RESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of pharmacological accommodation and cycloplegia on ocular measurements. METHODS: Thirty-three healthy subjects [mean (±SD) age, 32.97 (±5.21) years] volunteered to participate in the study. Measurement of the axial length, macular and choroidal thickness, refractive error, and corneal topography, as well as anterior segment imaging, were performed. After these procedures, pharmacological accommodation was induced by applying pilocarpine eye drops (pilocarpine hydrochloride 2%), and the measurements were repeated. The measurements were repeated again after full cycloplegia was induced using cyclopentolate eye drops (cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1%). The correlations between the measurements were evaluated. RESULTS: A significant increase in subfoveal choroidal thickness after applying 2% pilocarpine was identified (without the drops, 319.36 ± 90.08 µm; with pilocarpine instillation, 341.60 ± 99.19 µm; with cyclopentolate instillation, 318.36 ± 103.0 µm; p<0.001). A significant increase in the axial length was also detected (without the drops, 23.26 ± 0.83 mm; with pilocarpine instillation, 23.29 ± 0.84 mm; with cyclopentolate instillation, 23.27 ± 0.84 mm; p=0.003). Comparing pharmacological accommodation and cycloplegia revealed a significant difference in central macular thickness (with pilocarpine instillation, 262.27 ± 19.34 µm; with cyclopentolate instillation, 265.93 ± 17.91 µm; p=0.016). Pilocarpine-related miosis (p<0.001) and myopic shift (p<0.001) were more severe in blue eyes vs. brown eyes. CONCLUSION: Pharmacological accommodation may change ocular measurements, such as choroidal thickness and axial length. This condition should be considered when performing ocular measurements, such as intraocular lens power calculations.
Assuntos
Cor de Olho , Erros de Refração , Acomodação Ocular , Adulto , Ciclopentolato/farmacologia , Olho , Humanos , Midriáticos/farmacologia , Refração Ocular , Erros de Refração/induzido quimicamente , Erros de Refração/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar modificações de acuidade visual, refração, campo visual e diâmetro pupilar, em pacientes pseudofácicos, após a instilação de pilocarpina a 2%. Métodos: Ensaio clínico, controlado, mascarado e randomizado realizado entre maio de 2015 e setembro de 2016 no Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, RJ, Brasil. Quarenta pacientes divididos em 2 grupos foram acompanhados em pós-operatório de facectomia com implante de LIO. No grupo de casos houve aplicação de uma gota de pilocarpina a 2%, no grupo controle, uma gota de lubrificante no olho operado. Foram avaliadas antes e 1 hora após a instilação do colirio: a acuidade visual para longe e perto com e sem correção; a refração; o diâmetro pupilar e o campo visual. Resultados: No grupo de casos, a acuidade visual s/c para longe aumentou de 0,33 para 0,57 (p = 0,0001) e para perto melhorou também, 13 pacientes (59,09%) possuíam acuidade visual de J1 ou J2 antes da instilação e depois o número aumentou para 18 ou 81,81% (p = 0,0054). O diâmetro pupilar reduziu de 2,00mm para 1,85mm (p < 0,0001). Não houve alteração do campo visual central. No grupo controle, não houve variação estatisticamente ou clinicamente significativa de qualquer um dos parâmetros medidos. Conclusão: A administração tópica de uma gota de pilocarpina a 2% melhorou a visão de pacientes pseudofácicos com ametropia residual para longe e para perto. Estudos de dose-efetividade adicionais podem indicar melhores concentrações e posologias para alcançar maiores melhoras de acuidade visual.
Abstract Objective: Evaluate the visual acuity, refraction, visual field changes and pupillary diameter in pseudophakic patients after instillation of 2% pilocarpine eye drops. Methods: Controlled, masked and randomized clinical trial carried out between May, 2015 and September, 2016 at the Gaffrée and Guinle University Hospital, RJ, Brazil. Forty patients, divided into 2 groups, were followed up in the postoperative period of a facectomy with intraocular lens implant. The patients in the group of cases were submitted to a drop of 2% pilocarpine and those of the control group to a drop of lubricant in the operated eye. Before eye drop instillation nd one hour after it, the authors evaluated: visual acuity for distance and near; refraction; pupillary diameter and visual field. Results: In case group visual acuity increased from 0.33 to 0.57 for far (p = 0.0001)and also increased for near, 13 patients (59.09%) had visual acuity of J1 or J2 before instillation and 18 or 81.81% after it (p = 0.0054). The median pupillary diameters raised from 2.00 mms to 1.85 mm(p <0.0001). Central visual fields did not have significant alteration. In the control group, there were no statistically or clinically significant changes in any of the measured parameters. Conclusion: Topical administration of a 2% pilocarpine eye drop was effective to improve pseudophakic patients vision with residual ametropia for far and near. Additional dose-effectiveness studies may indicate better concentrations and dosages to achieve greater improvements in visual acuity.