RESUMO
Citrate is an ubiquitous compound in nature. However, citrate fermentation is present only in a few pathogenic or nonpathogenic microorganisms. The citrate fermentation pathway includes a citrate transporter, a citrate lyase complex, an oxaloacetate decarboxylase and a regulatory system. Enterococcus faecalis is commonly present in the gastro-intestinal microbiota of warm-blooded animals and insect guts. These bacteria can also cause infection and disease in immunocompromised individuals. In the present study, we performed whole genome analysis in Enterococcus strains finding that the complete citrate pathway is present in all of the E. faecalis strains isolated from such diverse habitats as animals, hospitals, water, milk, plants, insects, cheese, etc. These results indicate the importance of this metabolic preservation for persistence and growth of E. faecalis in different niches. We also analyzed the role of citrate metabolism in the E. faecalis pathogenicity. We found that an E. faecalis citrate fermentation-deficient strain was less pathogenic for Galleria mellonella larvae than the wild type. Furthermore, strains with deletions in the oxaloacetate decarboxylase subunits or in the α-acetolactate synthase resulted also less virulent than the wild type strain. We also observed that citrate promoters are induced in blood, urine and also in the hemolymph of G. mellonella. In addition, we showed that citrate fermentation allows E. faecalis to grow better in blood, urine and G. mellonella. The results presented here clearly indicate that citrate fermentation plays an important role in E. faecalis opportunistic pathogenic behavior.
Assuntos
Ácido Cítrico/metabolismo , Enterococcus faecalis/patogenicidade , Fermentação/genética , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas/microbiologia , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Carboxiliases/genética , Carboxiliases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Enterococcus faecalis/genética , Enterococcus faecalis/imunologia , Enterococcus faecalis/metabolismo , Fermentação/imunologia , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/imunologia , Humanos , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/genética , Mariposas/imunologia , Mariposas/microbiologia , Família Multigênica/genética , Infecções Oportunistas/imunologia , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, a capacidade antimicrobiana da N-Acetilcisteína (NAC) e da terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) utilizando LASER diodo (LD) de baixa intensidade, sobre o Enterococcus faecalis, comparados ao uso do hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] como medicação intracanal. Oitenta dentes humanos extraídos tiveram o diâmetro dos canais radiculares padronizados por meio do preparo com lima K#30. As raízes foram contaminadas com E. faecalis por 21 dias e divididas em cinco grupos de acordo com a medicação intracanal e/ou tratamento antimicrobiano a ser utilizada: 1) PDT+NAC; 2) NAC; 3) PDT; 4) Ca(OH)2 e 5) Solução salina. Sendo que 50 dentes foram avaliados por cultura microbiológica (UFC/mL), 10 por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e 20 por microscopia confocal de varredura a LASER (CLSM). Para UFC/mL foram feitas 3 coletas do conteúdo o canal radicular: a) após 21 dias de contaminação (coleta de confirmação - Sc); b) após PBM (S1); c) após 14 dias com as medicações intracanais (S2). UFC/mL não mostrou diferença estatística entre os grupos de PDT+NAC, NAC e Ca(OH)2, porém foram significantemente diferentes dos grupos da PDT, e solução salina. A análise ilustrativa por MEV mostrou resultados semelhantes à análise microbiológica (UFC/mL). No CLSM, todos os grupos avaliados foram efetivos contra E. faecalis, com a diferençando significantemente do grupo controle. Concluímos que NAC pode eliminar E. faecalis com ou sem PDT, sendo considerado como medicação complementar para aplicação clínica(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial capacity of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) e PDT photodynamic therapy using low intensity LASER diode (LD) on Enterococcus faecalis, compared to the use of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, as intracanal medication. Eighty extracted human teeth had their root canal diameters steardized by preparation with K 30 file. The roots were contaminated with E. faecalis for 21 days and divided into five groups according to the intracanal medication and/or antimicrobial treatment to be used. 1) PDT + NAC; 2) NAC; 3) PDT; 4) Ca(OH)2; 5) Saline solution. Fifty teeth were evaluated by microbiological culture (CFU/mL), 10 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 20 by confocal LASER scanning microscopy (CLSM). The root canal was collected 3 times a) after 21 days of contamination (confirmation collection) (Sc); b) after biomechanical preparation S1; c) after 14 days with intracanal medications. CFU/mL showed no statistical difference between the PDT+NAC, NAC e Ca(OH)2 groups, but were significantly different from the PDT groups, and saline. The illustrative SEM analysis showed similar results to the analysis (CFU / mL). In CLSM, all evaluated groups were effective against E. faecalis, with a significant difference with the control group. We conclude that NAC can eliminate E. faecalis with or without PDT, being considered as a complementary medication in clinical practice(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Enterococcus , Enterococcus faecalis/imunologia , Fotoquimioterapia/efeitos adversosRESUMO
A matriz de hidrogel é um biomaterial de nanofibra peptídica tridimensional que induz o crescimento, migração e proliferação celular, assim favorecendo a regeneração tecidual. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a biocompatibilidade e a atividade antimicrobiana da matriz de hidrogel associado ao extrato romã e ao antimicrobiano ciprofloxacino. Para isso, foram realizadas análises microbiológicas sobre Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4083) em cultura planctônica, por meio d ensaio de microdiluição em caldo e em biofilme pelo teste de MTT. Para os ensaios da biocompatibilidade, foi utilizada cultura de macrófagos (RAW 264.7). A citotoxicidade foi avaliada pelo ensaio de MTT e a genotoxicidade foi realizado pelo teste de micronúcleo. A análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey, adotando o nível de significância 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que a matriz de hidrogel associado ao extrato de romã não apresentou atividade antimicrobiana para a cultura planctônica como para o biofilme de E. faecalis. Porém, não foi citotóxico e genotóxico para RAW 264.7. Por outro lado, o antimicrobiano ciprofloxacino apresentou atividade antimicrobiana sobre E. faecalis,além de ter apresentado efeitos citotóxico e genotóxico para os macrófagos. Com isso, foi possível concluir que o extrato de romã associado ou não a matriz de hidrogel apresenta ausência de citotóxico, genotóxico e efeito antimicrobiano
The hydrogel matrix is a three-dimensional peptide nanofiber biomaterial that induces cell growth, migration and proliferation, thus favoring tissue regeneration. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of the hydrogel matrix associated with the pomegranate extract and the antimicrobial ciprofloxacin. For this, microbiological analyzes on Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4083) were carried out in planktonic culture, by means of the microdilution test in broth and in biofilm by the MTT test. For the biocompatibility assays, macrophage culture (RAW 264.7) was used. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT assay and genotoxicity was performed by the micronucleus test. Statistical analysis was performed by the ANOVA and Tukey tests, adopting the significance level 5%. The results showed that the hydrogel matrix associated with the pomegranate extract did not show antimicrobial activity for the planktonic culture as for the E. faecalis biofilm. However, it was not cytotoxic and genotoxic for RAW 264.7. On the other hand, the antimicrobial ciprofloxacin showed antimicrobial activity on E. faecalis, besides having cytotoxic and genotoxic effects for the macrophages. With this, it was possible to conclude that the pomegranate extract associated or not with the hydrogel matrix shows absence of cytotoxic, genotoxic and antimicrobial effect
Assuntos
Humanos , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Células , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/imunologia , Enterococcus faecalis/imunologia , Genotoxicidade/efeitos adversos , Lythraceae/classificaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Enterococcus faecalis is a frequent etiologic agent of invasive infections in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and microbiological features of bacteremia caused by E. faecalis. METHODOLOGY: Between 2011 and 2013, significant bacteremia caused by E. faecalis in hospitalized patients was studied. Patient characteristics, comorbid conditions, and 14-day mortality were recorded. Virulence genes esp, gelE, and cylA; opsonophagocytosis resistance; resistance to bactericidal effect of normal serum; beta lactamase production; and susceptibility to ampicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, gentamicin, and streptomycin were investigated. RESULTS: E. faecalis strains were recovered from 33 bacteremic patients. Polymicrobial bacteremia was diagnosed in 2 patients; 10 patients died. Virulence genes were found in strains from both deceased patients and survivors. Sources of bacteremia included urinary tract infections (36.4%), vascular catheters (15.1%), abscesses (9.1%), and unknown (48.5%). Underlying diseases included cancer (30.3%), diabetes (36.4%), cirrhosis (6.1%), renal (36.4%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2.0%). Co-morbidities included alcohol use (26.1%); glucocorticoid therapy (19.0%); prior antibiotic therapy (60.6%); and central venous (21.2%), arterial (12.1%), and urinary (63.6%) catheters. Also, 57.6% of patients came from the intensive care unit (ICU); 33.3% had mechanical ventilation. Significant mortality-associated conditions included polymicrobial bacteremia, oncological disease, APACHE II score ≤ 20, ICU stay, renal disease, central venous catheter, and mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Outcome of patients was associated with their status and not with the presence of virulence genes in E. faecalis strains. A significant percentage of bacteremia had undetermined origin. An alternate origin may be the gastrointestinal tract, through translocation.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/patologia , Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bacteriemia/mortalidade , Atividade Bactericida do Sangue , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/genética , Enterococcus faecalis/imunologia , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/mortalidade , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fagocitose , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de Virulência/genética , beta-Lactamases/metabolismoRESUMO
Probiotics can modulate the immune system, conferring beneficial effects on the host. Understanding how these microorganisms contribute to improve the health status is still a challenge. Previously, we have demonstrated that Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 implants itself and persists in the murine gastrointestinal tract, and enhances and skews the profile of cytokines towards the Th1 phenotype in several biological models. Given the importance of dendritic cells (DCs) in the orchestration of immunity, the aim of this work was to elucidate the influence of E. faecalis CECT7121 on DCs and the outcome of the immune responses. In this work we show that E. faecalis CECT7121 induces a strong dose-dependent activation of DCs and secretion of high levels of IL-12, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-10. This stimulation is dependent on TLR signaling, and skews the activation of T cells towards the production of IFNγ. The influence of this activation in the establishment of Th responses in vivo shows the accumulation of specific IFNγ-producing cells. Our findings indicate that the activation exerted by E. faecalis CECT7121 on DCs and its consequence on the cellular adaptive immune response may have broad therapeutic implications in immunomodulation.
Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Enterococcus faecalis/imunologia , Imunomodulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunomodulação/imunologia , Interferon gama/imunologia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Trato Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Trato Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Imunidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade/imunologia , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Interleucina-12/imunologia , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Persistent microorganisms such as Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis might be directly related to endodontic treatment failure. The host response to these microorganisms impairs the reestablishment of intraradicular and periradicular health. METHODS: The present investigation evaluated the expression of inflammatory mediators produced by RAW 264.7 cells in the presence of heat-killed antigens (HK) C. albicans and E. faecalis. Cultures of RAW cells were stimulated with both antigens in the presence or absence of recombinant interferon (rIFN)-γ. Parameters of cell viability, production of nitric oxide (NO), as well as the synthesis of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were analyzed. RESULTS: Results demonstrated that cell viability was especially reduced in antigens and rIFN-γ-stimulated groups. Groups stimulated with HK C. albicans upregulated IL-10 production. Otherwise, the addition of rIFN-γ to HK C. albicans upregulated TNF-α and NO production. Groups stimulated with HK E. faecalis upregulated TNF-α production. HK E. faecalis and rIFN-γ upregulated TNF-α and NO synthesis. The production of other cytokines remained unchanged by all stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge regarding the host mechanism of response to microorganisms that perpetuate endodontic infection and the periradicular lesions can contribute to optimization of endodontic therapy. The mentioned inflammatory mediators and virulence factors involved in endodontic failure might guide lesion progression and also be targets in the development of disinfectant and immunomodulatory agents.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/imunologia , Enterococcus faecalis/imunologia , Periodontite Periapical/imunologia , Periodontite Periapical/microbiologia , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Antígenos de Fungos/imunologia , Reabsorção Óssea , Citocinas/biossíntese , Humanos , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of cell wall extract from Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121, measuring the induction of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cell wall extract was prepared from their growth in brain heart infusion broth (18h, 35°C). Subsequently, toxicity of the obtained cell wall extract was tested in Balb-C mice. PBMCs were isolated from buffy coats at the Blood Transfusion Service of Hospital Ramón Santamarina (Tandil, Argentina). PBMCs were purified using standard Ficoll-Paque gradient centrifugation. Aliquots of purified leukocytes were incubated at 37°C for 24h with heat-killed E. faecalis CECT7121 and cell wall extract. Concentrations of IL-6, TNFα, IL-10 and IL-12 (p70) were measured by solid phase sandwich ELISA. Changes in appearance and behavior of mice were evidenced only in the group with the maximal concentration of wall cell extract used (10,000µg). Cell wall extract and heat-killed E. faecalis CECT7121 induced the production of significantly higher amounts of Il-12, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines compared to the nonstimulated PBMCs. These findings provide helpful information on immunomodulation activity by cell wall extract in sight of the application of this compound in controlling certain infectious diseases.
Assuntos
Parede Celular/química , Citocinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/química , Imunomodulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/imunologia , Enterococcus faecalis/imunologia , Humanos , Imunomodulação/imunologia , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Interleucina-12/imunologia , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The intensities and specificities of salivary IgA antibody responses to antigens of Streptococcus mutans, the main pathogen of dental caries, may influence colonization by these organisms during the first 1.5 year of life. Thus, the ontogeny of salivary IgA responses to oral colonizers continues to warrant investigation, especially with regard to the influence of birth conditions, e.g. prematurity, on the ability of children to efficiently respond to oral microorganisms. In this study, we characterised the salivary antibody responses to two bacterial species which are prototypes of pioneer and pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity (Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans, respectively) in fullterm (FT) and preterm (PT) newborn children. METHODS: Salivas from 123 infants (70 FT and 53 PT) were collected during the first 10h after birth and levels of IgA and IgM antibodies and the presence of S. mutans and S. mitis were analysed respectively by ELISA and by chequerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Two subgroups of 24 FT and 24 PT children were compared with respect to patterns of antibody specificities against S. mutans and S. mitis antigens, using Western blot assays. Cross-adsorption of 10 infant's saliva was tested to S. mitis, S. mutans and Enterococcus faecalis antigens. RESULTS: Salivary levels of IgA at birth were 2.5-fold higher in FT than in PT children (Mann-Whitney; P<0.05). Salivary IgA antibodies reactive with several antigens of S. mitis and S. mutans were detected at birth in children with undetectable levels of those bacteria. Adsorption of infant saliva with cells of S. mutans produced a reduction of antibodies recognizing S. mitis antigens in half of the neonates. The diversity and intensity of IgA responses were lower in PT compared to FT children, although those differences were not significant. CONCLUSION: These data provide evidence that children have salivary IgA antibodies shortly after birth, which might influence the establishment of the oral microbiota, and that the levels of salivary antibody might be related to prematurity.
Assuntos
Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/imunologia , Boca/imunologia , Saliva/imunologia , Streptococcus mitis/imunologia , Streptococcus mutans/imunologia , Western Blotting , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Enterococcus faecalis/imunologia , Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/imunologia , Masculino , Leite Humano/imunologia , Boca/química , Boca/microbiologia , Saliva/química , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Streptococcus mitis/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Allergic diseases are featured by an increased production of IgE due to an imbalance in the immune response towards a Th2 profile. In this work, the ability of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 to regulate this Th2-exaggerated response in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergy was studied. METHODS: BALB/c mice intragastrically inoculated with E. faecalis CECT7121 before and during a subcutaneous immunization protocol with OVA were studied in comparison with an immunized control group. The allergen-specific immune response (IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a) was assessed. The proliferative activity of memory splenocytes and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ were also determined. RESULTS: Upon treatment with E. faecalis CECT7121 the following effects were observed: (1) a decrease in specific IgE levels, (2) an increase in anti-OVA IgG2a levels, (3) the levels of anti-OVA IgG and IgG1 remained unaltered, (4) a reduction in the proliferation rate of memory cells, (5) a decrease in the levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, and (6) the secretion of IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ remained unchanged. Moreover, the incubation of human basophils with non-viable E. faecalis CECT7121 together with an allergen preparation induced the release of ß-hexosaminidase at levels that were lower than control reactions and similar i.g. the spontaneous release. CONCLUSIONS: In this model, the i.g. administration of E. faecalis CECT7121 hampers the establishment of the OVA-induced allergic immune response, suggesting that this strain could be useful for the treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Dessensibilização Imunológica , Enterococcus faecalis/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/prevenção & controle , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Animais , Citocinas/biossíntese , Feminino , Imunidade Celular , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Testes CutâneosRESUMO
Através de Testes de diluição em sistema de tubos múltiplos determinou-se in vitro, atividade antibacteriana em inflorescências de Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. - Asteraceae ("macela", "marcela"), expressa como Intensidade de Atividade de Inibição Bacteriana (IINIB/bacteriostasia) e Intensidade de Atividade de Inativação Bacteriana (IINAB/bactericidia), a partir de formas de extração etanólica (hidroalcoolaturas) e hídrica (decoctos), sobre inóculos padronizados de Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) e Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 11076). E. faecalis apresentou a maior sensibilidade, seguido por Staphylococcus aureus, enquanto S. enteritidis e E. coli apresentaram-se mais resistentes. Dentre as formas de extração, a hidroalcoolatura apresentou capacidade de inibição e/ou inativação intensa e seletiva frente aos quatro inóculos bacterianos. Os decoctos mostraram-se completamente ineficazes frente às bactérias Gram-negativas, enquanto que as Gram-positivas apresentaram somente bacteriostasia/inibição.
Dilution test in multiple tube system was used to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity in inflorescences of Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. - Asteraceae ("macela", "marcela"), expressed as intensity of bacterial inhibition activity (IINIB/bacteriostasis) and intensity of bacterial inactivation activity (IINAB/bactericidie), from ethanol (hydroalcoholic) and water (decoction) extraction forms on standardized inocula of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) and Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 11076). E. faecalis had the highest sensitivity, followed by S. aureus, while S. enteritidis and E. coli were more resistant. Of the extraction forms, the hydroalcoholic one showed intense and selective inhibition and/or inactivation capacity against four bacterial inocula. Decoctions were completely ineffective against the Gram-negative bacteria, whereas Gram-positive bacteria showed only bacteriostasis/inhibition.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Achyrocline/imunologia , Flores , Alimentos , Técnicas In Vitro , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Brasil , Enterococcus faecalis/imunologia , Escherichia coli/imunologia , Salmonella enteritidis/imunologia , Staphylococcus aureus/imunologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Fibroblasts are the most abundant cells in dental pulp. To investigate their capacity to produce the chemokines CCL3, CXCL8, and CXCL12 as well as nitric oxide (NO), we evaluated the production of these mediators in supernatants of cultured human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPF) stimulated by heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis (HKEF). METHODS: Primary cultures of HDPF were stimulated with medium alone or HKEF (1:1, 10:1, or 100:1 bacteria:fibroblast) for 1, 6, and 24 hours. Chemokines and NO were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Griess reaction, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by using analysis of variance and Tukey post test. RESULTS: CCL3 was not detected, whereas constitutive CXCL8 was not affected. Production of CXCL12 was increased at 1 and 6 hours, and NO was increased at the concentration of 1:1 bacteria:fibroblast at 24 hours. Viability and proliferation assays did not reveal cell number differences. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that heat-killed E. faecalis is able to increase production of CXCL12 and NO by HDPF.
Assuntos
Quimiocina CXCL12/biossíntese , Polpa Dentária/imunologia , Polpa Dentária/microbiologia , Enterococcus faecalis/química , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Proliferação de Células , Parede Celular/química , Células Cultivadas , Quimiocina CCL3/biossíntese , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Polpa Dentária/metabolismo , Enterococcus faecalis/imunologia , Fibroblastos/imunologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/microbiologia , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Interleucina-8/biossíntese , Regulação para Cima , Fatores de VirulênciaRESUMO
Se evaluaron en forma prospectiva 108 cepas de enterococos (83 E. faecalis, 16 E. faecium, 5 E. avium y 4 E. gallinarum) aisladas de diversas muestras clínicas en la sección de Bacteriología del Laboratorio Metropolitano en el período comprendido entre enero y julio de 1999 con la finalidad de comparar cuatro de los métodos descritos para la detección de resistencia a vancomicina in vitro en este grupo de gérmenes: difusión en disco (DD), E test (AB Biodisk, Solina, Sweden), el sistema automatizado Vitek a través de la tarjeta GPS-102 (bioMérieux, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), tomando como referencia el agar cerebro-corazón con 6 µ/ml de vancomicina (VSA), observándose una correlación del 93,56 por ciento, 100 por ciento y 97,52 por ciento respectivamente. Se recomienda el uso en paralelo de cualquiera de los métodos en conjunto de la VSA para la segura detección de cepas de enterococcos con sensibilidad disminuida a la vancomicina.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Enterococcus faecalis/imunologia , Enterococcus faecium/imunologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/imunologia , Resistência a Vancomicina/imunologia , Bacteriologia , Infectologia , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão/métodosRESUMO
O estudo de autodepuraçäo de um córrego sub-tropical, córrego do Agriäo, afluente do Rio Jacaré-Pepira, S. P., que recebe afluentes de resíduos domésticos e pecuários foi efetuado utilizando-se indicadores biológicos: coliformes totais (CT) e fecais (CF), estreptococos fecais (EF), fungos aquáticos e geofungos. O período de estudo abrangeu duas estiagens e um período de chuvas. Foi observada a influência das condiçöes fisiográficas na auto-depuraçäo do curso d'água. A relaçäo CF/EF possibilitou a caracterizaçäo da origem dos despejos e constatou-se que o número de leveduras, (U.F.C./ml), foi bom indicador de poluiçäo de origem fecal, o que näo ocorreu com bolores aquáticos e terrestres