RESUMO
The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography and ARFI elastography in detecting malignancy in canine splenic lesions. Thirty-seven spleens with abnormalities (16 benign and 21 malignant) from dogs of different breeds and ages were evaluated. Echogenicity, echotexture, organ length and height were evaluated using B-mode. By ARFI elastography, tissue stiffness was evaluated qualitatively (elastogram) and quantitatively (measuring the shear wave velocity-SWV). Lesions were classified as diffuse, focal or multifocal (cranial, medial or caudal portion) and comparisons of the SWV between the injured and non-injured areas were performed. In the B-mode, no features were associated to malignancy (P > 0.05). In the elastogram, 35 spleens were non-deformable and 2 deformable, having no association with malignancy. The greater SWV was observed in malignant lesions (3.4 ± 0.6 m/s), followed by areas free from alterations (2.1 ± 0.3 m/s) and benign lesions (1.7 ± 0.5 m/s), with difference between groups (P < 0.0001). It was found that a SWV > 2.6 m/s indicates malignancy of canine splenic lesions (sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 94% and accuracy of 97%), concluding that ARFI elastography is a promising technique for differentiating malignancy in these lesions.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Neuroblastoma , Esplenopatias , Animais , Cães , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Esplenopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterináriaRESUMO
Ovarian neoplasms affect a low percentage of female dogs, and these tumors are classified according to their cellular origin and are considered rare. Dysgerminoma is a tumor derived from undifferentiated primordial ovarian germinal epithelium cells. In the male, this neoplasm is diagnosed as seminoma. Thus, dysgerminoma is not linked to the production of ovarian hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which play a fundamental role in the establishment of pyometra. At Araujo Veterinary Hospital (HVA), a 15-year-old female Pinscher was admitted with mucopurulent vaginal discharge, abdominal enlargement, anorexia, polydipsia, and prostration clinical signs indicative of pyometra, radiographic and ultrasound examinations were requested, as well as a blood collection for hemogram and serum biochemistry. Ultrasound examination revealed uterine enlargement and hypoechoic content, in addition to bilateral ovarian cysts, measuring 7 cm in the right ovary and 3 cm in the left. The blood count revealed normal values in the erythrogram and the leukogram showed monocytosis and lymphopenia, in addition to macroplatelets. Biochemical examination revealed increased GGT values of 10 U/L. Ovariohysterectomy was performed and, in the trans-surgical period, nodules in the spleen were observed. So, the ovaries and a fragment of the lymphoid organ, were fixed and sent to the histopathology laboratory after surgical resection. Histopathology revealed ovarian dysgerminoma and lymphoid nodular hyperplasia. Ten days after the surgical procedure, the dog returned to the HVA for clinical evaluation and suture removal. However, three days after the return, the patient presented a convulsive condition evolving to death.
Neoplasias ovarianas acometem baixa porcentagem de cadelas, e estes tumores são classificados de acordo com a origem celular, sendo considerados raros. O disgerminoma é um tumor derivado de células do epitélio germinativo primordial ovariano, indiferenciado. No macho, essa neoplasia é diagnosticada como seminoma. Assim, o disgerminoma não está ligado a produção de hormônios ovarianos, como o estrógeno e a progesterona, que desempenham papel fundamental para o estabelecimento da piometra. No Hospital Veterinário Araújo (HVA), uma cachorra da raça Pinscher, com 15 anos, foi antendida apresentando, secreção vaginal mucopurulenta, aumento abdominal, anorexia, polidipsia e prostração sinais clínicos indicativos de piometra, solicitou-se exame de radiográfico e ultrassonografia, bem como a coleta de sangue para hemograma e bioquímico sérico. O exame ultrassonográfico revelou aumento uterino e conteúdo hipoecóico, além de cistos ovarianos bilaterais, com mensurações de 7 cm no ovário direito e 3 cm no esquerdo. O hemograma revelou valores normais no eritrograma e o leucograma apresentou monocitose e linfopenia, além de macroplaquetas. O exame bioquímico revelou valores de GGT aumentados, em 10 U/L. A ovariohisterectomia foi realizada e no trans cirúrgico observou-se nódulos no baço. Assim, os ovários e um fragmento do órgão linfoide, após a ressecção cirúrgica, foram fixados e encaminhadas para laboratório de histopatologia. A histopatologia revelou disgerminoma ovariano e hiperplasia nodular linfoide. Dez dias após o procedimento cirúrgico, a paciente retornou ao HVA para avaliação clínica e retirada da sutura. No entanto, três dias após o retorno, o animal apresentou um quadro convulsivo evoluindo ao óbito.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Neoplasias Ovarianas/veterinária , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Disgerminoma/veterinária , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/veterinária , Piometra/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of lipoblasts with low incidence in dogs, representing 1.7% of tumorsdiagnosed in the spleen. In veterinary medicine, this neoplasm is classified morphologically into the myxoid, well-differentiated, undifferentiated and pleomorphic subtypes, the latter being one of the most aggressive forms, mainly in cavityorgans. This report refers to a primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a female dog, addressing anatomopathologicaland immunohistochemical aspects.Case: A 14-year-old, 35 kg bitch mongrel with history of absence of defecation, progressive weight loss, difficulty walking, sensitivity to abdominal palpation, prostration, pale mucous membranes, tachypnea and abdominal distention waspresented to diagnosis. The condition evolved to death and, on necroscopy, there was an increase in splenic volume withneoformation of whitish and reddish color, measuring 32 × 27 cm in its largest axes and weighing 8.9 kg. The neoformationexhibited areas of firm and soft consistency, and sectioning revealed focal areas of extensive necrosis and cavity collectionsof different diameters that allowed the flow of liquid serous contents with a brownish red color. Microscopy showed cellsof neoplastic morphology infiltrating the splenic parenchyma, mostly with slightly acidophilic cytoplasm and few intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, which varied in size and distribution. The nucleus of the cells was large, eccentric and irregular,with round to oval morphology, grossly lacy chromatin and single or multiple evident nucleoli. These cells exhibited markedanisocytosis, anisokaryosis and pleomorphism, with more than one mitotic figure per high magnification field visible. Mildinflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphocytic, permeated the neoplastic cells, and marked depletion of lymphoidfollicles and atrophy of the red pulp were found in the remaining splenic parenchyma. Immunohistochemical tests...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Lipossarcoma/veterinária , Cães , Hipovolemia/veterinária , Esplenopatias/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of lipoblasts with low incidence in dogs, representing 1.7% of tumorsdiagnosed in the spleen. In veterinary medicine, this neoplasm is classified morphologically into the myxoid, well-differentiated, undifferentiated and pleomorphic subtypes, the latter being one of the most aggressive forms, mainly in cavityorgans. This report refers to a primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a female dog, addressing anatomopathologicaland immunohistochemical aspects.Case: A 14-year-old, 35 kg bitch mongrel with history of absence of defecation, progressive weight loss, difficulty walking, sensitivity to abdominal palpation, prostration, pale mucous membranes, tachypnea and abdominal distention waspresented to diagnosis. The condition evolved to death and, on necroscopy, there was an increase in splenic volume withneoformation of whitish and reddish color, measuring 32 × 27 cm in its largest axes and weighing 8.9 kg. The neoformationexhibited areas of firm and soft consistency, and sectioning revealed focal areas of extensive necrosis and cavity collectionsof different diameters that allowed the flow of liquid serous contents with a brownish red color. Microscopy showed cellsof neoplastic morphology infiltrating the splenic parenchyma, mostly with slightly acidophilic cytoplasm and few intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, which varied in size and distribution. The nucleus of the cells was large, eccentric and irregular,with round to oval morphology, grossly lacy chromatin and single or multiple evident nucleoli. These cells exhibited markedanisocytosis, anisokaryosis and pleomorphism, with more than one mitotic figure per high magnification field visible. Mildinflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphocytic, permeated the neoplastic cells, and marked depletion of lymphoidfollicles and atrophy of the red pulp were found in the remaining splenic parenchyma. Immunohistochemical tests...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Cães , Lipossarcoma/veterinária , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Hipovolemia/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Splenic stromal neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors that shares the morphology of spindle cells, and are considered a primary mesenchymal neoplasm of the spleen. Among these neoplasms, some are as yet unclassified. Although stromal neoplasms represent 25 a 50% of dog splenic neoplasms in dogs, subtypes rarely occur alone. As these neoplasms are difficult to diagnose in the routine veterinary medical examination, the objective of this article was to report a case of splenic stromal sarcoma in a dog treated at a private veterinary hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Case: An 8-year-old male labrador dog was treated at a veterinary hospital for an initial clinical suspicion of gastroenteritis. Clinical examinations showed anemic ocular mucosa and a distended abdomen. Considering the animal's condition, blood count, serum biochemistry, and abdominal ultrasonography (US) were requested. The laboratory tests revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and changes in the indices of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), among other findings. Abdominal ultrasound showed hepatomegaly, diffuse splenomegaly, a neoformation in the spleen suggestive of splenic neoplasia, and mild cystic prostatic hyperplasia. The dog underwent exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy. During the procedure, a nodule was found attached to the spleen. It was removed, fixed in a 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, and sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations (vimentin, S100, desmin, MyoD1, HHF35, CD31, and alpha smooth muscle actin). The histopathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated spindle cell splenic sarcoma, compatible with splenic stromal sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed neoplastic cells immunoreactive for vimentin and S100, and it was not reactive for other markers. Based on the immunohistochemical and morphological profile, the diagnosis of splenic stromal sarcoma was confirmed. Discussion: Dogs affected by splenic neoplasms are generally aged between three and 17 years, and clinically present with anorexia, emesis, lethargy, weight loss, and abdomen distension, which were observed in the present case. However, a purelyclinical diagnosis is disputable, since other diseases can present the same signs. Thus, complementary exams are essential for a correct diagnosis. Laboratory changes in blood count and serum biochemistry are considered nonspecific for splenic neoplasms, with neutrophilic leukocytosis and anemia being consistent with paraneoplastic syndromes frequently diagnosed in small animals. Microscopically, splenic stromal sarcomas are characterized by focal splenic nodules composed of cohesive polygonal to spindle-shaped cell layers. The cells usually exhibit anisokaryosis and often have large oval to round vesicular nuclei and, occasionally, multinucleated cells. They have large areas of necrosis, diffuse or nodular lymphoid aggregates, and foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis, consistent with the histopathological examination reported in the present case. The immunohistochemical analysis included evaluation of seven markers to elucidate the histogenesis of the neoplasm, with the anti-vimentin and anti-S100 markers demonstrating positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity, revealing the mesenchymal origin of the neoplasm. Thus, the definitive diagnosis was splenic stromal sarcoma, a rare and aggressive neoplasm.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Sarcoma/veterinária , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Neoplasias Esplênicas/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Laparotomia/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: The histiocytic sarcoma (HS) complex is a set of malignant neoplasms originating from interstitial dendritic cells or macrophages. When it involves macrophages of the splenic red pulp and bone marrow, it is referred to as hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma (HHS). HHS behaves more aggressively than HS and is usually fatal. HHS can be diagnosed by cytological and histopathological examination of neoplastic tissue. HHS is confirmed by immunohistochemistry using an anti-CD11d antibody. This neoplasm is often confused with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia or Evans syndrome due to erythrophagocytosis and platelet consumption. The clinical presentation of the animals progresses with evident anemia and thrombocytopenia, leading to signs such as prostration, inappetence, and pale mucosa, making diagnosis challenging and often late. This study aimed to report the clinic-pathological aspects of a canine with atypical hemophagocytic splenic HS. Case: A 4-year-old male Shih-Tzu canine was referred to the Veterinary Hospital with a history of prostration and anorexia. Pale mucous membranes were observed on physical examination. Blood tests revealed non-regenerative anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Serum protein levels were below the reference values for the species in biochemical examinations. Hemoparasitosis was suspected; however, the result of the polymerase chain reaction was negative. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a splenomegaly with heterogeneous parenchyma and a slightly irregular surface, but no visible mass in the spleen. Due to the difficulty of stabilizing the patient, even after successive transfusions, the animal underwent exploratory laparotomy with medial access and posterior splenectomy. Subsequently, the spleen was surgically removed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed routinely. Macroscopically, it had an irregular reddish-brown capsular surface. Histopathological examination of the spleen revealed a densely cellular neoplasm composed of round to spindle cells (histiocytes) arranged haphazardly in variably sized sheets separating the pre-existing spleen stroma. These histopathological findings were consistent with a histiocytic malignant neoplasm. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to better define the origin of the histiocytic neoplasm. Neoplastic cells showed positive immunostaining of more than 80% of tumor cells for the CD11d antibody and weak immunostaining for CD11c and lysozyme. The patient survived for less than 30 days after the first hospital visit. Discussion: The diagnosis of HHS was based on the histological characteristics and positive immunostaining of more than 80% of the tumor cells for the CD11d antibody. HHS is an extremely aggressive and rare tumor that affects elderly dogs of any breed. In this study, HHS had atypical histologic characteristics, in which erythrophagocytosis and hemosiderin were not observed within macrophages. HHSs arise from macrophages of the red pulp of the spleen or bone marrow and express the b2 integrin, CD11d, and have low expression of CD1 and CD11c, which are predominantly expressed by non-hemophagocytic HS. The hematological and biochemical changes observed in this case were similar to those described in other dogs with HHS. Treatment of HHS is only palliative. Erlichia ewingii, E. canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis, Leishmania infantum and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia are the main differential diagnoses because they cause anemia and thrombocytopenia accompanied by splenomegaly.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Células Dendríticas/patologia , Sarcoma Histiocítico/veterinária , Esplenectomia/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterináriaRESUMO
A 12-y-old spayed female Schipperke dog with a previous diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was presented with a 2-mo history of severe colitis. The patient's condition progressed to hepatopathy, pneumonia, and dermatitis following management with prednisolone and dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Colonic biopsies identified severe necrosuppurative colitis with free and intracellular parasitic zoites. Postmortem examination confirmed extensive chronic-active ulcerative colitis, severe acute necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis, interstitial pneumonia, ulcerative dermatitis, myelitis (bone marrow), and mild meningoencephalitis with variable numbers of intracellular and extracellular protozoal zoites. PCR on samples of fresh colon was positive for Neospora caninum. Immunohistochemistry identified N. caninum tachyzoites in sections of colon, and a single tissue cyst in sections of brain. Administration of immunosuppressive drugs may have allowed systemic dissemination of Neospora from the intestinal tract.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Colite Ulcerativa/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Neospora/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Coccidiose/diagnóstico , Coccidiose/patologia , Colite Ulcerativa/parasitologia , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Dermatite/parasitologia , Dermatite/patologia , Dermatite/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Hepatite Animal/parasitologia , Hepatite Animal/patologia , Meningoencefalite/parasitologia , Meningoencefalite/patologia , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Mielite/parasitologia , Mielite/patologia , Mielite/veterinária , Neospora/patogenicidade , Pneumonia/parasitologia , Pneumonia/patologia , Pneumonia/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Esplenopatias/parasitologia , Esplenopatias/patologia , Esplenopatias/veterináriaRESUMO
Splenic abscess is an uncommon condition in humans and animals. The present report describes a rare case of suppurative splenitis in a 14-month-old filly, presented with signs of mild colic, depression and hyporexia. After clinical and laboratorial evaluation, a suppurative process of undetermined location was suspected. Medical therapy and supportive care were initiated, general condition has degraded in few days, and a paracentesis was performed diagnosing peritonitis. Given the poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. At necropsy, multiple splenic abscess and diffuse peritonitis were identified. The etiology was not determined.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Peritonite/veterinária , Sepse/veterinária , Baço/patologia , Abscesso/veterináriaRESUMO
Splenic abscess is an uncommon condition in humans and animals. The present report describes a rare case of suppurative splenitis in a 14-month-old filly, presented with signs of mild colic, depression and hyporexia. After clinical and laboratorial evaluation, a suppurative process of undetermined location was suspected. Medical therapy and supportive care were initiated, general condition has degraded in few days, and a paracentesis was performed diagnosing peritonitis. Given the poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. At necropsy, multiple splenic abscess and diffuse peritonitis were identified. The etiology was not determined.
Assuntos
Animais , Baço/patologia , Cavalos , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Peritonite/veterinária , Sepse/veterinária , Abscesso/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: A primary splenic torsion occurs when the organ rotates around its vascular pedicle in the absence of any other concomitant disease. The occurrence of primary splenic torsion is rare, with a prevalence lower than 1%. Splenic torsion is more often related to dilated gastric volvulus syndrome, and it has no clear etiology despite reports that associate it with congenital abnormalities or traumatic ruptures of the gastrosplenic or splenocolic ligaments. This study reports a case of splenic torsion in an American Pit Bull terrier dog, its related symptomatology, and the treatment adopted.Case: A 3-year-old male American Pit Bull terrier dog weighing 32 kg was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of acute abdomen, lethargy, increased abdominal volume, discomfort, restlessness, and with a history of collapse three days prior to admission. Clinical examination revealed lethargy, pale mucous membranes, reduced capillary refill time, moderate dehydration, and hyperthermia. Abdominal palpation revealed increased abdominal volume in the epigastric and mesogastric areas. CBC and serum biochemistry profile revealed hypochromic normocytic anemia, leukocytosis with absolute neutrophilia and eosinopenia, mild hypoalbuminemia, and thrombocytopenia. PCR for detection of Babesia sp. and Ehrlichia sp., which returned negative results, and measurement of clotting time, which was prolonged, were performed to exclude immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Radiographic and ultrasonographic images showed a normal stomach, but revealed presence of splenomegaly. An exploratory laparotomy allowed direct observation of the spleen, which exhibited an increased volume, a blackened, cold, hyperemic appearance, and a complete torsion of the splenic vascular pedicle; the surgical team opted to perform total splenectomy rather than undoing the pedicle twist. The animal returned to the hospital after 10 days exhibiting an excellent clinical condition.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Anormalidade Torcional/diagnóstico por imagem , Anormalidade Torcional/veterinária , Esplenopatias/cirurgia , Esplenopatias/terapia , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Abdome Agudo/diagnóstico , Abdome Agudo/etiologia , Abdome Agudo/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: A primary splenic torsion occurs when the organ rotates around its vascular pedicle in the absence of any other concomitant disease. The occurrence of primary splenic torsion is rare, with a prevalence lower than 1%. Splenic torsion is more often related to dilated gastric volvulus syndrome, and it has no clear etiology despite reports that associate it with congenital abnormalities or traumatic ruptures of the gastrosplenic or splenocolic ligaments. This study reports a case of splenic torsion in an American Pit Bull terrier dog, its related symptomatology, and the treatment adopted.Case: A 3-year-old male American Pit Bull terrier dog weighing 32 kg was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of acute abdomen, lethargy, increased abdominal volume, discomfort, restlessness, and with a history of collapse three days prior to admission. Clinical examination revealed lethargy, pale mucous membranes, reduced capillary refill time, moderate dehydration, and hyperthermia. Abdominal palpation revealed increased abdominal volume in the epigastric and mesogastric areas. CBC and serum biochemistry profile revealed hypochromic normocytic anemia, leukocytosis with absolute neutrophilia and eosinopenia, mild hypoalbuminemia, and thrombocytopenia. PCR for detection of Babesia sp. and Ehrlichia sp., which returned negative results, and measurement of clotting time, which was prolonged, were performed to exclude immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Radiographic and ultrasonographic images showed a normal stomach, but revealed presence of splenomegaly. An exploratory laparotomy allowed direct observation of the spleen, which exhibited an increased volume, a blackened, cold, hyperemic appearance, and a complete torsion of the splenic vascular pedicle; the surgical team opted to perform total splenectomy rather than undoing the pedicle twist. The animal returned to the hospital after 10 days exhibiting an excellent clinical condition.[...]
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Cães , Anormalidade Torcional/diagnóstico por imagem , Anormalidade Torcional/veterinária , Esplenopatias/cirurgia , Esplenopatias/terapia , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Abdome Agudo/diagnóstico , Abdome Agudo/etiologia , Abdome Agudo/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Splenic hematoma is an encapsulated blood accumulation, which is macroscopically indistinguishable from malignant spleen. The treatment of choice and final diagnosis were by splenectomy and exploratory laparotomy followed by biopsy and histopathological examination, respectively. Nylon tie bands are devices made of polyamide 6.6, same material of surgical nylon wires, and has been used in different surgical procedures in animals. The present report case aimed to describe the use of nylon tie bands polyamide 6.6 in a 2.3-year-old Golden retriever dog diagnosed with splenic hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia; and the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, histological diagnosis of splenic hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia. Case: A 2.3-year-old intact male Golden retriever dog was presented with history of anorexia, apathy, regurgitation and weight loss. During the physical examination was identified a mass in the left side of abdomen. The complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and thoracic radiographs were no alteration. Abdominal ultrasound revealed splenomegaly and heterogeneous hypoechoic structure. Splenectomy using an adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 for hemostasis technique was performed during an exploratory laparotomy. The spleen presented hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia at the histopathological examination, as well as the presence of siderocalcinotic plate in the trabecular spleen. The dog presented with no regurgitation, apathy or anorexia after 10 days of surgery. CBC, serum biochemistry analysis, thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound revealed no abnormalities. Video laparoscopy did not showed any sign of adherence on the local where used the nylon tie bands. One year and three months after the surgery, the owner was contacted by telephone, since he had changed to other city, and he reported that the dog was healthy without any clinical signs...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Hemostasia Cirúrgica/métodos , Hemostasia Cirúrgica/veterinária , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Nylons , Estruturas Linfoides Terciárias , Esplenectomia/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Splenic hematoma is an encapsulated blood accumulation, which is macroscopically indistinguishable from malignant spleen. The treatment of choice and final diagnosis were by splenectomy and exploratory laparotomy followed by biopsy and histopathological examination, respectively. Nylon tie bands are devices made of polyamide 6.6, same material of surgical nylon wires, and has been used in different surgical procedures in animals. The present report case aimed to describe the use of nylon tie bands polyamide 6.6 in a 2.3-year-old Golden retriever dog diagnosed with splenic hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia; and the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, histological diagnosis of splenic hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia. Case: A 2.3-year-old intact male Golden retriever dog was presented with history of anorexia, apathy, regurgitation and weight loss. During the physical examination was identified a mass in the left side of abdomen. The complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and thoracic radiographs were no alteration. Abdominal ultrasound revealed splenomegaly and heterogeneous hypoechoic structure. Splenectomy using an adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 for hemostasis technique was performed during an exploratory laparotomy. The spleen presented hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia at the histopathological examination, as well as the presence of siderocalcinotic plate in the trabecular spleen. The dog presented with no regurgitation, apathy or anorexia after 10 days of surgery. CBC, serum biochemistry analysis, thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound revealed no abnormalities. Video laparoscopy did not showed any sign of adherence on the local where used the nylon tie bands. One year and three months after the surgery, the owner was contacted by telephone, since he had changed to other city, and he reported that the dog was healthy without any clinical signs...
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Cães , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Estruturas Linfoides Terciárias , Hemostasia Cirúrgica/métodos , Hemostasia Cirúrgica/veterinária , Nylons , Esplenectomia/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: The main indications to splenectomy in dogs are splenic neoplasms and torsions as well as serious injuries and hemolytic diseases refractory to medical therapy. Animal laparoscopic splenectomy is basically described in experimental studies, while in humans the technique has been established as a standard surgical treatment of splenic disorders. Due to the shortage of reports showing the applicability of this technique in veterinary routine, this study aimed to report a case of laparoscopic splenectomy using bipolar hemostasis and transparietal sutures in a dog that presented splenic mass.Case: A 12-years-old dachshund male was referred for splenectomy due to suspected of splenic neoplasm, after observation of splenic nodules during an ultrasound examination. The splenectomy was performed by videosurgery, with three portal accesses after clinical and laboratory evaluation. The first portal was positioned laterally to the fourth right mammary gland, and the second one in the umbilicus scar; the third one was introduced by paramedian access, laterally to the penis (on the left position). After establishment of CO2 pneumoperitoneum was visualized the splenic mass and performed the first temporary transparietal suture using nylon 0; the spleen was elevated in order to exposure the branches of the splenic vessels. It was realized bipolar cauterization and splenic ablation...(AU)
Os neoplasmas e as torções esplênicas, assim como os traumatismos graves e doenças hemolíticas refratárias a tratamento clínico, estão entre as principais indicações para esplenectomia total em cães [10].As hiperplasias nodulares, principal alteração não neoplásica em caninos [3], tem grande importância diferencial para os neoplasmas, principalmente para os linfomas, já que estes podem se apresentar de forma nodular [9,12].A videocirurgia teve início na Medicina Veterinária como técnica diagnóstica e, cada vez mais, vem sendo utilizada com diferentes fins terapêuticos. A esplenectomia laparoscópica em pequenos animais é basicamente descrita em estudos experimentais [11,13], enquanto, em humanos essa técnica já foi consagrada como tratamento padrão das afecções cirúrgicas do baço [13].Em estudo no qual foi comparado o acesso laparoscópico com o convencional para esplenectomia em cães constatou-se a viabilidade da técnica que, apesar de estar associada à maior tempo cirúrgico, possibilitou redução na lesão de acesso, menor perda sanguínea e menor pontuação na escala de dor [11].Em virtude da escassez de relatos da aplicabilidade dessa técnica na rotina veterinária, esse trabalho objetiva relatar um caso de esplenectomia videolaparoscópica com auxílio de hemostasia bipolar e suturas transparietais em cão com massa esplênica...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Esplenectomia/métodos , Esplenectomia/veterinária , Laparoscopia/veterinária , /veterinária , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Hemostasia , Suturas/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: The main indications to splenectomy in dogs are splenic neoplasms and torsions as well as serious injuries and hemolytic diseases refractory to medical therapy. Animal laparoscopic splenectomy is basically described in experimental studies, while in humans the technique has been established as a standard surgical treatment of splenic disorders. Due to the shortage of reports showing the applicability of this technique in veterinary routine, this study aimed to report a case of laparoscopic splenectomy using bipolar hemostasis and transparietal sutures in a dog that presented splenic mass.Case: A 12-years-old dachshund male was referred for splenectomy due to suspected of splenic neoplasm, after observation of splenic nodules during an ultrasound examination. The splenectomy was performed by videosurgery, with three portal accesses after clinical and laboratory evaluation. The first portal was positioned laterally to the fourth right mammary gland, and the second one in the umbilicus scar; the third one was introduced by paramedian access, laterally to the penis (on the left position). After establishment of CO2 pneumoperitoneum was visualized the splenic mass and performed the first temporary transparietal suture using nylon 0; the spleen was elevated in order to exposure the branches of the splenic vessels. It was realized bipolar cauterization and splenic ablation...
Os neoplasmas e as torções esplênicas, assim como os traumatismos graves e doenças hemolíticas refratárias a tratamento clínico, estão entre as principais indicações para esplenectomia total em cães [10].As hiperplasias nodulares, principal alteração não neoplásica em caninos [3], tem grande importância diferencial para os neoplasmas, principalmente para os linfomas, já que estes podem se apresentar de forma nodular [9,12].A videocirurgia teve início na Medicina Veterinária como técnica diagnóstica e, cada vez mais, vem sendo utilizada com diferentes fins terapêuticos. A esplenectomia laparoscópica em pequenos animais é basicamente descrita em estudos experimentais [11,13], enquanto, em humanos essa técnica já foi consagrada como tratamento padrão das afecções cirúrgicas do baço [13].Em estudo no qual foi comparado o acesso laparoscópico com o convencional para esplenectomia em cães constatou-se a viabilidade da técnica que, apesar de estar associada à maior tempo cirúrgico, possibilitou redução na lesão de acesso, menor perda sanguínea e menor pontuação na escala de dor [11].Em virtude da escassez de relatos da aplicabilidade dessa técnica na rotina veterinária, esse trabalho objetiva relatar um caso de esplenectomia videolaparoscópica com auxílio de hemostasia bipolar e suturas transparietais em cão com massa esplênica...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Esplenectomia/métodos , Esplenectomia/veterinária , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Laparoscopia/veterinária , Hemostasia , Suturas/veterináriaRESUMO
O baço é alvo de inúmeras afecções não neoplásicas e neoplásicas. O hemangiossarcoma correspondea um das proliferações neoplásicas esplênicas mais frequentes. Esse possui origem vascular endoteliale alto potencial metastático. Todas as afecções do baço provocam uma esplenomegalia perceptível aoexame físico (por palpação) ou por ultrassonografia abdominal. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificara incidência, na espécie canina, do hemangiossarcoma dentre todas as lesões esplênicas da rotinaclínico-cirúrgica de um hospital veterinário universitário. Foram colhidos, durante os anos de 2005 a2011, dados de 45 caninos portadores de neoformações esplênicas, a partir de prontuários oriundosdo Hospital Veterinário Anhembi Morumbi (São Paulo, SP). Considerou-se o tipo histológico de cadaproliferação. Para os animais acometidos por hemangiossarcoma, também se obtiveram informaçõesrelacionadas à raça, idade e sexo. O estudo observou que as lesões não neoplásicas compreenderam64,4% dos casos, com maior frequência para as hiperplasias nodulares (31,1%) e alterações circulatórias(24,4%), como congestão, hematoma e hemorragia. As neoplasias esplênicas demonstraram uma frequênciade 35,6%, sendo 69,23% dessas equivalentes a hemangiossarcomas. O perfil epidemiológico usualdo paciente acometido por tal afecção correspondeu a animais de raça de grande porte, idade de noveanos, porém sem predisposição sexual. Com o presente trabalho pode-se concluir que os hemangiossarcomassão as afecções neoplásicas esplênicas mais comuns na espécie canina, precedida, somente,pelas hiperplasias nodulares demonstrando a importância no diagnóstico diferencial em relação a tratamentoe prognóstico.(AU)
The spleen is the subject of numerous non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. The hemangiosarcomacorresponds to a proliferation of neoplastic splenic more frequent. This has vascular endothelial and highmetastatic potential. All the conditions cause a spleen noticeable splenomegaly on physical examination(by palpation) or abdominal ultrasonography. The objective of this study was determine the incidence,in dogs, hemangiosarcoma among the all splenic injuries from routine clinical and surgical hospital veterinarycollege. Were collected during the years 2005 to 2011, data from 45 patients with canine splenicneoformation, the from records from the Veterinary Hospital Anhembi Morumbi (Sao Paulo, SP). Weconsidered the histological type of each spread. For those animals afflicted with hemangiosarcoma, alsoobtained information related to race, age and sex. The study noted that non-neoplastic lesions comprised64,4% of cases, more often for nodular hyperplasia (31,1%) and circulatory disorders (24,4%), as congestion, bruising and bleeding. Splenic neoplasms showed a frequency of 35,6% and 69,23% of theequivalent hemangiosarcomas. The usual epidemiological profile of the affected patient on such pathologycorresponded to animals of large breed, age nine years, but no sexual predisposition. The presentwork it can be concluded that are neoplastic hemangiosarcomas splenic more common in dogs, precededonly by the nodular hyperplasia demonstrating the importance in the diagnosis differential in relation totreatment and prognosis.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Neoplasias/veterinária , Cães , Hemangiossarcoma/veterináriaRESUMO
O baço é alvo de inúmeras afecções não neoplásicas e neoplásicas. O hemangiossarcoma correspondea um das proliferações neoplásicas esplênicas mais frequentes. Esse possui origem vascular endoteliale alto potencial metastático. Todas as afecções do baço provocam uma esplenomegalia perceptível aoexame físico (por palpação) ou por ultrassonografia abdominal. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificara incidência, na espécie canina, do hemangiossarcoma dentre todas as lesões esplênicas da rotinaclínico-cirúrgica de um hospital veterinário universitário. Foram colhidos, durante os anos de 2005 a2011, dados de 45 caninos portadores de neoformações esplênicas, a partir de prontuários oriundosdo Hospital Veterinário Anhembi Morumbi (São Paulo, SP). Considerou-se o tipo histológico de cadaproliferação. Para os animais acometidos por hemangiossarcoma, também se obtiveram informaçõesrelacionadas à raça, idade e sexo. O estudo observou que as lesões não neoplásicas compreenderam64,4% dos casos, com maior frequência para as hiperplasias nodulares (31,1%) e alterações circulatórias(24,4%), como congestão, hematoma e hemorragia. As neoplasias esplênicas demonstraram uma frequênciade 35,6%, sendo 69,23% dessas equivalentes a hemangiossarcomas. O perfil epidemiológico usualdo paciente acometido por tal afecção correspondeu a animais de raça de grande porte, idade de noveanos, porém sem predisposição sexual. Com o presente trabalho pode-se concluir que os hemangiossarcomassão as afecções neoplásicas esplênicas mais comuns na espécie canina, precedida, somente,pelas hiperplasias nodulares demonstrando a importância no diagnóstico diferencial em relação a tratamentoe prognóstico.
The spleen is the subject of numerous non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. The hemangiosarcomacorresponds to a proliferation of neoplastic splenic more frequent. This has vascular endothelial and highmetastatic potential. All the conditions cause a spleen noticeable splenomegaly on physical examination(by palpation) or abdominal ultrasonography. The objective of this study was determine the incidence,in dogs, hemangiosarcoma among the all splenic injuries from routine clinical and surgical hospital veterinarycollege. Were collected during the years 2005 to 2011, data from 45 patients with canine splenicneoformation, the from records from the Veterinary Hospital Anhembi Morumbi (Sao Paulo, SP). Weconsidered the histological type of each spread. For those animals afflicted with hemangiosarcoma, alsoobtained information related to race, age and sex. The study noted that non-neoplastic lesions comprised64,4% of cases, more often for nodular hyperplasia (31,1%) and circulatory disorders (24,4%), as congestion, bruising and bleeding. Splenic neoplasms showed a frequency of 35,6% and 69,23% of theequivalent hemangiosarcomas. The usual epidemiological profile of the affected patient on such pathologycorresponded to animals of large breed, age nine years, but no sexual predisposition. The presentwork it can be concluded that are neoplastic hemangiosarcomas splenic more common in dogs, precededonly by the nodular hyperplasia demonstrating the importance in the diagnosis differential in relation totreatment and prognosis.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cães , Esplenopatias/veterinária , Neoplasias/veterinária , Hemangiossarcoma/veterináriaRESUMO
Leishmania promastigotes interact with macrophages through the association of multiple membrane surface receptors. Macrophage complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18 or Mac-1) has been implicated in the interaction of both human and murine macrophages with serum-opsonized promastigotes. The aim of this study was to determine CR3 expression in the livers and spleens of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. CR3 expression in liver was higher in asymptomatic than in symptomatic animals. Moreover, the hepatic parasitism load determined by immunocytochemical analysis was lower in parallel with higher numbers of granulomas. In contrast, in spleens, CR3 expression was higher in symptomatic animals than in asymptomatic ones. However, the tissue parasite load was greater in spleens of symptomatic dogs. There was a strict correlation between the parasite load and cellular CR3 expression in the spleens of dogs naturally infected with L. chagasi. CR3 macrophage integrins could be essential receptors for Leishmania survival. Considering that the symptomatic animals showed higher parasite loads and higher CD11b/CD18 expression in their spleens, we can conclude that these splenic cells (monocyte-macrophages) might serve to perpetuate intracellular infection.