RESUMO
La purificación de lipopolisacáridos (LPS) o endotoxinas y su caracterización es un aspecto esencial para estudios que buscan aclarar el papel de estas biomoléculas de bacterias Gram negativas presentes en la cavidad oral y su relación con enfermedades locales periodontales y sistémicas. Este estudio implementa una metodología para la extracción, purificación y caracterización de LPS a partir de bacteria completa de Eikenella corrodens 23834 y Porphyromonas gingivalis W83, utilizando técnicas previamente descritas. La extracción cruda de LPS se realizó con fenol-agua caliente; la purificación se realizó con tratamiento enzimático con nucleasas y proteasa, seguido de cromatografía de exclusión por tamaño (Sephacryl S-200 HR) con deoxicolato de sodio como fase móvil. La caracterización de los extractos purificados se realizó por barrido espectrofotométrico, pruebas bioquímicas de electroforesis SDS-PAGE, ensayo Purpald y la prueba cromogénica de LAL. Como control para la identificación y caracterización de los extractos purificados se utilizaron LPS comerciales de Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Rodobacter sphaeroides y Porphyromonas gingivalis. La metodología implementada permitió la obtención de LPS de elevada pureza con la identificación de KDO o heptosas, un quimiotipo de LPS-S (liso) para E. corrodens y LPS-SR (semi-rugoso) para P. gingivalis W83. Ambos LPS purificados mostraron capacidad endotóxica a bajas concentraciones. La metodología implementada en este estudio para la purificación y caracterización de LPS a partir de bacteria completa fue eficiente al compararla con los LPS comerciales.
Purification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxins and its characterization is an important aspect for studies aimed at clarify the role of these biomolecules from Gram negative bacteria present in the oral cavity and its relationship with periodontal and systemic diseases. This study describes an extraction, purification and characterization method of LPS from Eikenella corrodens 23834 and Porphyromonas gingivalis W83. LPS extraction was performed by using hot phenol-water; the purification was done with nuclease and protease enzymatic treatment, followed by size-exclusion chromatography (Sephacryl S-200 HR) with sodium deoxycholate as mobile phase. The characterization of the purified extracts was performed by spectrophotometric scanning, SDS-PAGE biochemical tests, Purpald assay and chromogenic LAL test. As control, commercial LPS from Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, P. gingivalis, and Rodobacter sphaeroides were used. The methodology mentioned above had allowed obtaining high purity LPS by identifying KDO or heptoses, a chemotype S-LPS (smooth) to E. corrodens; SR-LPS (semi-rough) for P. gingivalis W83. Both purified LPS showed endotoxic capacity at low concentrations. The methodology used in this study for purification and characterization of LPS from the whole bacteria was efficient when it was compared with commercial LPS.
Assuntos
Cromatografia , Eikenella , Endotoxinas , Lipopolissacarídeos , Periodontite , PorphyromonasRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Inflammatory mediators may negatively affect glycemic control, and increased glucose levels and resultant glycation end-products may alter the host response against bacterial infection. However, no agreement has been reached regarding the effect of DM on periodontal subgingival microbiota. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the subgingival biodiversity in deep periodontal pockets of subjects with chronic periodontitis and either uncontrolled type-2 diabetes or no diabetes using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve subjects with uncontrolled type-2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin > 8%) and eleven nondiabetic subjects presenting severe and generalized chronic periodontitis were selected. Subgingival biofilm from periodontal pockets > 5 mm were assessed using the 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing technique. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in subgingival microbiota between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects presented higher percentages of total clones of TM7, Aggregatibacter, Neisseria, Gemella, Eikenella, Selenomonas, Actinomyces, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Veillonella and Streptococcus genera, and lower percentages of Porphyromonas, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Synergistetes, Tannerella and Treponema genera than nondiabetic individuals (p < 0.05). Moreover, some phylotypes, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonella parvula, V. dispar and Eikenella corrodens were detected significantly more often in diabetic subjects than in nondiabetic subjects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Subjects with uncontrolled type-2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis presented significant dissimilarities in subgingival biodiversity compared with nondiabetic subjects.