RESUMO
Introduction: Public concern for the mental health of university students has been rising over recent years. Newly arising stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic could contribute to further mental health burden for students. This study aimed to understand the mental health status of university students at an early stage in the pandemic and to identify academic, non-academic, and COVID-19-related predictors of common mental health difficulties at this time. Methods: This study examined how academic and non-academic predictors relate to common mental health difficulties using a cross-sectional sample of university students (n = 3817). Results: There were high levels of depression and anxiety during the pandemic, with more than 50% experiencing levels above the clinical cut offs. Academic stress, social isolation, intolerance of uncertainty, and more negative attitudes towards remote teaching and learning predicted higher levels of depression and anxiety. University identification predicted lower levels of depression whereas receiving a diagnosis of COVID-19 was associated with higher levels of depression. Discussion: This study identified COVID-19-related factors that uniquely contributed to students' distress during the pandemic, over and above social connectivity variables. As COVID-19 factors, such as the uncertainty surrounding the pandemic, may have driven an increase in distress levels among students, these findings provide insights that could help universities and policymakers develop targeted interventions to support the mental health and well-being of university students during future crises.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Depressão , Saúde Mental , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Humanos , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Universidades , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Adulto Jovem , Depressão/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adulto , Adolescente , Pandemias , Isolamento Social/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between self-reported screen time and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 982 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years, enrolled in public schools in Jacarezinho (PR), Brazil. Screen time was assessed by the question "Considering a typical day, how much time do you spend watching TV, playing videogame, using computer or smartphone?" The DASS-21 questionnaire (short form) was used to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Crude and adjusted analyses (age, sex, and maternal level of education) between screen time and mental disorders symptoms were performed using general linear regression models, with Poisson distribution, with significance level at p<0.05. RESULTS: Higher depressive symptoms were observed in adolescents who reported screen time of 4-6 hours/day (PR 1.35, 95%CI 1.13-1.61) and ≥6 hours/day (PR 1.88, 95%CI 1.62-2.19), compared with their pairs with <2 hours/day. The same was observed for anxiety symptoms with screen time of 4-6 hours/day (PR 1.23, 95%CI 1.04-1.46) and ≥6 hours/day (PR 1.50, 95%CI 1.28-1.77); and stress, with 4-6 hours/day (PR 1.25, 95%CI 1.08-1.44) and ≥6 hours/day (PR 1.49, 95%CI 1.30-1.71), also compared with their pairs with <2 hours/day. CONCLUSIONS: Screen time was positively associated with depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adolescents. Special attention should be given to those who spend more than four hours a day in front of a screen.
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Ansiedade , Depressão , Tempo de Tela , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Ansiedade/psicologia , Ansiedade/etiologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Criança , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , AutorrelatoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of depression, anxiety, and stress among vocational college students. 1255 students participated in the cross-sectional study. The Chinese version of the 21-item the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) was used. Depression was reported in 37.6% of vocational college students, anxiety in 51.6%, and stress in 38.1%. Logistic regression results showed that a higher degree of depression, anxiety, and stress was associated with female, poor and moderate self-rated health status, from other provinces, poor self-rated family financial status and living off campus (Pâ <â .05). Junior and from one-parent or parentless family were more likely to experience depression and stress (Pâ <â .05). Additionally, the likelihood of having depression was higher in non-only-child students (Pâ <â .01) and rural family location was a risk factor for stress (Pâ <â .001). A higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found in vocational college students. Timely and targeted psychological interventions should be taken.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Depressão , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Universidades , Prevalência , China/epidemiologia , Adulto , Adolescente , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
This study examined differences in alcohol use by sexual and gender identities during the COVID-19 pandemic, and assessed whether variation between groups was explained by pandemic-related stressors and minority stress. Data from 2,429 partnered adults in the National Couples' Health and Time Use Study (n = 3,593) collected from September 2020 to April 2021 were used to model drinking patterns (frequency, amount, and drinking to cope) by sexual and gender identities, COVID-19 stress and disruption, microaggressions, and supportive climate. Regression models indicated differences in drinking by gender and sexual identities, even controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual people had higher odds of drinking to cope with the pandemic than did heterosexual people, and cisgender men had higher odds than did cisgender women. Gay and lesbian people drank more regularly than did heterosexual people, as did cisgender men in relation to cisgender women. Exclusively bisexual people drank significantly more drinks than exclusively heterosexual people, and cisgender men drank significantly more drinks than did cisgender women and those who identified as trans/another gender identity. COVID-19 stress and minority stress were associated with greater alcohol consumption, but they did not account for these differentials. Moving forward, researchers will need to continuously assess these associations, as sources of discrimination and stress will persist beyond the pandemic. Although LGBTQ+ people have disproportionate sources of stress, they varied in how they used alcohol to cope. Potential sources of resilience among sexual and gender diverse individuals should be explored.
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Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , COVID-19 , Identidade de Gênero , Pandemias , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Masculino , Feminino , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto Jovem , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is limited research examining latent profiles of gamers based on emotional variables, which has implications for prevention efforts. The study sought to identify young adult gamer profiles based on depression, anxiety, and stress, and to examine differences between the latent profiles in other addictive behaviors (i.e., tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, illegal substance use, gaming, and gambling). METHODS: A total of 1209 young adults (Mage = 19.37, SD = 1.62; 55.3%males) reported past-year gaming. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to identify distinct profiles, and a set of ANOVA and chi-square analyses characterized the profiles in terms of sociodemographic, addictive behaviors, and emotional variables. RESULTS: LPA suggested a three-profile solution: profile 1 (n = 660, 'low emotional distress'), profile 2 (n = 377, 'moderate emotional distress'), and profile 3 (n = 172, 'high emotional distress'). Participants with 'moderate' and 'high emotional distress' were mostly women, showed greater gaming severity, higher prevalence of past-month substance use (i.e., tobacco and illegal drugs), and greater consequences of alcohol use. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional nature of the study and sample being university students. CONCLUSION: Findings revealed three distinct profiles of gamers, which differed in emotional, gaming, and substance use severity. Transdiagnostic prevention programs have the potential to provide significant benefits to college students by addressing the core processes (e.g., emotion regulation) that underlie substance use and gaming.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Comportamento Aditivo , Depressão , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Comportamento Aditivo/epidemiologia , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Adulto , Adolescente , Análise de Classes Latentes , Jogo de Azar/epidemiologia , Jogo de Azar/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/psicologia , Angústia PsicológicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anxiety-, mood/affective-, or stress-related disorders affect up to one-third of individuals during their lives and often impact their ability to work. This study aimed to delineate trajectories of work disability (WD) among individuals diagnosed with anxiety-, mood/affective-, or stress-related disorder in primary healthcare and to examine associations between trajectory group membership and sociodemographic, clinical, and clinical-related factors. METHODS: The study population included working-age individuals, aged 22-62 years, living in Stockholm County, Sweden, who experienced a new episode of any anxiety-, mood/affective, or stress-related disorder in primary healthcare in 2017 (N = 11,304). Data were obtained from Swedish national and regional registers and were linked using pseudonymised unique personal identification numbers. The primary outcome was days with WD (sum of sickness absence and disability pension days) during the three years before and three years after a diagnosis of anxiety-, mood/affective-, or stress-related disorders in primary healthcare. A zero-inflated Poisson group-based trajectory model was used to identify groups of individuals with similar patterns of WD over the study period, with a multinomial logistic regression used to examine associations of sociodemographic, clinical, and clinical-related factors with trajectory group membership. RESULTS: Four distinct trajectory groups were found, high increasing (5.1%), with high levels, from 16 to 80 days of WD in six-monthly intervals during follow-up, peak (11.1%), with a peak in WD, up to 32 days of WD, around the time of the diagnosis, low increasing (12.8%), with an increase in days of WD from 4 to 22 during the study period, and constant low (71.1%), with almost no WD over the study period. In multinomial regression models, diagnostic category, psychotropic medication use, a diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder within secondary healthcare, age at diagnosis, and occupation were associated with WD trajectory groups. CONCLUSIONS: Around two-thirds of individuals treated for a new episode of any anxiety-, mood/affective-, or stress-related disorder in primary healthcare have an excellent prognosis regarding WD. Several sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were associated with group membership; these factors could identify individuals at risk of long-term welfare dependency and who might benefit from interventions to promote a return to work.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade , Transtornos do Humor , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Suécia , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtornos do Humor/psicologia , Transtornos do Humor/epidemiologia , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Licença Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This paper examines the frequency of suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideation or attempt) among a sample of Syrian refugee women living in non-camp settings in Jordan. We asked several questions surrounding suicide and examined the associations between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social connectedness, post-displacement stressors and suicidal behaviors. METHODS: Participants (n = 507) were recruited using a clinic-based systematic sampling from four health clinics throughout Jordan in 2018. We used a multivariable logistic regression to examine the hypothesis of whether positive screening for PTSD (PCL-5), social isolation (have no friends or family members available to help), and greater number of post-displacement stressors (PMLD Checklist) is associated with suicidal behaviors. RESULTS: Approximately one-tenth (9.86%) of participants surveyed reported suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideation or attempt) in the past six months. Our hypothesis was partially supported. In the adjusted multivariable analyses, screening positive for PTSD [OR:4.02 (95% CI:1.33, 12.15)] increased odds of suicidal behaviors, while having one friend or family member available to help when in need [OR:0.31 (95% CI:0.13, 0.78)] decreased odds of suicidal behaviors. We did not find any associations between the number of post-displacement stressors and suicidal behaviors in the multivariable model. CONCLUSION: Agencies and practitioners addressing suicidal behaviors among Syrian refugee women should provide interventions that aim to reduce PTSD symptoms and social isolation. Potential intervention includes screening for mental health symptoms and suicidal behaviors during routine visits with service providers, as well as providing proper mental health and psychosocial support services according to the mapping of available services.
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Refugiados , Apoio Social , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Ideação Suicida , Humanos , Jordânia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Refugiados/psicologia , Refugiados/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Adulto , Síria/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , AdolescenteRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has had different public health problems among students. During COVID-19 outbreak, students were distant from scholastic area and social collaboration and affected by different mental health problems. A comprehensive analysis on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of students in Ethiopia is limited. The aim of this study is to explore and summarize the impact of COVID-19 on students' mental health in Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane Library, CrossRef, African Journals Online and Google scholar databases were searched from December 2019 to June 2022. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment of study were done by two authors independently. I² statistics was used to assess heterogeneity. A random effect model was used. Stata 16.0 was used for statistical analysis and graphics. RESULTS: Eight studies were incorporated. From 7 studies report, the pooled prevalence of stress was 35% (95% CI 23-48%, I2 = 98.20%, Tau^2 = 0.03, p < 0.001). From 6 studies reported the pooled prevalence of the anxiety was 44% (95% CI 30%-57%, I2 = 97.90%, Tau^2 = 0.03, p < 0.001). From 5 studies reported the pooled prevalence of depression was 44% (95% CI 23%-65%, I2 = 99.10%, Tau^2 = 0.06, p < 0.001). Likewise, the factors of mental illness were summarized. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 significantly affects mental health of students in Ethiopia. Anxiety, stress and depression were the most reported mental health problems. Timely psychological counseling for students is important to decrease mental health problems during the pandemic situations.
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Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Saúde Mental , Estudantes , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estudantes/psicologiaRESUMO
The impact of social determinants on mental disorders of adolescents and young adults has been amplified by the Covid-19 pandemic and its consequences. To raise clinicians' awareness of these effects in practice, this article examines two particularly well-studied areas: the effects of socioeconomic disadvantages on emerging psychotic disorders and the impact of gender on depression. In clinical practice it is crucial to consider social stress factors, confronting young people in an unequal manner, as they contribute to the emergence or relapse of mental disorders. Two illustrations of the potential impacts of social determinants on the mental health of adolescents and young adults are presented, as well as intervention strategies for practitioners.
L'impact des déterminants sociaux sur les troubles psychiques des adolescents et des jeunes adultes a été amplifié par la pandémie de Covid-19 et ses conséquences économiques et sociales. Afin de sensibiliser les cliniciens à leurs effets dans la pratique, cet article présente deux domaines particulièrement étudiés : les effets des désavantages socioéconomiques sur l'émergence des troubles psychotiques et ceux du genre sur la dépression. Dans la pratique clinique, il est crucial de prendre en compte ces facteurs de stress sociaux, auxquels les jeunes sont confrontés de manière inégale, car ils contribuent à l'émergence ou à la rechute de leurs troubles psychiques. Deux illustrations de l'impact potentiel des déterminants sociaux sur la santé mentale des adolescents et des jeunes adultes sont proposées, ainsi que des pistes d'interventions pour les praticiens.
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COVID-19 , Transtornos Mentais , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Even during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic health professionals were facing mental health challenges. The aim of this study was to examine the mental health of doctors, nurses and other professional groups in Europe and to identify differences between the professional groups. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in 8 European countries. We asked for demographic data, whether the participants were exposed to COVID-19 at work, for main information sources about the pandemic, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and major stressors. A MANCOVA was carried out to find predictors of mental health among health care professionals. The sample (N = 1398) consisted of 237 physicians, 459 nurses, and 351 other healthcare professionals and 351 non-medical professionals with no direct involvement in patient care. The mean mental health of all groups was affected to a mild degree. Major predictors for depression and anxiety were the profession group with higher scores especially in the group of the nurses and working directly with COVID-patients. In the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the psychological burden on health professionals has remained high, with being nurse and working directly with COVID19 patients being particular risk factors for mental distress. We found as a main result that nurses scored significantly higher on depression and anxiety than practitioners.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Depressão , Pessoal de Saúde , Saúde Mental , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Feminino , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Adulto , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Depressão/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Angústia Psicológica , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that exposure to childhood environmental stress is associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, it is not known whether individual health behaviors disrupt this relationship. This study prospectively evaluated the relationship between cumulative environmental stress in a low-income sample and cardiometabolic risk in middle childhood and examined whether child health behaviors attenuated this relationship. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a cohort of children (n=338; 57% Hispanic children; 25% Black children), environmental stressors (family and neighborhood factors representing disadvantage/deprivation) and child health behaviors (accelerometry measured physical activity; parent-reported screen time and diet recalls) were measured over 5 time points beginning when children were aged 2 to 4 years and ending when they were aged 7 to 11 years. Children's cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index, blood pressure, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, C-reactive protein) were measured at 7 to 11 years. Emerging cardiometabolic risk was defined as having ≥1 elevations that exceeded clinical thresholds. In adjusted path analyses, greater cumulative environmental stress was associated with higher likelihood of emerging cardiometabolic risk in middle childhood (P<0.001). Higher levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity and fewer sedentary minutes attenuated the positive relationship between stress and cardiometabolic risk (P<0.05). Children with >2 hours of average daily screen time had a higher likelihood of elevated cardiometabolic risk (P<0.01), but screen time did not moderate the stress-cardiometabolic risk relationship. Dietary intake was not related to cardiometabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that promote moderate to vigorous physical activity and limit sedentary behavior may have particular importance for the cardiometabolic health of children exposed to high levels of cumulative environmental stress.
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Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Exercício Físico , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Prospectivos , Comportamento Infantil , Pobreza , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Medição de Risco , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Tempo de Tela , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In late 2019, a new respiratory illness was detected in Wuhan, China and was later designated as COVID-19 by the WHO. Despite international efforts to impose restrictions and quarantine measures, the virus spreads rapidly across the globe. The pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of both children and parents. This study investigates the relationship between parents' anxiety, stress and depression, and Children's Health-Related Quality of Life (CHQol) and externalised behavioural disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that included 396 parents who have children between the ages of 6 and 18 years old. Sampling was done by designing an online questionnaire that was distributed on social media (WhatsApp and Telegram and native social media, such as Eitaa, Soroush and E-Gap). Inclusion criteria were all citizens living in rural and urban areas of Rafsanjan, citizens living in Rafsanjan city for 1 year and having children aged 6-18 years old. We used a demographic information questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21, CHQol and Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment to collect data. RESULTS: We found a positive significant correlation between anxiety (r=0.334), stress (r=0.354), depression (r=0.324) and externalised behavioural disorder (p<0.001). Depression and anxiety predicted 22% of the variance of the CHQol (p<0.001) while age, stress, use of masks and gloves to prevent infection, and anxiety predicted 19% of the variance of externalised behavioural disorder (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Parents experienced high levels of symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression during the COVID-19 outbreak, which can be associated with behavioural disorders in their children and negatively impact their health. Therefore, it is crucial to pay more attention to the mental state of parents and its complications for children.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Depressão , Pais , Qualidade de Vida , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Criança , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Adolescente , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Pais/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adulto , Inquéritos e Questionários , SARS-CoV-2 , Saúde da Criança , Pandemias , Saúde Mental , Bem-Estar PsicológicoRESUMO
This longitudinal study examined a sample of adult Poles (N = 1245), who were interviewed three times from July 2021 to August 2022, during the later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study had two primary objectives. The first was to assess the impact of the pandemic on psychological distress, measured through symptoms of depression and anxiety. The pandemic's effects were evaluated using three predictors: direct exposure to COVID-19, COVID-19 related stressors, and perceived threats from COVID-19. The second objective was to investigate the role of received social support in coping with the pandemic's hardships. Receipt of social support was measured by both the quantity of help received and the perceived quality of that support. A Latent Growth Curve Model (LGCM) was employed to analyze psychological distress across three waves, controlling for sociodemographic variables, non-COVID life events, coping self-efficacy, and perceived social support. Findings indicated that COVID-19 stressors and COVID-19 threats were strongly and consistently associated with greater psychological distress throughout the study period. The impact of direct COVID-19 exposure was limited. The quantity of received support predicted higher distress, whereas higher quality of received support was linked to better mental health. Crucially, the relationship between the quantity of support and distress was moderated by the quality of support. Effective social support was associated with the lowest distress levels, regardless of the amount of help received. Conversely, receiving large amounts of low-quality support was detrimental to psychological health. In summary, the ongoing psychosocial challenges of COVID-19 significantly eroded mental health, highlighting the importance of support quality over quantity in coping with significant life adversities.
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Adaptação Psicológica , Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Depressão , Pandemias , Angústia Psicológica , Apoio Social , Humanos , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , IdosoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Empathy has been associated with a range of positive outcomes, including social connection, pro-social behavior, and mental health. Nonetheless, acknowledging the multidimensional aspects of empathy, budding research indicates that sometimes empathy may precipitate negative health outcomes. AIM: In the present paper, we explore the extent to which the multidimensional aspects of empathy-as measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index-may relate to the experience of increased stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also examine potential behavioral moderators (altruism) and social mediators (loneliness) of any such effect. METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of 2595 Danish university students and implemented linear regression analyses to determine the relationships between our key variables. RESULTS: In both crude and adjusted regression models, our findings indicate positive associations between the IRI subscales Fantasy, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress on self-reported stress and loneliness. Perspective Taking was marginally and inversely associated with stress but not loneliness. Altruism did not moderate these associations, but loneliness did mediate the effects of Fantasy, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress on stress. DISCUSSION: Our results emphasize the importance of conceptualizing empathy in multi-dimensional terms. Further, our study highlights the potential negative health consequences of empathy in certain settings. These results may help focus future research in this area and feed into mental health interventions.
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Altruísmo , COVID-19 , Empatia , Solidão , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Humanos , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Empatia/fisiologia , Solidão/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes/psicologia , Universidades , Adulto Jovem , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adulto , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Adolescente , SARS-CoV-2 , PandemiasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The present study is the first in Albania on dental fear and dental anxiety and also in the field of psychosocial medicine. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there are differences in dental anxiety using the Dental Anxiety Scale, their level of psychological distress using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 and the evaluation of oral health among Albanian and German patients. METHODS: This study was conducted in the period from December 2019 to July 2020, a sample of N = 263 patients (133 Germans, 130 Albanians) using the Dental Anxiety Scale questionnaires to determine anxiety before dental treatment and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 to evaluate psychological distress. Moreover, the patients answered questions regarding their oral health and dental care. In Germany, there were four refusals to entrance in the study due to various reasons, in contrast to Albania, where there were no refusals at all For the purposes of this study, data on both populations aged 14 years and older were used. RESULTS: The questionnaires results were calculated for all participants. The current subjective health status of Albanian patients was assessed to be significantly worse than that of German patients (p < 0,000). Germans were more susceptible to signs of Anxiety (p < 0,000), Depression and Somatization and scored higher on the Dental Anxiety Scale and the Global Severity Index (p < 0,000) than Albanian patients. Additionally Albanian patients scored significantly lower on the preventive care index (p < 0,000). Despite an elevated DAS anxiety level, German patients reported going to the dentist more frequently than Albanian patients. CONCLUSION: The results showed that between both populations differences in dental anxiety, psychological distress and oral health exists. Patients from Germany report more psychological distress and described more dental anxiety compared to Albanian patients. Albanian patients reported not utilization on oral health care.The implementation of educational programs and preventive measures, would contribute to raising awareness about the importance of oral health and increased use of dental services.
Assuntos
Ansiedade ao Tratamento Odontológico , Assistência Odontológica , Humanos , Albânia , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Ansiedade ao Tratamento Odontológico/psicologia , Ansiedade ao Tratamento Odontológico/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Assistência Odontológica/psicologia , Assistência Odontológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Saúde Bucal , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Idoso , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to evaluate the literature on the prevalence of psychological distress and its associated factors in patients with breast cancer. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang were searched from inception to 11 June 2024. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies reported data on the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress were included. Review, letter, conference abstracts and articles not available in English and Chinese were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction and bias risk assessment. Meta-analysis was employed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress in patients with breast cancer. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used for quality assessment. Meta-analysis was performed by using the R V.4.1.1 software. RESULTS: In total, 34 studies representing 13 828 patients with breast cancer were included in the study. Most of the studies were cross-sectional study (n=25, 73.53%%). The pooled prevalence of psychological distress was 50% (95% CI 42% to 58%, I2=98%). Results showed that psychological distress was positively correlated with younger age (z=0.13, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.20), having children (z=0.39, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.61), poor financial situation (z=0.12, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.26), short time since diagnosis (z=0.19, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.36), previous treatment (z=0.15, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.27), distant metastasis (z=0.31, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.52), chemotherapy (z=0.22, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.38), prior emotional status (z=0.40, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.50), body image damaged (z=0.10, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.21), negative coping (z=0.12, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.34), communication avoidance (z=0.32, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.39) and negatively correlated with married (z=-0.25, 95% CI 0.45 to -0.02), high education level (z=-0.19, 95% CI -0.40 to 0.05), having insured (z=-0.04, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.08), full employment (z=-0.40, 95% CI -0.61 to -0.14), time of completion of treatment (z=-0.12, 95% CI -0.30 to -0.06), surgery (z=-0.05, 95% CI -0.53 to 0.45), social support (z=-0.18, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.06), post-traumatic growth (z=-0.19, 95% CI -0.34 to -0.03), good physical conditions (z=-0.17, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.04), positive coping (z=-0.22, 95% CI -0.53 to 0.15). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that the prevalence of psychological distress in patients with breast cancers was 50% and 21 correlates of psychological distress. Screening and evidence-based interventions are urgent and essential to address this public concern and promote the health of patients with breast cancer. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023397109.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Angústia Psicológica , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Feminino , Prevalência , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Understanding both the positive and negative psychological outcomes among cancer patients during the pandemic is critical for planning post-pandemic cancer care. This study (1) examined levels of psychological distress and post-traumatic growth (PTG) among Canadian cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) explored variables that were associated with psychological distress and PTG during the pandemic using a biopsychosocial framework. METHOD: A cross-section survey was undertaken of patients receiving ongoing care at a regional cancer centre in Ontario, Canada, between February and December 2021. Self-reported questionnaires assessing sociodemographic information, social difficulties, psychological distress (depression, anxiety fear of recurrence, and emotional distress), PTG, illness perceptions, and behavioural responses to the pandemic were administered. Disease-related information was extracted from patient health records. RESULTS: Prevalences of moderate to severe levels of depression, anxiety, fear of recurrence and emotional distress were reported by 26.0%, 21.2%, 44.2%, and 50.0% of the sample (N = 104), respectively. Approximately 43% of the sample reported experiencing high PTG, and these positive experiences were not associated with levels of distress. Social factors, including social difficulties, being female, lower education, and unemployment status were prominent associative factors of patient distress. Perceptions of the pandemic as threatening, adopting more health safety behaviours, and not being on active treatment also increased patient likelihood to experience severe psychological distress. Younger age and adopting more health safety behaviours increased the likelihood of experiencing high PTG. The discriminatory power of the predictive models was strong, with a C-statistic > 0.80. CONCLUSIONS: Examining both the positive and negative psychological patient outcomes during the pandemic has highlighted the complex range of coping responses. Interventions that adopt a multi-pronged approach to screen and address social distress, as well as to leverage health safety behaviours, may improve the adjustments in the pandemic aftermath.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Neoplasias , Crescimento Psicológico Pós-Traumático , Angústia Psicológica , Humanos , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Idoso , Adulto , SARS-CoV-2 , Ansiedade/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Ontário/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/etiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Canadá/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Given the longevity of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to address the perceptions and experiences associated with the progression of the pandemic. This narrative can inform future strategies aimed at mitigating moral distress, injury, and chronic stress that restores resilience and well-being of HCWs. In this context, a longitudinal survey design was undertaken to explore how health care workers are experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic over time. A qualitative design was employed to analyze the open ended survey responses using a thematic analysis approach. All physicians and staff at an academic health science centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada were invited to participate in the survey. The majority of survey respondents were nurses and physicians, followed by researchers/scientists, administrative assistants, laboratory technicians, managers, social workers, occupational therapists, administrators, clerks and medical imaging technologists. The inductive analysis revealed three themes that contributed to moral tensions and injury: 1) experiencing stress and distress with staffing shortages, increased patient care needs, and visitor restrictions; 2) feeling devalued and invisible due to lack of support and inequities; and 3) polarizing anti- and pro-public health measures and incivility. Study findings highlight the spectrum, magnitude, and severity of the emotional, psychological, and physical stress leading to moral injury experienced by the healthcare workforce. Our findings also point to continued, renewed, and new efforts in enhancing both individual and collective moral resilience to mitigate current and prevent future moral tensions and injury.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pessoal de Saúde , Princípios Morais , Pandemias , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Masculino , Feminino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Estudos Longitudinais , SARS-CoV-2 , Ontário/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Angústia PsicológicaRESUMO
Objective: Ensuring the sustainability of the migrant workforce requires a comprehensive understanding of the psychological challenges faced by this sub-population due to concerns about the wellbeing and financial situation of family members in their home countries. Therefore, this study investigates the factors associated with psychological distress among sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) migrant workers across Australia and Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Data were collected from 378 first-generation migrant workers with SSA ancestry residing in Australia and Canada using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine socio-demographic factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among SSA migrants' populations. Results: Across both countries, migrants with lower levels of education were more prone to reporting feelings of depression, anxiety, and stress during the pandemic. Female participants in Australia were more likely to report feeling of depression. Participants in Australia and Canada who were separated/divorced/widowed were less likely to report stress and depression, respectively. Participants in Australia who had lived in Australia between 11 and 20 years and those between 36 and 50 years old were more likely to report feelings of depression. Participants residing in Australia whose SSA ancestry was Southern Africa/Central Africa were more likely to report anxiety. Participants in Australia who worked as part-time permanent workers and those who worked as fixed-term workers/short-term/casual workers were less likely to report anxiety. Finally, participants in Canada who reported two or more people living with them had higher odds of reporting anxiety. Conclusions: The findings from this study highlight key factors associated with SSA migrant workers' psychological distress during the pandemic. The results can inform policies and provide insight to the development of mental health intervention strategies for migrant workers to minimize similar distress during pandemics.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Angústia Psicológica , Migrantes , Humanos , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Adulto , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Austrália/epidemiologia , Canadá/epidemiologia , Migrantes/psicologia , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , África Subsaariana/etnologia , África Subsaariana/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Adolescente , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Psychological distress, an emotional condition with symptoms of anxiety and depression, leads to impaired function, behavior, and personal traits. The current study examined the association between social determinants of health and the severity of psychological distress among adults in the United States after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using multinomial multivariable logistic regression, we analyzed data from 5106 (n = 5106) participants in the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 6. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans (AOR = 0.62, CI = 0.42-0.93) had lower odds of reporting mild psychological distress rather than no stress. Other variables associated with a higher likelihood of reporting moderate to severe psychological distress, rather than no distress, are being in the 50-64 years age group (AOR = 2.77, CI = 1.45-5.28), divorced (AOR = 2.50, CI = 1.70-3.69), and widowed (AOR = 3.78, CI = 2.15-6.64). Respondents living in an urban area had lower odds of reporting moderate to severe psychological distress (AOR = 0.56, CI = 0.39-0.80) compared to those living in rural areas. Our findings identify several risk factors for psychological distress by sociodemographic characteristics such as age, race, marital status, and urban living, providing empirical evidence for interventions in behavioral health. These findings suggest there is an utmost need for a multi-sectoral approach to address the social determinants of health associated with psychological distress post-COVID-19 pandemic.