RESUMO
We assessed impacts on classroom quality and on 5 child language and behavioral outcomes of a 2-year teacher professional-development program for publicly funded prekindergarten and kindergarten in Chile. This cluster-randomized trial included 64 schools (child N = 1,876). The program incorporated workshops and in-classroom coaching. We found moderate to large positive impacts on observed emotional and instructional support as well as classroom organization in prekindergarten classrooms after 1 year of the program. After 2 years of the program, moderate positive impacts were observed on emotional support and classroom organization. No significant program impacts on child outcomes were detected at posttest (1 marginal effect, an increase in a composite of self-regulation and low problem behaviors, was observed). Professional development for preschool teachers in Chile can improve classroom quality. More intensive curricular approaches are needed for these improvements to translate into effects on children.
Assuntos
Educação Continuada , Docentes , Escolas Maternais/normas , Ensino/métodos , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Educação/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Melhoria de Qualidade , Ensino/normasRESUMO
Se presentan las bases institucionales del programa JUNJI y se describen los cambios en los aspectos alimentarios y nutricionales más importantes implementados desde su inicio en 1970 hasta el presente. Se presenta la evolución del estado nutricional de la población atendida, evaluando la posible relación con los cambios programáticos. La subnutrición y el déficit de talla han prácticamente desaparecido como problema de salud pública en estos 30 años, sin embargo la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad ha aumentado en forma significativa en los últimos 10 años, estabilizándose a partir del 2000. Los logros alcanzados en los últimos años son el resultado de los cambios en las normativas definidas por JUNJI con respecto al aporte nutricional y patrón dietario ofrecido a los preescolares, el fomento la actividad física, la educación alimentaria dirigida a los niños y sus familias; todo esto apoya vidas más activas y alimentación más saludable. Se proponen orientaciones y recomendaciones programáticas hacia el futuro, con el fin de adecuar el programa JUNJI a los cambios epidemiológicos y nutricionales observados en el país.
The institutional development of the JUNJI programs is presented; changes in the dietary and nutritional guidelines implemented from 1970 to the present are described. The evolution of nutritional status of beneficiaries is presented and the relationship to program changes is explored. Undernutrition and stunting have practically disappeared as public health problems in the past 30 years. However the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased significantly in the past 10 years, reaching stability after 2000. The achievements over the past years are the result of changes in the technical norms defined by JUNJI with respect to nutrition and dietary pattern guidelines offered to preschool children, the promotion of physical activity, nutrition education directed at children and families; all of which support active lives and healthier feeding patterns. We propose program orientations and recommendations for the future in order to adjust the JUNJI program to the present epidemiologic profile and nutritional problems of the country.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Escolas Maternais/normas , Programas de Nutrição , Chile , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Comportamento Alimentar , Recuperação Nutricional , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Alimentos IntegraisAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/normas , Escolas Maternais/normas , Varicela/prevenção & controle , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Diarreia Infantil/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Haemophilus/prevenção & controle , Hepatite A/prevenção & controle , Infecções Meningocócicas/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Parvoviridae/prevenção & controle , Complicações na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Doenças Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Síndrome da Rubéola Congênita/prevenção & controle , Viroses/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences between indoor and outdoor ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels at a school located in southwest Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Indoor and outdoor O3 and NO2 levels were measured daily between January and April 1990 by manual monitoring. RESULTS: Indoor and outdoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide did not surpass the Mexican standard (0.21 ppm). The correlation coefficient between maximum NO2 concentrations measured by the city's local monitoring station and those measured outside the classroom was 0.82 (p < 0.001). Regarding ozone, its maximum outdoor concentration was 0.29 ppm and indoor concentrations were on average below 0.06 ppm (maximum = 0.17 ppm). The indoor/outdoor correlation coefficient was 0.72, and for every 1.7 ppm outside, there was 1.0 ppm inside (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Since the highest outdoors O3 concentrations were observed between 11:00 and 14:00 hrs, it is recommendable to have recess before this time.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/análise , Escolas Maternais/normas , México , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Ozônio/análiseRESUMO
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo el determinar la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal en las guarderias de la ciudad de Cochabamba. Entre los resultados mas importantes se tiene que el 57// de los ninos estudiados tienen alguna enteroparasitosis, de este grupo, el 31// lleva Giardia Lamblia, 10// Entamoeba histolitica y 2// Ascaris lumbricoides. La mayor parte de los estudiados presentaron multiparasitos.