RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate bacteriological characteristics and shelf life of three formulations of ostrich sausages (linguiças), only differing in lean meat percentage: Formula 1, 100% ostrich meat; Formula 2, 75% ostrich meat + 25% pork; and Formula 3, 50% ostrich meat + 25% pork + 25% chicken. All linguiças were vacuum-packed and stored at 5 ± 2ºC. Mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, sulfite-reducing Clostridia, coagulase-positive Staphylococci, and Escherichia coli were enumerated and Salmonella spp were isolated and identified. Initial mesophilic and psychotropic bacteria counts were high. During storage time, sulfite-reducing Clostridia, coagulase-positive Staphylococci, and Escherichia coli counts never reached the tolerance limit established by the Brazilian legislation. However, Salmonella was isolated from a Formula 2 sample on day 1, therefore, it was considered inappropriate for consumption. The shelf lives of Formulas 1 and 3 were below 12 and 8 days, respectively. If initial bacterial counts had been lower, the shelf life of the evaluated formulas would probably be longer. This study showed that ostrich meat trimmings can be successfully used in the production of ostrich linguiças, and that the formula containing ostrich meat as the only source of lean meat presented the longest shelf life.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate bacteriological characteristics and shelf life of three formulations of ostrich sausages (linguiças), only differing in lean meat percentage: Formula 1, 100% ostrich meat; Formula 2, 75% ostrich meat + 25% pork; and Formula 3, 50% ostrich meat + 25% pork + 25% chicken. All linguiças were vacuum-packed and stored at 5 ± 2ºC. Mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, sulfite-reducing Clostridia, coagulase-positive Staphylococci, and Escherichia coli were enumerated and Salmonella spp were isolated and identified. Initial mesophilic and psychotropic bacteria counts were high. During storage time, sulfite-reducing Clostridia, coagulase-positive Staphylococci, and Escherichia coli counts never reached the tolerance limit established by the Brazilian legislation. However, Salmonella was isolated from a Formula 2 sample on day 1, therefore, it was considered inappropriate for consumption. The shelf lives of Formulas 1 and 3 were below 12 and 8 days, respectively. If initial bacterial counts had been lower, the shelf life of the evaluated formulas would probably be longer. This study showed that ostrich meat trimmings can be successfully used in the production of ostrich linguiças, and that the formula containing ostrich meat as the only source of lean meat presented the longest shelf life.

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RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito da Embalagem em Atmosfera Modificada (EAM) sobre a validade comercialde filé fresco de tilápia nilótica estocada sob refrigeração de 5±1°C. Ao longo de 22 dias de estocagem, realizou-se acontagem de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas, análise de pH e análise sensorial de filés de tilápia submetidosaos tratamentos de ar atmosférico (100%), vácuo, 50/50 CO2/N2 e 100% CO2. Os resultados foram tratados estatisticamenteatravés de análise descritiva simples. As contagens bacterianas dos tratamentos 100% ar, vácuo e 50/50 CO2/N2 chegarama níveis >log 8,0 UFC/g nos dias 6, 16 e 12, respectivamente. No tratamento com EAM 100% CO2 as contagens mantiveramseentre log 2,8-4,1 UFC/g. O pH diminuiu com o tempo de estocagem em todos os tratamentos, estando sempre dentro dospadrões permitidos (d6,5). O atributo cor foi alterado significativamente pelos tratamentos com CO2, sendo que no vácuo acor manteve-se normal por mais tempo. Pôde-se concluir que a EAM com 100%CO2 apresentou melhores resultados noaumento de validade comercial de filés de tilápia estocados a 5°C, mantendo a contagem de mesófilos e valores de pH emníveis aceitáveis durante todo o período de estocagem de 22 dias.(AU)

The aim of the present work was to determine the effect of modified atmosphere packaging on shelf life in tilapia fillet stored at 5.0±1.0°C. The methodology consisted on four treatments of tilapia fillets: atmospheric air (100%), vacuum, 50/50 CO2/N2 and 100% CO2 , stored during 22 days under refrigeration at 5°C. The analyses were: mesophilic aerobic counting, pH and sensorial analysis. Statistical analysis was made by descriptive simple method. The results were: the bacterial counting of the treatments 100% air, vacuum and 50/50 CO2/N2 had arrived the levels >log 8.0 in days 6, 16 and 12, respectively. In tilapias filets with 100% CO2 the microbiological counting had been between log 2.8-4.1 UFC/g). The four treatments presented decreased pH with the time of stockage. The values were d”6.5, that represent acceptable standard. At sensorial analysis all CO2 treatment had significantly changed the fillet tilapia color. At vacuum the color was normal for longer time. The experiment permit conclude that 100%CO2 was the best ones treatment for longer the shelf life of tilapia fillet stored at 5.0°C, with microbiological counting and pH being in acceptable levels during all 22 days of storage.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito da Embalagem em Atmosfera Modificada (EAM) sobre a validade comercialde filé fresco de tilápia nilótica estocada sob refrigeração de 5±1°C. Ao longo de 22 dias de estocagem, realizou-se acontagem de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas, análise de pH e análise sensorial de filés de tilápia submetidosaos tratamentos de ar atmosférico (100%), vácuo, 50/50 CO2/N2 e 100% CO2. Os resultados foram tratados estatisticamenteatravés de análise descritiva simples. As contagens bacterianas dos tratamentos 100% ar, vácuo e 50/50 CO2/N2 chegarama níveis >log 8,0 UFC/g nos dias 6, 16 e 12, respectivamente. No tratamento com EAM 100% CO2 as contagens mantiveramseentre log 2,8-4,1 UFC/g. O pH diminuiu com o tempo de estocagem em todos os tratamentos, estando sempre dentro dospadrões permitidos (d6,5). O atributo cor foi alterado significativamente pelos tratamentos com CO2, sendo que no vácuo acor manteve-se normal por mais tempo. Pôde-se concluir que a EAM com 100%CO2 apresentou melhores resultados noaumento de validade comercial de filés de tilápia estocados a 5°C, mantendo a contagem de mesófilos e valores de pH emníveis aceitáveis durante todo o período de estocagem de 22 dias.

The aim of the present work was to determine the effect of modified atmosphere packaging on shelf life in tilapia fillet stored at 5.0±1.0°C. The methodology consisted on four treatments of tilapia fillets: atmospheric air (100%), vacuum, 50/50 CO2/N2 and 100% CO2 , stored during 22 days under refrigeration at 5°C. The analyses were: mesophilic aerobic counting, pH and sensorial analysis. Statistical analysis was made by descriptive simple method. The results were: the bacterial counting of the treatments 100% air, vacuum and 50/50 CO2/N2 had arrived the levels >log 8.0 in days 6, 16 and 12, respectively. In tilapias filets with 100% CO2 the microbiological counting had been between log 2.8-4.1 UFC/g). The four treatments presented decreased pH with the time of stockage. The values were d”6.5, that represent acceptable standard. At sensorial analysis all CO2 treatment had significantly changed the fillet tilapia color. At vacuum the color was normal for longer time. The experiment permit conclude that 100%CO2 was the best ones treatment for longer the shelf life of tilapia fillet stored at 5.0°C, with microbiological counting and pH being in acceptable levels during all 22 days of storage.

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RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyse 283 samples of soft drinks available in the metropolitan market of Mexico City, Mexico: 105 juices, 101 nectars, 57 carbonated drinks and 20 bottled waters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of the beverages were analysed using an Orion 720A potentiometer and an Orion 9609BN F ion-specific electrode. RESULTS: Fluoride concentration in the above-mentioned products ranged from 0.07 to 1.42 p.p.m. It was found that fluoride concentrations varied according to the brand, flavour and presentation of the product. The highest mean concentration of fluoride was found in the juices and cola drinks (0.67 +/- 0.38 and 0.49 +/- 0.41 p.p.m., respectively). The mean fluoride concentration for carbonated drinks was 0.43 +/- 0.36 p.p.m. Bottled waters had a fluoride concentration of 0.21 +/- 0.08 p.p.m. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that fluoride ingested through bottled drinks represents an important part of the total fluoride ingested by the population. In view of the wide variation of fluoride concentration in the tested products, it is necessary to implement regulatory guidelines for controlling its concentration in order to prevent dental fluorosis.

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