RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics, upon presentation, of a cohort of Hispanic patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of Hispanic patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy of was performed. The demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: Nine patients who met the research criteria for a diagnosis of birdshot retinochoroidopathy were identified and included in the analysis, all of whom were HLA-A29 positive. The median age of the cohort upon presentation was 52 years; 89% of the patients were female, and all were Hispanics. Ninety-four percent of the eyes had an initial visual acuity of 20/50 or better, while 72% had measured 20/25 or better. Sixty-one percent of the eyes had retinal vasculitis, which was bilateral in 83% of the cases. Thirty-three percent of the patients had, upon presentation, evidence of cystoid macular edema, which was always bilateral. All the eyes had the typical birdshot lesions, at presentation. CONCLUSION: Birdshot retinochoroidopathy can be found in Hispanic patients. Our study suggests that the characteristics upon presentation in Hispanics may be similar to those of Caucasian cohorts.
Assuntos
Coriorretinopatia de Birdshot/diagnóstico , Hispânico ou Latino , Adulto , Coriorretinopatia de Birdshot/etnologia , Coriorretinopatia de Birdshot/imunologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Fundo de Olho , Antígenos HLA-A , Humanos , Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Edema Macular/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Porto Rico , Vasculite Retiniana/diagnóstico , Vasculite Retiniana/etnologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Avaliação de Sintomas , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the 9-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a population with the same ancestry as African Americans. METHODS: Participants with diabetes mellitus and gradable photographs at the 9-year examination were evaluated (n = 436). The incidences of minimum/moderate/severe DR, clinically significant macular edema (CSME), and sight-threatening DR (severe DR plus CSME) were defined by the development of specific diabetic changes in persons without those conditions at baseline. Progression was defined as the development of severe/proliferative DR in persons with minimum/moderate DR at baseline. RESULTS: The 9-year DR incidence was 39.6% (38.0% for minimum, 9.0% for moderate, and 2.6% for severe/proliferative DR). Incidence tended to increase with diabetes duration and treatment. Of persons with preexisting DR at baseline, 8.2% progressed to proliferative DR. The CSME incidence was 8.7%, and it increased with diabetes duration, accounting for most of the overall incidence of sight-threatening DR. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides new data on long-term incidence among persons of African origin. Results suggest a possible lower risk of severe/proliferative DR than in whites, while CSME incidence seems comparable or higher. The main component of sight-threatening DR was CSME, highlighting the importance of DR as a cause of vision loss in this population.
Assuntos
População Negra/estatística & dados numéricos , Retinopatia Diabética/etnologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Barbados/epidemiologia , Retinopatia Diabética/fisiopatologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Edema Macular/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between APOE polymorphism and the severity of retinal hard exudates in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We studied 36 patients with diabetic retinopathy and 22 unrelated and apparently healthy age-matched individuals. Blood samples for DNA genotyping and lipid profile were taken. Genotyping of polymorphic APOE alleles was done after polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA, digestion with HhaI, and agarose gel electrophoresis. Stereoscopic 35 degrees color fundus photographs were taken of seven standard fields. Diabetic retinopathy, macular edema and hard exudates were graded according to a standardized procedure. RESULTS: The results showed that the lipid profile was higher but not statistically significant (p > 0.05) in e4 allele carriers, with the exception of total lipids (p > 0.05). The frequency of severe retinal hard exudates was higher in those epsilon4 allele carriers (p < 0.05). The higher frequency of visual impairment (VA < 0.5 Log MAR) in epsilon4 carriers showed a tendency towards statistical significance (p = 0.057). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the epsilon4 allele of the ApoE gene is a potential risk factor for the severity of retinal hard exudates and visual loss in type 2 diabetic Mexican patients with diabetic retinopathy.