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Objective: To analyze the essential aspects that the nursing expert professor identifies, interprets, and organizes during classroom dialogic processes with students to foster their learning. Methods: Qualitative study, part of a multicenter study, which used ethnography of communication specifically from a micro-ethnographic approach. An expert professor from the Faculty of Nursing at a public university in Medellín, Colombia, was selected for the study. The fieldwork was done in three stages: 1:non-participant observations in two in-person classes of the Morphophysiology course recorded on video from two different perspectives (one focusing on the professor and another on the students); 2:think-aloud interviews with the professor and five students (three from the first class and two from the second) who spontaneously started more than two communicative interactions with the professor during the classes; and 3:parallel transcriptions, organized in didactic sequences (videos). The analysis was supported by the unit Student-Professor (identification-evaluation-answer) Student [S-P(i-e-a)S'], and by continuous comparisons of the data. Results: Four categories were identified: 1: Identification of essential aspects: importance of prior knowledge, 2: Interpretation: connection between essential aspects and students' mental processes, 3: Organization of the answer: connection between prior knowledge and new knowledge, and: 4: Synchronization with the learning needs of the students, which were grouped in a meta-category: Prior knowledge of the students: essential aspects for learning. Conclusion: Students' experiential prior knowledge constitutes the essential aspects identified, interpreted, and organized by the expert professor to achieve significant learning.

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OBJECTIVE: To understand whether, from the perspective of coordinators/directors of nursing courses and nurses with skills in the field of disasters, nursing students have the necessary cognitive maturity to articulate the various dimensions inherent to the area of disasters, allowing efficient performance. METHOD: A study with a qualitative methodological approach, based on inductive reasoning and rigorous phenomenon description, based on exploratory research. RESULTS: Given the specificity and complexity of these phenomena, the inclusion of the disaster domain in the teaching-learning process, supporting valid knowledge construction and allowing the development and maturity of nursing students' cognitive processes, is crucial. CONCLUSION: Currently, reduced technical-scientific training in the field of disasters in Portugal constitutes a barrier in the development of nursing students' cognitive maturity, impeding their ability to respond when faced with phenomena of this complexity.

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OBJECTIVE: To discuss remote activities in nursing education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic for strengthening nursing from the perspective of the "Nursing Now" campaign. METHOD: Theoretical-reflective study based on literature and critical analysis. DISCUSSION: Reflection about the measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic and suspend in-person classes, the adoption of alternative forms of teaching, especially online ones, and their repercussions on nursing teaching strategies. There were difficulties regarding the quality of education, unequal access, and lack of knowledge from professors. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The negative impact that emergency distance teaching had on the education of nurses stands out, in contrast to the world movement for the valuing of nurses. The legacy of this crisis must be taken advantage of through the better use of technological resources and their incorporation in teaching, having as a certainty that the distance teaching model does not encompass the totality of nursing education.

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The development of care research and its teaching in the Faculty of Nursing at Universidad de Antioquia cannot be understood outside the context in which it emerges and from the trajectory of its leading players. This is how this article will present a synthesis of the future of research, with its principal milestones and events in institutional history, in dialogue with the trajectories of four teaching nurses, protagonists of key moments in said history and living testimony of 70 years of institutional life. This panorama seeks to constitute a referent for strategic reflection, which inspires new generations to meet the research challenges and teach care research.

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The article presents the trajectory of the study plans that have guided the formation of nursing professionals at Universidad de Antioquia in Medellín (Colombia). It presents the principal milestones or events that at a given moment determined significant ruptures in the formation processes and which show how this Faculty of Nursing, in its 70 years of existence, has always articulated the health needs of the context with the formulation of its study plans, with the sole purpose of forming critical and innovative nursing professionals capable of responding assertively to care needs, according with the principal challenges or trends that condition the health environment.

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OBJECTIVE: to report the experience of developing pedagogical mediations in a Virtual Learning Environment implemented in a nursing faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: an experience report on the construction of a distance course aimed at graduates and residents of a nursing faculty at a public university located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. RESULTS: the course's conception, operationalization and implementation were the result of a collective work that culminated in a non-formal, virtual and problematic teaching process, which reached a participation rate of 82% of enrolled students. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: even in times of social isolation, the course promoted collaborative learning of knowledge about COVID-19 and strengthened the relationship between professors and students. The possibility of carrying out distance activities based on solid methodological proposals that contradict the content logic often observed in distance learning is emphasized.

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BACKGROUND: Transformational leadership is one of the most utilized models of leadership across the disciplines. It can positively impact the leader-follower relationship, performance of the leader, and productivity of the organization. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the project was to assess the impact of an educational session on the recognition and execution of transformational leadership characteristics for nurse leaders and nurse educators. METHODS: An interactive transformational leadership education session aimed to affect the recognition and execution of nurse leaders' and nurse educators' transformational leadership characteristics. RESULTS: A Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test yielded a statistically significant increase in idealized influence (behavior), and an increase in intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation. CONCLUSIONS: This project creates the infrastructure for future ongoing initiatives focusing on the beneficial impact of transformational leadership development for nurse leaders and educators. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: A supportive environment for transformational leadership development may take the institution to the next level regarding engagement, productivity, and performance, all of which are vital to organizational success.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the organization of nursing professors' work and analyze its limiting and facilitating aspects. METHOD: A qualitative and descriptive study composed of professors from the federal public universities of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews. The content analysis technique was used for data processing. RESULTS: Twenty-seven (27) professors participated. Facilitating elements of the teaching work were: work environment; autonomy and flexibility; liking what they do; use of technologies; and solidarity of the professional group; while hindering elements included: high work demand; intense work rhythm; scarcity of material and human resources; and academic competitiveness. CONCLUSION: The configuration of the teaching work organization is complex and multifaceted, presenting high psycho-affective, cognitive and physical demands which enhance illness in these workers.

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Resumo O artigo refletiu sobre a formação em Enfermagem no Brasil a partir da regulamentação do Sistema Único de Saúde numa perspectiva histórica comparada dos processos evolutivos das escolas anglo-americana e francesa, influenciadoras do ensino de Enfermagem no Brasil, bem como o aspecto orientador da formação em Enfermagem para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Neste sentido, são desenvolvidas inciativas de formação em Enfermagem, orientadas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, com vistas a propiciar vivências significativas no cotidiano do Sistema Único de Saúde, assim como o movimento transformador da Educação Permanente em Saúde no contexto do mundo do trabalho. Dessa maneira, a superação dos desafios da formação precisa considerar a trajetória social, política e cultural da profissão, de modo a possibilitar mudanças que impactam nos projetos pedagógicos, na oferta de cursos, nas metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem e no cotidiano do trabalho.

Abstract The paper reflected on the Brazilian Nursing education from the regulation of Unified Health System in a comparative historical perspective of the evolutionary processes of the Anglo-American and French schools, influencing Brazilian nursing education, as well as the guiding aspect of nursing education for the Unified Health System. Thus, nursing training initiatives guided by the National Curriculum Guidelines are developed to provide meaningful experiences in the Unified Health System's daily routine, as well as the transforming movement of Permanent Health Education in the context of the world of work. Therefore, overcoming training challenges must consider the social, political, and cultural path of the profession in order to allow changes that affect pedagogical projects, course offerings, teaching-learning methodologies, and daily work.

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Resumo A identificação do atual perfil de formação profissional de auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem (A&TE) se torna elemento central na compreensão da dinâmica da qualificação desses trabalhadores em diferentes Estados, com o objetivo de revelar tanto a existência de tendências para sub e sobrequalificação, quanto a participação do setor público na oferta e expansão dos cursos de enfermagem no país. O artigo explora três aspectos relevantes da formação profissional a partir dos resultados encontrados na pesquisa "Perfil da Enfermagem no Brasil (FIOCRUZ/COFEN)": o nível de escolaridade/qualificação; a distribuição geográfica e a participação governamental na consolidação do quadro atual. Trata-se de um estudo analítico baseado na interpretação de indicadores definidos pelo Coeficiente de Assimetria de Pearson. O estudo utiliza o banco de dados gerado pela pesquisa, além de dados do MEC/Inep e do IBGE. Os resultados alcançados estabelecem relações entre as características de formação, distribuição de A&TE em todos os estados brasileiros com o fenômeno da superqualificação, além de evidenciar um aparente descolamento da Rede Federal de Educação com a real demanda por técnicos de enfermagem no país.

Abstract The identification of the current vocational training profile of nursing aides and technicians becomes a central element in understanding the dynamics of their qualification in several states, aiming to expose both the existence of trends for under- and overqualification and the participation of the public sector in the offer and expansion of nursing courses in the country. The article explores three relevant aspects of vocational training based on the results found in the research "Nursing Profile in Brazil (FIOCRUZ/COFEN)": the level of schooling/qualification; the geographical distribution and the governmental participation in the consolidation of the current situation. This is an analytical study based on the interpretation of indicators identified by Pearson's Asymmetry Coefficient. The study uses the database generated by the research, as well as data from MEC/Inep and IBGE. The achieved results establish relations between the characteristics of training, distribution of NA&T in all Brazilian states with the phenomenon of overqualification, besides revealing an apparent separation of the Federal Education Network from the actual demand for nursing technicians in the country.

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Resumo A formação do enfermeiro no Brasil, ainda se apresenta como um desafio para as universidades, face as diversidades étnicas e as particularidades regionais existentes. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar os desafios no processo de formação de enfermeiros indígenas em Mato Grosso, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo exploratório e qualitativo, junto a 11 enfermeiros indígenas. A análise dos dados, baseou-se na interculturalidade de Paulo Freire. Verificou-se que todos participantes, buscam a integração dos saberes tradicionais indígenas com os conhecimentos técnico científicos, durante suas práticas, o que facilita a interação satisfatória com a comunidade. Durante a graduação de Enfermagem tiveram pouco ou nenhum contato com conteúdos relacionados à saúde indígena e ao término da formação vislumbravam despreparo para atender as variadas demandas em saúde. Historicamente, apresentam-se subalternizados em relação aos não indígenas, o que reflete em desvantagens no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, tanto relacionados aos aspectos técnicos/tecnológicos como sociais.

Abstract The training of nurses in Brazil remain a challenge for the university, given the existing ethnic diversity and regional particularities. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the challenges in the training process of indigenous nurses in Mato Grosso, Brazil. It is an exploratory and qualitative study, carried out with 11 indigenous nurses. Data analysis was based on Paulo Freire's interculturality. It was verified that both participants sought the integration of indigenous traditional knowledge with scientific technical knowledge during their practices, which facilitates a satisfactory interaction with the community. During nursing undergraduate school, they had little or no contact with contents related to indigenous health and at the end of the training they observed they were not prepared to meet the diverse health demands. Historically, they are subordinated in relation to non-indigenous people, which manifests as disadvantages in the teaching-learning process, related to technical / technological as well as social aspects.

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Resumo O artigo discorre sobre a formação profissional do enfermeiro, implicações da expansão das Instituições de Ensino Superior e a distribuição dessas no Brasil. Considera os resultados da Pesquisa Perfil da Enfermagem no Brasil, realizada com 35.916 profissionais de Enfermagem, em 2013. A análise que caracteriza a trajetória da graduação em enfermagem neste artigo, estrutura-se em três dimensões: a expansão da formação do enfermeiro na graduação e pós-graduação; o boom de escolas de enfermagem e a relação público x privado; e, a distribuição territorial do profissional enfermeiro no Brasil. O crescimento de Instituições de Ensino em Enfermagem implica em uma formação exponencial, com predomínio de escolas privadas na graduação e na pós-graduação; os cursos buscam alinhar-se às mudanças na saúde e sociedade, mas urge equalizar as assimetrias territoriais entre as instituições formadoras na graduação e pós-graduação, a superconcentração e vazios assistenciais decorrentes da insuficiência de enfermeiros por habitantes, bem como qualificar o enfermeiro para o exercício profissional ante as transformações globais.

Abstract The article discusses the professional formation of nurses, implications of the increase in the number of Higher Education Institutions and their distribution in Brazil. It considers the results of the Nursing Profile Survey in Brazil, carried out with 35,916 nursing professionals, in 2013. The analysis that characterizes the trajectory of undergraduate nursing in this article is structured in three dimensions: the increase in the number of undergraduate and postgraduate nursing education institutions; the boom in nursing schools and the public vs. private relationship; and the territorial distribution of the registered nurse in Brazil. The increase in the number of Nursing Education Institutions implies an exponential formation, with a predominance of private schools in undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The courses seek to align themselves with changes in health and society, but it is crucial to equalize the territorial asymmetries between the undergraduate and graduate training institutions, the overconcentration and care gaps resulting from the insufficiency of nurses per inhabitant, as well as to qualify the nurses for the exercise of their professional activities in the face of global changes.

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Resumo O artigo apresenta uma metodologia de formação profissional em enfermagem obstétrica (EO) na perspectiva de avançar para além da apropriação de competências específicas e contribuir com a mudança de modelo de atenção ao parto e nascimento, conforme proposto pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Estudo que parte das lacunas do modelo atual e de cursos recentes para incentivo à inserção da EO na ótica do trabalho em equipe. Nesse contexto apresenta um caminho metodológico de formação-intervenção-avaliação, com eixos diretivos de uma prática avaliativa indissociada da formação, alinhando conceitos que sustentam a proposta nos moldes de pesquisa-intervenção. Nesse caminho triangulam-se estratégias, técnicas e instrumentos, articulados a dimensões de análise do trabalho na atenção obstetriconeonatal. A metodologia foi desenvolvida tendo por campo cursos multicêntricos de EO coordenados pela UFMG entre 2016 e 2018, abrangendo: 20 cursos descentralizados nos estados, 1.150 profissionais (alunos e agentes envolvidos na condução), 400 serviços (campos de práticas). Conclui-se a apresentação metodológica com os principais rumos de efeitos das experiências, afirmando-se a produção e qualificação de redes de enfermeiros para a assistência e interferência no modelo de cuidado ao parto e nascimento.

Abstract This article presents a methodology for professional training in obstetrics nursing (ON) that goes beyond teaching specific competencies and contributes to the change in the model of childbirth care as proposed by Brazilian Unified Health System. This methodology addresses gaps and challenges in the current ON model and it builds on existing initiatives for the inclusion of ON in the teamwork environment. The training-intervention-evaluation method proposes the inclusion of evaluation as part of the training, which is in line with methods for intervention research. A triangulation of strategies, techniques, and instruments is conducted articulated to analytical dimensions of obstetric and neonatal care. This methodology was implemented in multicentric ON courses coordinated by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) between 2016 and 2018. A total of 20 ON courses across states, 1,150 professionals (students, faculty, coordinators, preceptors, and supervisors), and 400 health services (internship fields and teaching hospitals) participated in the process. In conclusion, based on the experiences of those participating in this project, the implementation of this methodology produced nurses more qualified and better prepared for practice and for adapting the model of childbirth care.

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ABSTRACT: In this article, a nurse educator argues that the COVID-19 pandemic provides educators with an opportunity to refocus and include some essential concepts and hard lessons learned from the pandemic into their teachings.

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The article discusses the professional formation of nurses, implications of the increase in the number of Higher Education Institutions and their distribution in Brazil. It considers the results of the Nursing Profile Survey in Brazil, carried out with 35,916 nursing professionals, in 2013. The analysis that characterizes the trajectory of undergraduate nursing in this article is structured in three dimensions: the increase in the number of undergraduate and postgraduate nursing education institutions; the boom in nursing schools and the public vs. private relationship; and the territorial distribution of the registered nurse in Brazil. The increase in the number of Nursing Education Institutions implies an exponential formation, with a predominance of private schools in undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The courses seek to align themselves with changes in health and society, but it is crucial to equalize the territorial asymmetries between the undergraduate and graduate training institutions, the overconcentration and care gaps resulting from the insufficiency of nurses per inhabitant, as well as to qualify the nurses for the exercise of their professional activities in the face of global changes.

O artigo discorre sobre a formação profissional do enfermeiro, implicações da expansão das Instituições de Ensino Superior e a distribuição dessas no Brasil. Considera os resultados da Pesquisa Perfil da Enfermagem no Brasil, realizada com 35.916 profissionais de Enfermagem, em 2013. A análise que caracteriza a trajetória da graduação em enfermagem neste artigo, estrutura-se em três dimensões: a expansão da formação do enfermeiro na graduação e pós-graduação; o boom de escolas de enfermagem e a relação público x privado; e, a distribuição territorial do profissional enfermeiro no Brasil. O crescimento de Instituições de Ensino em Enfermagem implica em uma formação exponencial, com predomínio de escolas privadas na graduação e na pós-graduação; os cursos buscam alinhar-se às mudanças na saúde e sociedade, mas urge equalizar as assimetrias territoriais entre as instituições formadoras na graduação e pós-graduação, a superconcentração e vazios assistenciais decorrentes da insuficiência de enfermeiros por habitantes, bem como qualificar o enfermeiro para o exercício profissional ante as transformações globais.

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The paper reflected on the Brazilian Nursing education from the regulation of Unified Health System in a comparative historical perspective of the evolutionary processes of the Anglo-American and French schools, influencing Brazilian nursing education, as well as the guiding aspect of nursing education for the Unified Health System. Thus, nursing training initiatives guided by the National Curriculum Guidelines are developed to provide meaningful experiences in the Unified Health System's daily routine, as well as the transforming movement of Permanent Health Education in the context of the world of work. Therefore, overcoming training challenges must consider the social, political, and cultural path of the profession in order to allow changes that affect pedagogical projects, course offerings, teaching-learning methodologies, and daily work.

O artigo refletiu sobre a formação em Enfermagem no Brasil a partir da regulamentação do Sistema Único de Saúde numa perspectiva histórica comparada dos processos evolutivos das escolas anglo-americana e francesa, influenciadoras do ensino de Enfermagem no Brasil, bem como o aspecto orientador da formação em Enfermagem para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Neste sentido, são desenvolvidas inciativas de formação em Enfermagem, orientadas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, com vistas a propiciar vivências significativas no cotidiano do Sistema Único de Saúde, assim como o movimento transformador da Educação Permanente em Saúde no contexto do mundo do trabalho. Dessa maneira, a superação dos desafios da formação precisa considerar a trajetória social, política e cultural da profissão, de modo a possibilitar mudanças que impactam nos projetos pedagógicos, na oferta de cursos, nas metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem e no cotidiano do trabalho.

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The training of nurses in Brazil remain a challenge for the university, given the existing ethnic diversity and regional particularities. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the challenges in the training process of indigenous nurses in Mato Grosso, Brazil. It is an exploratory and qualitative study, carried out with 11 indigenous nurses. Data analysis was based on Paulo Freire's interculturality. It was verified that both participants sought the integration of indigenous traditional knowledge with scientific technical knowledge during their practices, which facilitates a satisfactory interaction with the community. During nursing undergraduate school, they had little or no contact with contents related to indigenous health and at the end of the training they observed they were not prepared to meet the diverse health demands. Historically, they are subordinated in relation to non-indigenous people, which manifests as disadvantages in the teaching-learning process, related to technical / technological as well as social aspects.

A formação do enfermeiro no Brasil, ainda se apresenta como um desafio para as universidades, face as diversidades étnicas e as particularidades regionais existentes. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar os desafios no processo de formação de enfermeiros indígenas em Mato Grosso, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo exploratório e qualitativo, junto a 11 enfermeiros indígenas. A análise dos dados, baseou-se na interculturalidade de Paulo Freire. Verificou-se que todos participantes, buscam a integração dos saberes tradicionais indígenas com os conhecimentos técnico científicos, durante suas práticas, o que facilita a interação satisfatória com a comunidade. Durante a graduação de Enfermagem tiveram pouco ou nenhum contato com conteúdos relacionados à saúde indígena e ao término da formação vislumbravam despreparo para atender as variadas demandas em saúde. Historicamente, apresentam-se subalternizados em relação aos não indígenas, o que reflete em desvantagens no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, tanto relacionados aos aspectos técnicos/tecnológicos como sociais.

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The identification of the current vocational training profile of nursing aides and technicians becomes a central element in understanding the dynamics of their qualification in several states, aiming to expose both the existence of trends for under- and overqualification and the participation of the public sector in the offer and expansion of nursing courses in the country. The article explores three relevant aspects of vocational training based on the results found in the research "Nursing Profile in Brazil (FIOCRUZ/COFEN)": the level of schooling/qualification; the geographical distribution and the governmental participation in the consolidation of the current situation. This is an analytical study based on the interpretation of indicators identified by Pearson's Asymmetry Coefficient. The study uses the database generated by the research, as well as data from MEC/Inep and IBGE. The achieved results establish relations between the characteristics of training, distribution of NA&T in all Brazilian states with the phenomenon of overqualification, besides revealing an apparent separation of the Federal Education Network from the actual demand for nursing technicians in the country.

A identificação do atual perfil de formação profissional de auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem (A&TE) se torna elemento central na compreensão da dinâmica da qualificação desses trabalhadores em diferentes Estados, com o objetivo de revelar tanto a existência de tendências para sub e sobrequalificação, quanto a participação do setor público na oferta e expansão dos cursos de enfermagem no país. O artigo explora três aspectos relevantes da formação profissional a partir dos resultados encontrados na pesquisa "Perfil da Enfermagem no Brasil (FIOCRUZ/COFEN)": o nível de escolaridade/qualificação; a distribuição geográfica e a participação governamental na consolidação do quadro atual. Trata-se de um estudo analítico baseado na interpretação de indicadores definidos pelo Coeficiente de Assimetria de Pearson. O estudo utiliza o banco de dados gerado pela pesquisa, além de dados do MEC/Inep e do IBGE. Os resultados alcançados estabelecem relações entre as características de formação, distribuição de A&TE em todos os estados brasileiros com o fenômeno da superqualificação, além de evidenciar um aparente descolamento da Rede Federal de Educação com a real demanda por técnicos de enfermagem no país.

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