RESUMO
Although the genus Trichoderma is widely used as a biocontrol agent in crops, little is known about its potential impact on the human immune system. In mice, our group has shown that exposition to T. asperelloides spores lead to reduced neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood and in the peritoneal cavity. In addition, T. stromaticum spores produced an inflammatory infiltrate on mice lungs, reducing the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and receptors of microbial patterns. Here we demonstrate that the interaction of human peripheral neutrophils with T. stromaticum spores also leads to a reduced release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) after induction with the NET-inducer agent phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. This interaction also reduced the expression levels of multiple microRNAs, such as miR-221, miR-222, miR-223 and miR-27a, as well as genes related to NETs, such as ELANE, MPO and PADI4. Furthermore, T. stromaticum spores affected the expression of the genes SOCS3, TLR4, CSNK2A1, GSDMD, and NFFKBIA, related to the activation of inflammatory immune responses in neutrophils. Overall, our results suggest T. stromaticum as a potential NET inhibitor and as an immunomodulatory agent. Since this fungus is used as biocontrol in crops, our findings point to the importance of advancing our knowledge on the effects of this bioagent on the human immune system. Finally, the study of the active compounds produced by the fungus is also important for the prospection of new drugs that could be used to block the exacerbation of inflammatory immune responses present in several human diseases.
Assuntos
Armadilhas Extracelulares/imunologia , Hypocreales/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Esporos/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade/imunologia , Fatores Imunológicos/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , MicroRNAs/imunologiaRESUMO
Microsporidia (phylum Microspora) are unicellular parasites commonly found in invertebrates, fish, and laboratory animals; however, microsporidiosis is an emerging problem in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The infective stage of these parasites is the spore, which possesses a rigid cell wall that protects the parasite outside its host. Little is known about their antigenic composition. Sensitive, reliable, and easily performed methods for identification and speciation are generally not available. Here, we report the production of 21 MAbs specific to spore antigens of several species of Microsporidia. MAbs were generated to purified spores of Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Encephalitozoon hellem, and their reactivities were tested against spores and intracellular developing forms of E. intestinalis, E. hellem, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and Vittaforma corneae. Both species-specific and broad-reactivity MAbs were produced. Five MAbs reacted against the spores of all four species tested: 7 with 3 species, 6 with 2 species, 1 with E. intestinalis, and 4 with the polar tube of all species. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the reactivity of specific MAbs to the spore wall or the polar tube. These MAbs reacted to a few antigens as determined by Western blot, and none of the epitopes were periodate-sensitive. These MAbs may be useful in the diagnosis and speciation of Microsporidia as well in the purification, cloning, and detection of these antigens.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Microsporida/imunologia , Esporos/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/isolamento & purificação , Especificidade de AnticorposRESUMO
The antigenic and allergenic chemical analysis of spore and mycelia extracts of Pisolithus tinctorius was carried out. The spores were collected from basidiocarps in plantations of Eucalyptus spp and the mycelia from culture in MNM medium. With basis on the fungus growth curve, the mycelia masses were obtained after 10, 20, 30, and 40 days of incubation, which correspond, respectively, to the beginning, middle and end of the log phase, and beginning of the decline phase. The mycelia masses, together with the spores, were submitted to the action of three extractors (Coca, Tris-HCl, and ammonium bicarbonate). The contents of carbohydrates and proteins were determined. The SDS-PAGE electrophoretical analysis revealed separate fractions in these extracts, besides common fractions, in function of cultivation time and extraction methods. The selected extracts for the allergic tests were the ones with the highest number of fractions. The prick-tests were conducted in 374 patients--rural workers, eucalyptus plantation workers, and college students. The positivity to the "prick test" with the antigenic extract of P. tinctorius was, respectively, 3.78%, 28.20% and 6.40%. Most prick-test positive patients (82.75%) also presented symptoms of respiratory allergy (asthma and rhinitis). There was no reactivity difference when the spore and mycelia extracts were employed. The analysis of the positive patients' sera revealed the presence of IgE specific to the P. tinctorius antigens. Since Pisolithus tinctorius is found as mycorrhiza of Eucalyptus spp, and this plant is used in reforestation in most countries, the importance of that fungus should be regarded as a possible cause of respiratory allergies, especially in occupationally exposed workers.
Assuntos
Alérgenos , Basidiomycota/imunologia , Extratos Celulares/imunologia , Plantas/microbiologia , Esporos/imunologia , Basidiomycota/química , Carboidratos/análise , Extratos Celulares/química , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas/análise , Esporos/químicaRESUMO
La aerobiología estudia el origen, liberación e impacto de particulas biológicas suspendidas y movilizadas en diversas direcciones por corrientes de aire. Es una ciencia multidisciplinaria donde interactúan conocimientos de diversos especialistas, girando sobre la importancia de los aeroalergenos inhalados capaces de inducir reacciones alérgicas en individuos expuestos. En este trabajo se realizaron varias observaciones en el área de las enfermedades alérgicas, que permitió resaltar al medio ambiente y sus componentes aeroalergenos como los principales responsables dentro de los estímulos inductores alérgicas en esta región tropical
Assuntos
Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Pólen/imunologia , Esporos/imunologia , HipersensibilidadeRESUMO
Aunque existen algunos estudios aerobiológicos de la ciudad de Caracas y áreas cercanas, no se dispone en los momentos de una orientación cronológica de los tipos de polen presentes en el aire y sus abundancias absolutas o relativas. Con el objeto de determinar dicha sucesión polínica y estudiar su influencia así como la de esporas de hongos sobre las enfermedades de tipo alérgico, el Cnric/Cecoic estructuró el primer equipo multidisciplinario en aerobiología. Después del primer año de muestreo del aire se presenta un calendario provisional, basado en los resultados obtenidos entre diciembre 84 y noviembre de 85