-factor structure and has good reliability and validity. It can be used as an effective tool to measure Chinese college students' perceived teacher differential behavior.
Assuntos
Estudantes , Humanos , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto Jovem , China , Universidades , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Adulto , Psicometria/instrumentação , Análise Fatorial , Adolescente , Percepção Social , Preconceito/psicologia , Docentes/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is limited research examining latent profiles of gamers based on emotional variables, which has implications for prevention efforts. The study sought to identify young adult gamer profiles based on depression, anxiety, and stress, and to examine differences between the latent profiles in other addictive behaviors (i.e., tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, illegal substance use, gaming, and gambling). METHODS: A total of 1209 young adults (Mage = 19.37, SD = 1.62; 55.3%males) reported past-year gaming. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to identify distinct profiles, and a set of ANOVA and chi-square analyses characterized the profiles in terms of sociodemographic, addictive behaviors, and emotional variables. RESULTS: LPA suggested a three-profile solution: profile 1 (n = 660, 'low emotional distress'), profile 2 (n = 377, 'moderate emotional distress'), and profile 3 (n = 172, 'high emotional distress'). Participants with 'moderate' and 'high emotional distress' were mostly women, showed greater gaming severity, higher prevalence of past-month substance use (i.e., tobacco and illegal drugs), and greater consequences of alcohol use. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional nature of the study and sample being university students. CONCLUSION: Findings revealed three distinct profiles of gamers, which differed in emotional, gaming, and substance use severity. Transdiagnostic prevention programs have the potential to provide significant benefits to college students by addressing the core processes (e.g., emotion regulation) that underlie substance use and gaming.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Comportamento Aditivo , Depressão , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Comportamento Aditivo/epidemiologia , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Adulto , Adolescente , Análise de Classes Latentes , Jogo de Azar/epidemiologia , Jogo de Azar/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/psicologia , Angústia PsicológicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Students are among the groups that use smartphones for long periods throughout the day and night. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between smartphone characteristics and the prevalence of hand discomfort among university students. METHODS: This study included 204 university students, selected based on their willingness to participate and inclusion criteria. Participants reported hand pain and discomfort by completing the Cornell Hand Discomfort Questionnaire (CHDQ). Personal information was collected through a demographic questionnaire. Smartphone characteristics were obtained from the Internet based on the smartphone model self-reported by students. RESULTS: According to the Cornell questionnaire, 59.3% of students reported experiencing discomfort in their right hand, while 38.2% reported discomfort in their left hand due to smartphone use. Furthermore, 36.3% of students reported experiencing pain in two or more regions on their right hand, while 20.1% reported pain in two or more areas on their left hand. More than half of the students in the right hand (53.5%) and more than one-third (33.3%) in the left hand obtained pain scores of more than 1.5. The chi-square test indicated a statistically significant relationship between the weight of the smartphone and the prevalence of discomfort in the right hand (χ2 = 4.80, p = 0.03). Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was found between the discomfort or pain scores experienced in both hands and the number of painful areas in those hands (right hand: χ2 = 219.04, p = 0.00; left hand: χ2 = 213.13, p = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone use can cause discomfort and pain in the hands of university students. The physical characteristics of the smartphone, such as its weight, play a significant role in contributing to right-hand-related pain among students. It is important to consider ergonomic factors in smartphone design and usage to reduce musculoskeletal problems among users, especially students.