RESUMO
Procamallanus is a species-rich genus of parasitic nematodes of marine, brackish, and freshwater fishes, occurring also occasionally in amphibians and reptiles. In the Neotropical region, this genus is highly diverse, with species described from a wide range of fish families. In this study, we reassess the taxonomic status of Procamallanus rebecae with molecular and morphological data and describe a new species endemic to Nicaragua and Costa Rica. We analyzed all Procamallanus isolated from fish from the Nicaraguan lakes and some rivers in Costa Rica after an exhaustive analysis of their freshwater fish endoparasite fauna. Procamallanus rebecae is a host-specific parasite of Middle American cichlids, previously reported in southern Mexico, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. We therefore compared these Central American specimens with individuals of P. rebecae collected in cichlids from southeastern Mexico using two genomic regions (28S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, COI). We found high levels of sequence divergence between Procamallanus from the two geographical regions, with up to 9.8 and 10.5% for both genetic markers, respectively. We also analyzed their morphology and found conspicuous differences in the shape of the mouth and the structure of the female cauda. We therefore describe the specimens of Procamallanus from Central American cichlids as a new species. Both Procamallanus species occur in different cichlid species and are allopatrically distributed. The host specificity and ancient association patterns between cichlids and Procamallanus and the jointly colonization of both hosts and parasites during their northern dispersal from South America are briefly discussed.
Assuntos
Ciclídeos/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Espirurídios/classificação , Animais , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Feminino , Nematoides/classificação , Nicarágua/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Especificidade da Espécie , Espirurídios/genética , Infecções por Spirurida/epidemiologia , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) huacraensis infecting the catfish Trichomycterus spegazzinii from Escoipe River, Salta province (Argentina), is redescribed and genetically characterised for the first time, based on three genetic markers (nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [cox1] mtDNA). The phylogeny of Camallanidae was also discussed. Morphological evaluation of P. (S.) huacraensis using light and scanning electron microscopy revealed the previously undescribed features: location of deirids, accurate morphology of larvae (L1) and ovijector in females, as well as phasmids in males. Differences were found comparing the newly collected material and the type specimens, probably because the original description lacked detailing. Unfortunately, type specimens of P. (S.) huacraensis were no available for loan. The results of morphological and genetic analyses supported the validity of P. (S.) huacraensis. Inconsistencies regarding the taxonomic identification of species of Camallanidae in GenBank database were noted. Based on the current genetic database of Camallanidae, phylogenetic reconstructions using the 18S rRNA sequences were most consistent, due to the inclusion of higher number of taxa. Procamallanus (S.) huacraensis appeared as sister group of P. (S.) rarus, also isolated from a catfish in a neighbouring region. The order and habitat of hosts were also similar within some well-supported parasite lineages, but without common geographic origin. However, it is still premature to make definitive affirmations regarding the role of such features in the phylogenetic patterns of Camallanidae, given the scarcity of genetic data. The phylogenetic reconstructions also confirmed the artificiality of the morphology-based systematics of the family.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Espirurídios/classificação , Espirurídios/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Argentina , Peixes-Gato/parasitologia , DNA de Helmintos/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Rios/parasitologia , Espirurídios/genética , Espirurídios/fisiologia , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologiaRESUMO
The species Hedruris mucronifer Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1952 parasite of Telmatobius schreiteri from Tafí del Valle, Tucumán, Argentina is herein redescribed. The main morphological characters used for its identification are illustrated. The lectotype and paralectotype are designated, respectively. The specific epithet of the host is rectified.
Assuntos
Anuros/parasitologia , Espirurídios/anatomia & histologia , Espirurídios/classificação , Animais , Argentina , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
This study describes the morphology of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pintoi (Kohn et Fernandes, 1988), isolated from the intestine of Corydoras micracanthus Regan, 1912 and C. paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) (both Callichthyidae, Siluriformes) from Bermejo and Juramento River basins, respectively, province of Salta, Argentina. This is the first record of P. (S.) pintoi in C. micracanthus from Northwestern Argentina. The light and scanning electron microscopy observations of P. (S.) pintoi, revealed a few previously unreported morphological details of the cephalic region, vulva and caudal region of males. In addition, morphometric variability was observed in, mainly body size, glandular oesophagus length and position of the vulva between present specimens and those described in previous studies. A key to the species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) from the Neotropical Realm is proposed.
Assuntos
Peixes-Gato/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Espirurídios/classificação , Animais , Argentina , Tamanho Corporal , Feminino , Intestinos/parasitologia , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterinária , Rios , Espirurídios/genética , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologiaRESUMO
Thubunaea eleodori sp. nov. is described from the stomach of Liolaemus eleodori (Sauria: Liolaemidae) from San Guillermo National Park, Province of San Juan, Argentina. T. eleodori is most similar to those species lacking spicules, T. cnemidophorus, T. fitsimonsi, T. parkeri, T. schukurovi, and T. smogorzhewskii. T. eleodori is separated from these species based on the papilla pattern. T. eleodori has 12 pedunculate papillae and 14 sessile papillae, T. smogorzhewskii lacks pedunculate papillae, T. fitsimonsi and T. parkeri lack sessile papillae, and T. cnemidophorus has14-16 pedunculate papillae and 12 sessile papillae. T. eleodori represents the first member of the genus to be reported from Argentina.
Assuntos
Lagartos/parasitologia , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Espirurídios/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Argentina , Feminino , Masculino , Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia , Parques Recreativos , Espirurídios/classificação , Espirurídios/genética , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologiaRESUMO
Nematodes belonging to genus Hedruris Nitzsch, 1821 (Nematoda: Hedruridae) were found in the stomach of the freshwater fish Oligosarcus jenynsii (Günther, 1864) (Characidae) from a shallow eutrophic lake in Argentina. Morphological comparisons with congeneric relatives showed that these nematodes belong to a new species, for which H. bifida n. sp. is proposed. Hedruris bifida n. sp. can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: bifid deirids, absence of precloacal papillae and nine pairs of postcloacal papillae and non-mammillated eggs. The new species closely resembles Hedruris suttonae Brugni & Viozzi, 2010¸ the only known species from Argentina; however, the bifid deirids in the new species and the distribution pattern of perianal spines in females clearly distinguish both species. Hedruris bifida n. sp. represents the second nominal species of the genus in Argentina and the eighth species described in the Neotropical region.
Assuntos
Characidae/parasitologia , Espirurídios/classificação , Animais , Argentina , Feminino , Lagos/parasitologia , Masculino , Especificidade da Espécie , Espirurídios/anatomia & histologia , Estômago/parasitologiaRESUMO
The scorpion mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) is a small freshwater turtle broadly distributed in South America and commonly consumed in some Brazilian regions. This study aimed to identify the species of helminths that parasitize the digestive tract of K. scorpioides and report infection parameters such as parasite prevalence, mean intensity of the infection, abundance, and the relationship between these nematodes and host body size in this species. We captured 20 adult male K. scorpioides, and 6 animals had nematodes in their gastrointestinal tract. These animals had Serpinema magathi (prevalence = 0.3) and Spiroxys figueiredoi (prevalence = 0.25). There were no correlations between the number of total parasites and carapace length (rs = 0.17, n = 6, P = 0.74) or the length of the gastrointestinal tract (rs = 0.18, n = 6, P = 0.73).
Assuntos
Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , Nematoides/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Tartarugas/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Fezes/parasitologia , Água Doce , Masculino , Nematoides/classificação , Infecções por Nematoides/epidemiologia , Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia , Prevalência , Estações do Ano , Espirurídios/classificação , Espirurídios/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterináriaRESUMO
Decorataria magnilabiata (Molin, 1860) n. comb. is proposed for Dispharagus magnilabiatus Molin, 1860 [= Acuaria (Cheilospirura) magnilabiata (Molin, 1860) Railliet, Henry & Sisoff, 1912; Cheilospirura magnilabiata (Molin, 1860) Stiles & Hassall, 1920; Dispharynx magnilabiata (Molin, 1860) Gendre, 1920] (Nematoda, Spirurida, Acuariidae), a parasite of the roseate spoonbill Platalea ajaja L. (Ciconiiformes, Threskiornithidae) known from Brazil, France (bird in captivity), Argentina and Cuba. The species is redescribed and illustrated on the basis of the type-series (from Brazil) in the Helminthological Collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Syncuaria diacantha Petter, 1961 [= Decorataria diacantha (P.) Skryabin, Sobolev & Ivashkin, 1965], originally described from Platalea ajaja in France (bird in captivity), is recognised as a junior synonym of Decorataria magnilabiata (new synonymy).
Assuntos
Aves/parasitologia , Espirurídios/classificação , Estruturas Animais/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Esôfago/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Masculino , Microscopia , América do Sul , Espirurídios/anatomia & histologia , Espirurídios/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
In a parasitological survey of free-ranging Cerdocyon thous (Carnivora: Canidae) from Brazilian Caatinga shrubland, a new species of Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) was recovered from the small intestine of this host. Morphological analysis showed that P. (Multipectines) pluripectinata n. sp. is distinguished from all other congeneric species mainly by the numerous plate-like projections and male caudal morphology and spicular length. There are few records on the occurrence of this genus in Neotropical regions.
Assuntos
Canidae/parasitologia , Espirurídios/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Masculino , Espirurídios/anatomia & histologia , Espirurídios/classificaçãoRESUMO
Gastrointestinal nematodes were recovered from thirty four Gracilinanus agilis from forty four collected in Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Two hundred seventy four spirurids were recovered from the esophagus, stomach and intestines, comprising three species from three different genera. These were identified as Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) jägerskiöldi, Spirura guianensis and Physaloptera herthameyerae n. sp. is first described. This is the first record of nematodes of the genera Physaloptera and Spirura in hosts of the genus Gracilinanus. The high prevalence of spirurids in 72.3% of the G. agilis collected probably is influenced by the arboreal and diet behaviors.
Assuntos
Gambás/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Espirurídios/classificação , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ecossistema , Feminino , Masculino , Espirurídios/isolamento & purificação , Espirurídios/ultraestrutura , Infecções por Spirurida/epidemiologia , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologiaRESUMO
Inglisera cirrohamata (Linstow, 1888) (Nematoda: Acuariidae) is redescribed based on specimens collected from the type host, Phalacrocorax verrucosus (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae), and the type locality, Kerguelen Island, in the southern Indian Ocean. Three new hosts and 2 new localities were recorded, i.e., Phalacrocorax [atriceps] albiventer and P. brasilianus from Puerto Madryn, Argentina and P. magellanicus from Puerto Williams, Chile. The structure of the cephalic ornamentations was observed and fully described. The presence of 6 pairs of postcloacal papillae is confirmed, a description of the tip of left spicule is given, and the presence of post-deirids is reported for the first time. This constitutes the first record of this nematode in South America and provides the first study of the genus by scanning electron microscopy.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Espirurídios/classificação , Animais , Argentina , Aves , Chile , Feminino , Ilhas do Oceano Índico , Masculino , Espirurídios/anatomia & histologia , Espirurídios/ultraestrutura , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologiaRESUMO
A new species of Parahadjelia occurs in the muscovy duck, Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758), from the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The new species differs from Parhadjelia neglecta Lent and Freitas, 1939, in the body size, in the spicules shape and ratio of spicules, and in having 2 pairs of sessile papillae near the tail tip of the male. The characters exhibited by P. neglecta and the new species validate its generic status distinct from Hadjelia.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Patos/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Espirurídios/classificação , Animais , Costa Rica , Feminino , Moela das Aves/parasitologia , Masculino , Espirurídios/anatomia & histologia , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologiaRESUMO
Two new species of habronematid nematodes are described in birds from the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Torquatoides trogoni n. sp., in Trogon massena, can be distinguished from T. torquata, T. bengalensis, and T. crotophaga in lacking lateral alae. Among species lacking lateral alae, the new species differs from T. balanocephala in having 14 versus 8-10 cephalic cuticular plaques, 21-22 versus 13-17 pairs of preanal papillae, and a beak-shaped versus U-shaped gubernaculum. The new species differs from T. singhi in body length, in having 21-22 versus 10 pairs of precloacal papillae, longer spicules, and larger eggs. The new species differs from T. crotophaga, the only other species known from Central America, in lacking lateral alae, and having 14 versus 6 cephalic cuticular plaques, 21-22 versus 17 pairs of precloacal and 3 versus 2 pairs of postcloacal papillae, and a gubernaculum. Excisa ramphastina n. sp., in Ramphastos sulfuratus, can be distinguished from E. excisa, E. biloba, E. buckleyi, E. dentifera, and E. khalili in having 1 lateral ala versus none, cervical papillae anterior versus posterior to the nerve ring, and asymmetrical caudal alae. Excisa ramphastina is similar to E. curvata in having cervical papillae anterior to the nerve ring but differs in having 1 lateral ala versus none, asymmetrical caudal alae, an average spicule ratio of 1:4.4 versus 1:3.3, and 4 versus 2 pairs of sessile papillae. The new species differs from E. columbi in having 1 versus 2 lateral alae, in the length of the spicules, in having a different spicule ratio, and in the numbers of sessile papillae.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Espirurídios/classificação , Animais , Aves , Feminino , Moela das Aves/parasitologia , Masculino , Espirurídios/anatomia & histologia , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologiaRESUMO
Four species of Procyrnea were collected in birds from the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Procyrnea brevicaudata n. sp. in Crypturellus cinnamomeus resembles P. ficheuri, P. murrayi, P. ameerae, P. dollfusi, and P. aptera in lacking lateral alae but differs from all these species in having 2 longitudinal ridges on the left side of the body, in having a sinistral rather than ventral vulvar opening, and in having dorsally bent rather than straight female tails. Procyrnea mawsonae n. sp., in Buteo magnirostris, is similar to P. strialata in body size and in having 2 transverse striated lateral alae, but differs by having longer and differently shaped spicules, and by lacking a single preanal sessile papilla. Procyrnea mclennanae n. sp., in Heliomaster constantii, is similar to P. strialata (Zhang, 1991) and P. mawsonae n. sp. in having 2 transverse striated lateral alae, but it can be distinguished from P. strialata and P. mawsonae in having 4 rather than 3 small teeth on the interior border of the pseudolabia, in having unequal rather than equal lateral alae, and in having longer spicules. Procyrnea sp., on the basis of a single adult male in Campephilus guatemalensis, resembles P. suraiyae, P. tulostoma, and P. unilateralis in possessing a single and long lateral ala, but can be distinguished from P. suraiyae and P. tulostoma in the length of the left spicule, in the left spicule having a bifid distal end, the right spicule having a rounded distal end rather than both spicules having pointed distal ends, and in having the lateral ala beginning at the lip region instead of posterior to the cervical papillae. It differs from P. uncinipenis in having a spicule ratio of 1:3.5 rather than 1:2.5, in the left spicule having a bifid rather than alate distal end, and in the absence of a single preanal papilla.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Espirurídios/classificação , Animais , Aves , Costa Rica , Feminino , Masculino , Aves Predatórias , Espirurídios/anatomia & histologia , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologiaRESUMO
Specimens of Thubunaea dactyluris Karve, 1938 sensu Fabio and Rolas, 1974 from the lizard Ameiva ameiva of Brazil and types of Physalopteroides venancioi (Lent, Freitas, and Proença, 1946) from the toad Bufo paracnemis of Paraguay were re-examined. The male caudal papillae and the tooth arrangement demonstrated that these specimens were conspecific and are all assigned to P. venancioi. The occurrence of Physalopteroides dactyluris (Karve, 1938), a nematode parasite of lizards of India and Turkmenistan, is invalidated for Brazil.
Assuntos
Bufo bufo/parasitologia , Lagartos/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Espirurídios/classificação , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , Paraguai , Espirurídios/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
This report deals with the identification of 139 samples of nematodes recovered from Brazilian jays. Viktorocara brasiliensis n.sp. is proposed and compared with V. capilaris, V. limosae, V. charadrii and V. garridoi which are the other species included in the genus. The differentiation of V. brasiliensis n. sp. was based on the ratios between muscular and glandular esophagus and spicules, as well. Other referred species are Acuaria mamillaris, A. mayori, Aprocta sp., Cheilospirura sp., Diplotriaena americana, D. bargusinica, Oxyspirura matogrosensis, Oxyspirura sp., Pelecitus helicinus, Procyrnea sp., Skrjabinura spiralis, Subulura papillosa, Synhimantus sp. and Tetrameres (Microtetrameres) sp., with the stablishment of some new host records.