RESUMO
El estudio de la anatomía humana como asignatura básica tiene el desafío de promover el desarrollo de competencias genéricas en los estudiantes. Tal es el caso del trabajo colaborativo, trascendental en el trabajo en salud. Así, aparece aula invertida cuyo esquema desarrolla actividades de trabajo en equipo. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de aula invertida sobre el trabajo colaborativo en la enseñanza de la anatomía. Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, no experimental que involucró la implementación de aula invertida en un curso de Terapia Ocupacional de 2023. A partir de 5 sesiones planificadas se desarrollaron trabajos en 6 grupos; incluyeron síntesis de contenido y casos clínicos. Al cerrar el semestre se determinó un promedio de calificaciones (PC), junto a una autoevaluación (AE) y coevaluación (CE) que midió trabajo colaborativo mediante 3 subcompetencias (SC1-SC3) (escala 1,0 a 7,0). Se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas para determinar diferencias entre de SC1-SC3 según AE y CE, por grupos y si existe relación con PC. La prueba de U de Mann Whitney no arrojó diferencias entre AE y CE. La prueba de Friedman no evidenció diferencias entre SC1-SC3. La prueba H de Kruskal-Wallis halló diferencias de las subcompetencias según grupos; SC1 podrían influir en el PC, SC2 registra diferencias en el grupo G1 y G5, y "gestión de conflictos" (SC3) no difiere de forma destacada entre los grupos. La correlación de Spearman presenta una asociación positiva débil entre las subcompetencias y PC, aunque el valor-p no fue significativo. Es sumamente necesario potenciar el trabajo colaborativo en el inicio del pregrado. Anatomía humana, en este contexto, tiene la oportunidad de promover su desarrollo. Ello puede generarse en el marco de aula invertida, cuyo esquema promueve actividades de trabajo colaborativo, y como es sabido, en el rendimiento académico.
SUMMARY: As a basic subject, the study of human anatomy challenges the development of generic skills in students. Such is the case of collaborative work which is transcendental in the areas of healthcare work. Consequently, an inverted classroom is developed wherein teamwork activities are developed. The objective of this work is to analyze the impact of the flipped classroom on collaborative work in teaching anatomy. A quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental study that involved the implementation of a flipped classroom in an Occupational Therapy course in 2023 was applied. From 5 planned sessions, work was developed in 6 groups; they included content synthesis and clinical cases. At the end of the semester, a grade average (GA) was determined, along with a self-assessment (SA) and co-assessment (CA) measuring collaborative work through 3 sub competences (SC1-SC3) (scale 1.0 to 7.0). Statistical tests were applied to determine differences between SC1-SC3 according to SA and CA, by groups and if there is a relationship with GA. The Mann Whitney U test did not show differences between SA and CA. The Friedman test did not show differences between SC1-SC3. The Kruskal-Wallis H test found differences in sub competences according to groups; SC1 could influence GA, SC2 records differences in group G1 and G5, and "conflict management" (SC3) does not differ significantly between the groups. The Spearman correlation presented a weak positive association between the sub competences and GA, although the p-value was not significant. It is extremely necessary to promote collaborative work at the beginning of the undergraduate degree. In this context, human anatomy is an opportunity to promote its development. This can be generated within the framework of the inverted classroom promoting collaborative work activities, and academic performance as well.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas , Comportamento Cooperativo , Anatomia/educação , Estudantes , Estudos Transversais , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar las conductas sexuales protectoras en estudiantes de una universidad de Chillán, Chile. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo con un muestreo probabilístico por conveniencia de 234 estudiantes universitarios, para los criterios de inclusión destaca haber iniciado actividad sexual. La recolección de datos fue a través de Google forms. El instrumento utilizado fue "Cuestionario de conducta sexual segura". Resultados: Del total de los alumnos encuestados el 64,1 % son mujeres. En cuanto al estado civil, el 93,5 % se identifica soltero. Solo el 47,4 % detiene la actividad sexual para utilizar condón. El 80,8 % evita relaciones sexuales en la primera cita, un 81,6 % nunca tienen relaciones anales sin condón, y el 99,6 % nunca ha tenido sexo con personas que utilizan drogas. Se encontró que la media para conducta sexual protectora es de 70,2 %. Conclusión: Los encuestados presentan conductas sexuales protectoras(AU)
Objective: To determine protective sexual behaviors in students at a university in Chillán, Chile. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive study with a probability sampling by convenience of 234 university students, for the inclusion criteria it stands out to have initiated sexual activity. Data collection was through Google form. The instrument used was the "Safe sexual behavior questionnaire". Results: Of the total students surveyed, 64.1% are women. Regarding marital status, 93.5% identify themselves as single. Only 47.4% stop sexual activity to use a condom. 80.8% avoid sexual relations on the first date, 81.6% never have anal relations without a condom, and 99.6% have never had sex with people who use drugs. It was found that the mean for protective sexual behavior is 70.2 %. Conclusion: The respondents present protective sexual behaviors(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Comportamento Sexual , Estudantes , Universidades , Preservativos , Educação Sexual , Coito , ComunicaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the cardiovascular risk and physical fitness, according to type of school in a national sample of Chilean school students. METHODS: A total of 7,218 students participated, who completed all the national tests of the National System for Measuring the Quality of Education, which included physical fitness and anthropometric tests. The results were compared according to the type of educational establishment and anthropometric indicators were considered. Physical fitness was measured by lower extremity strength, abdominal strength, upper extremity strength, trunk flexibility, exertional heart rate, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Body mass index, heart rate, and waist-to-height ratio were analyzed as predictors of cardiovascular risk. RESULTS: There were differences according to the type of establishment in the predictors of cardiovascular risk (p < 0.05). Differences were also found in the physical fitness tests evaluated (p < 0.01). Students in private schools (PSC) and subsidized schools (SC) had lower levels of cardiovascular risk and higher levels of physical fitness than public schools (PS) and schools with delegated administration (DA). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, students in educational establishments with a higher socioeconomic level have lower levels of cardiovascular risk and better physical fitness than students in public establishments. The authors suggest considering specific school interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk and improve physical fitness among this vulnerable population. To this end, future studies should analyze the characteristics of physical activity and nutritional habits in schools to determine the factors that affect the results.
Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Humanos , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Adolescente , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , AntropometriaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and their relationship with different grades of cytological lesions in female students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the National University of Chimborazo. Material and Methods: The research had a quantitative and descriptive approach, with a comparative analysis of HPV genotypes and cytological lesions in students of the Faculty of Health Sciences. It is an experimental and field study, cross-sectional and retrospective, conducted from November 2023 to March 2024. Thirty students were selected by quota sampling, analyzing conventional cytology and data using SPSS 26. The results showed that 75.8% of the samples had Bethesda Negative results, whereas 24.2% had some degree of cytological lesion (ASC-US 13.7%, L-SIL 8.1%, H-SIL 1.6%, and ASC-H 0.8%). Genotyping showed the high prevalence of HPV, with HPV 18 and 33 being the most common high-risk genotypes. The most common low-risk indicators were HPV 43 and 42. Conclusions: The study confirmed the high prevalence of HPV among female university students and established a significant correlation between high-risk genotypes and the presence of more severe cytological lesions. These findings underscore the need for interventions aimed at prevention and early treatment of HPV, especially in high-risk populations.
Assuntos
Genótipo , Papillomaviridae , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Universidades , Estudos Transversais , Adulto Jovem , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Prevalência , Adolescente , Esfregaço Vaginal , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
The condom use can be influenced by psychological and sociocultural aspects, which can be modulated by individual's attitudes. The aim was to propose a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale (Short-Form CAS), describing all procedures of translation, transcultural adaptation, and psychometric properties evaluation when applied to undergraduate students. A cross sectional study was conducted among students enrolled at University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Ribeirão Preto (n = 491; 61.2% female; average age: 22 years; standard deviation: four years). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. A one-factor model with seven items exhibited good factorial validity and reliability, suggesting to be a better factorial solution of the Short-Form CAS in the sample. Few studies have been carried out on the behavioral factors associated with condom use in key populations, which can be exacerbated by a lack of appropriate scales. Therefore, the main contribution of the present study was to propose a simplified and transculturally adapted version of the Short-form CAS with some psychometric properties verified. Since the use of condoms is a component of the study of sexual risk behavior, this scale might be an option to be applied in various Brazilian population segments for this purpose.
Assuntos
Preservativos , Psicometria , Estudantes , Traduções , Humanos , Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Brasil , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Universidades , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Análise Fatorial , Comportamento Sexual , Assunção de RiscosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite evidence suggesting a relationship between religiosity and health habits, there is a paucity of studies specifically examining this association in the context of Peruvian university students. This study compared body mass index (BMI), adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and breakfast consumption in Peruvian university students of four religious denominations: Seventh Day Adventists (SDA), Catholics, Baptists, and Evangelicals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted online among 4557 students from a Peruvian university. The BMI and the frequency of breakfast consumption were evaluated, and the Diet and Healthy Lifestyle Scale (DEVS) was applied. The variables studied were associated using simple and multiple linear regression and Poisson models with robust variance. RESULTS: Baptist (B = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.10-0.78; p = 0.011), Catholic (B = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.12-0.47; p = 0.001), and Evangelical (B = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.64; p = 0.014) students had a significantly higher BMI compared to SDA. Baptist (B = -0.2, 95% CI: -0.37--0.05; p = 0.017) and Evangelical (B = -0.13, 95% CI: -0.28--0.03; p = 0.012) students exhibited a lower mean score on the measure of healthy lifestyles compared to SDA students. Additionally, Baptist (PR = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.92--0.12; p = 0.035) and Catholic (PR = -0.3, 95% CI: -0.99--0.19; p = 0.016) students exhibited a lower probability of eating breakfast regularly compared to SDA students. CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals should consider these findings when designing and implementing health promotion programs that are culturally sensitive and respectful of the beliefs and practices of all religious groups in university settings.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Desjejum , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Religião , Estudantes , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/psicologia , Universidades , Peru , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Adolescente , Comportamentos Relacionados com a SaúdeRESUMO
PURPOSE: to analyze the knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes of students on noise. METHODS: We used an observational method study, in 32 Schools from Itajaí/Brazil, with a convenience sample, comprising 1,835 students, 45.7% females and 54.3% males, mean age of 11.53 ± 0.8 years, was conducted. The Portuguese version of Dangerous Decibels® questionnaire was applied. For the data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used, significance level of 5%. RESULTS: A large part of the sample part of the sample had harmful hearing habits; 62.6% reported knowledge on the subject, but only 25.4% answered the questions on the theme correctly; 58.9% reported that they did not know how to protect hearing if necessary. Regarding sex and age: males have more hazardous hearing habits (p < 0.001) and tinnitus complaint (p<0.001) and females have more knowledge (p < 0.001) and the intent to wear hearing protection (p<0.001), greater intention to wear hearing protection among younger students (10 and 11 years old) (p < 0.001), and the older ones (12 to 16 years old) get more exposed to noise (p < 0.001), and there are more tinnitus complaints (p < 0.05) among them. CONCLUSION: A large part of the students in the study has hazardous noisy habits and scarce knowledge on the theme, with males and older subjects showing the worst attitudes and behaviors in face of the potential hearing risk caused by exposure to high noise levels.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído , Estudantes , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/prevenção & controle , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/etiologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ruído/efeitos adversos , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudos Transversais , Dispositivos de Proteção das Orelhas , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: To date, there are no sufficient studies aimed to determine a correlation between personal, academic, and psychological variables with academic achievement, measured with the grade point average (GPA) and intelligence in university students according to each sex. STUDY AIM: To determine the correlation between studying strategies, personal and psychological factors with GPA and intelligence in a sample of health sciences university students. METHODS: Health Sciences university students, were invited to participate, those who accepted were cited in a computer room where they signed an informed consent and filled an electronic questionnaire with sociodemographic, behavioral, psychological variables and studying strategies (from the MLSQ instrument) afterwards they performed a verbal and non-verbal intelligence test (Shipley-2). RESULTS: A total of 439 students were included, from which 297 (67.7%) were women. The mean of age was 20.34 ± 2.61 years old. We found that no differences in GPA where observed between sexes. We detected a higher correlation between combined intelligence and GPA in women than in men. In addition, most studying strategies showed a higher correlation with GPA than intelligence scores in men´s sample. All these findings coincide with the fact that preparatory GPA was the most correlated variable with university GPA in both sexes. Finally, women showed higher levels of the sum of diseases, somatization, anxiety, depression and academic stress than men, and all these variables showed low significant correlations with the combined intelligence score only in women´s sample. CONCLUSION: Verbal and non-verbal intelligence scores show a lower association to GPA in men than in women, while studying strategies showed a higher association with GPA in men than in women.
Assuntos
Sucesso Acadêmico , Inteligência , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Adulto Jovem , Universidades , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologiaRESUMO
Ethnobotany approached through ethnoeducation allows for the preservation of the cultural heritage of indigenous communities. In this way, the ethnobotanical knowledge of primary school students from the Paniquita Indigenous Community was recognized, regarding the cultural knowledge of medicinal plants and their significance in the conservation of the biocultural heritage. This research had a qualitative, ethnographic approach. The sample consisted of ten students who were part of a focus group, ethnobotanical walks, and participatory workshops with drawings since they stimulate students' creative and dynamic thinking and strengthen interculturality. Twenty-one plants were reported, which are used to relieve sore throats, headaches, and stomach aches, as well as to treat diarrhea and fever, to prevent flu, and as a purgative. All the medicinal plants mentioned grow in the community and are either cultivated or wild, which also shows the students' knowledge of the ir territory. These findings reflect the importance of ethno-education and ethnobotany at school and how historical reconstruction processes are generated from these settings, where indigenous ancestral knowledge is made visible.
La etnobotánica abordada desde la etnoeducación permite mantener el legado cultural de los pueblos originarios. De esta manera, se reconoció el conocimiento etnobotáni co de los estudiantes de primaria de la Comunidad Indígena Paniquita, sobre el conocimiento cultural de las plantas medicinales y su importancia para la conservación del patrimonio biocultural. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo y etnográfico. La muestra estuvo conformada por diez estudiantes que formaron parte de un grupo focal, caminatas etnobotánicas y talleres participativos con dibujos, ya que estimulan el pensamiento creativo y dinámico de los estudiantes y fortalecen la interculturalidad. Se reportaron 21 plantas que se utilizan para aliviar dolores de garganta, cabeza y estómago, así como para tratar la diarrea y la fiebre, para prevenir la gripe y como purgante. Todas las plantas medicinales mencionadas crecen en la comunidad y son cultivadas o silvestres, lo que también demuestra el conocimiento que los estudiantes tienen de su territorio. Estos hallazgos reflejan la importancia de la etnoeducación y la etnobotánica en la escuela y cómo se generan procesos de reconstrucción histórica desde estos escenarios, donde se visibiliza el conocimiento ancestral indígena.
Assuntos
Humanos , Plantas Medicinais , Estudantes , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Etnobotânica , Colômbia , Medicina TradicionalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anxiety symptoms are factors that directly affect eating habits, but this interference can be heterogeneous depending on the nutritional status of the individuals. OBJECTIVES: To analyze whether the presence of anxiety symptoms at the beginning of the pandemic influenced the change in food consumption according to its purpose and extent of processing during a one-year follow-up and whether this association occurs equally with excess weight and without excess weight university students. METHODS: This longitudinal study was carried out with 583 university students from a public Higher Education Institution (HEI) in Brazil. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to verify whether anxiety symptoms were associated with changes in food consumption over time. RESULTS: The results showed that previous moderate/severe anxiety symptoms were associated with an increased frequency of consumption of both fresh or minimally processed foods (ß: 0.2 95%CI: 0.1; 0.7 p = 0.013) and ultra-processed foods (ß: 5.6 95%CI: 1.8; 17.7 p = 0.003), but with different magnitudes. In university students who were not excess weight, previous moderate/severe anxiety symptoms were associated with a reduction in the frequency of consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods (ß: -2.0 95%CI: -3.5; -0.5 p = 0.008), while in those who were excess weight, there was an increase in consumption of ultra-processed foods (ß: 4.5 95%CI: 2.2; 6.8 p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the influence of anxiety symptoms on food consumption according to the extent and purpose of processing. In addition, these results emphasize the role of psychological distress in the university population, and that this factor can affect excess weight and without excess weight individuals differently.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Comportamento Alimentar , Estado Nutricional , Estudantes , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudantes/psicologia , Masculino , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Universidades , Adulto Jovem , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Adulto , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemias , AdolescenteRESUMO
This study examined the association between media and Instagram interaction patterns with weight bias among undergraduate nutrition students in the Brazilian Nutritionists' Health Study. We also explored the potential mediating role of students' own body image perception in these relationships. A total of 406 students (78% women) participated in this cross-sectional analysis. Sociodemographic data, media influence, Instagram interaction patterns, body image perception, and weight bias were assessed using semi-structured questionnaires. Findings indicated that exposure to fitness content on Instagram (ß = 0.17, p < 0.001) and the pursuit of an ideal athletic body (ß = 0.12, p = 0.034) were associated with increased weight bias. In contrast, engagement with body diversity content (ß = -0.23, p < 0.001) and perceived pressure from media to conform to appearance ideals (ß = -0.24, p < 0.001) had a mitigating effect on weight bias. Notably, body image perception did not mediate these relationships (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this study revealed a link between media exposure and weight bias among undergraduate nutrition students, independent of their body image perception. Developing social media literacy programs that encourage students to critically evaluate media content is imperative to reduce weight bias. Additionally, a deeper examination of the media content that contributes to weight bias and the potential need for targeted regulatory measures is warranted.
Assuntos
Imagem Corporal , Mídias Sociais , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Adulto Jovem , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Preconceito de Peso , Peso Corporal , Nutricionistas , AdolescenteRESUMO
Undergraduate students are frequently afflicted by major depressive disorder (MDD). Oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD. There is no information regarding whether mild outpatient MDD (SDMD) and first episode SDMD (FE-SDMD) are accompanied by O&NS. The current study compared lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced protein oxidation products, nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), thiol groups, plasma total antioxidant potential (TRAP), and paraoxonase 1 activities among SDMD and FE-SDMD patients versus healthy controls. We found that SDMD and FE-SDMD exhibit elevated MDA and NOx, and decreased TRAP and LOOH as compared with controls. There was a significant and positive correlation between O&NS biomarkers and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and negative life events (NLEs). O&NS pathways, NLEs and ACEs accounted for 51.7 % of the variance in the phenome of depression, and O&NS and NLS explained 42.9 % of the variance in brooding. Overall, these results indicate that SDMD and FE-SDMD are characterized by reduced total antioxidant defenses and increased aldehyde and NOx production. The combined effects of oxidative and psychological stressors are substantially associated with the manifestation of SDMD.
Assuntos
Malondialdeído , Óxido Nítrico , Estresse Oxidativo , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/sangue , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estudantes/psicologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Depressão/metabolismo , Depressão/psicologia , Adulto , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/metabolismo , Estresse Nitrosativo/fisiologia , Universidades , Biomarcadores/sangue , Adolescente , Experiências Adversas da InfânciaRESUMO
Background: Prior studies suggest that lower levels of mindfulness contribute to the motivation of using alcohol to cope with distress. Research examining this possibility is scarce or limited to alcohol, but not marijuana, related outcomes. Objectives: We examined separate models (for alcohol and for marijuana) to determine the associations between trait mindfulness (describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, non-reactivity) and alcohol and marijuana outcomes (use indicators and negative consequences) via emotional psychopathology (i.e., a latent variable assessing symptoms of depression and anxiety) and alcohol/marijuana coping motives. Results: The final analytic sample consisted of 456 participants (Mean age = 22.96 ± 3.12 years; 66.2% women) for the alcohol model; and 232 participants (Mean age = 22.96 ± 3.01 years; 66.2% women) for the marijuana model. Two path models were conducted, such that indirect paths were examined for each trait mindfulness facet on alcohol/marijuana outcomes (e.g., describing â emotional psychopathology â alcohol coping motives â binge drinking frequency). Within the comprehensive alcohol model, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging and non-reactivity were associated with less binge drinking frequency and lower number of alcohol-related negative consequences via lower severity of emotional psychopathology symptoms and lower endorsement of drinking to cope motives. For the marijuana model, describing, acting with awareness, and non-judging of inner experience were associated with less marijuana quantity (grams) consumed and lower number of marijuana-related negative consequences via lower severity of emotional psychopathology symptoms and lower endorsement of marijuana coping motives. Conclusions: Prevention and intervention programs of alcohol and marijuana in Argentina may benefit from improving mindfulness skills and targeting emotional psychopathology and motives to use drugs, to prevent or reduce negative drug-related consequences.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Atenção Plena , Motivação , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes/psicologia , Adulto , Universidades , Depressão/psicologia , Uso da Maconha/psicologia , Emoções , Ansiedade/psicologia , Consumo de Álcool na Faculdade/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the overall prevalence, stratified by sex and age group of global physical activity (GPA), active commuting to school (ACS), and sedentary behavior (SB) among adolescents from ten Latin American countries, and to assess the correlation of Development Index with the indicators. METHODS: This research is grounded on data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (2009-2015) and the 2015 Brazilian National School Health Survey. The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for GPA (≥5 d/wk), ACS (≥1 d/wk), and SB (>2 h/d) were calculated using the chi-square test to compare the sexes (male; female) and age group (≤13 y; 14 y; 15 y; ≥16 y). We also performed Pearson correlation analysis with the Human Development Index. RESULTS: The prevalence of indicators ranged from 16.1% to 28.2% for GPA, from 56.7% to 71.2% for ACS, and from 20.7% to 62.6% for SB. Boys generally had a higher prevalence of GPA and ACS, and girls had a higher prevalence of SB. The prevalence of the indicators by age group varied between countries, with significant differences observed in some, depending on each indicator. A positive correlation was observed between Human Development Index, GPA, and SB. CONCLUSION: Health promotion policies must include guidelines that encourage and promote a more active and less sedentary lifestyle among young people in Latin America, considering specific groups, the local socioeconomic context, and differences between countries.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Instituições Acadêmicas , Comportamento Sedentário , Meios de Transporte , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , América Latina , Meios de Transporte/métodos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Sexuais , Prevalência , Criança , Brasil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding skin cancer are important for reducing the future impact of the disease. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated university students' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about skin cancer and examined the variables influencing their attitudes and beliefs about the disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences at Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. METHOD: A total of 960 students participated in this study. Data were collected using the Student Introduction Form, Fitzpatrick Skin Type Scale, Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale (SCSKS), and Health Belief Model Scale for Skin Cancer (HBMSSC). RESULTS: The mean SCSKS score of the participants was 14.91 ± 4.23. The mean HBSSC scores of the participants were 23.58 ± 7.79 for perceived susceptibility, 14.79 ± 4.59 for perceived severity, 20.64 ± 6.60 for perceived benefits, 15.93 ± 4.09 for perceived barriers, and 21.78 ± 7.14 for self-efficacy. The mean SCSKS total scores of the university students were significantly and positively correlated with the HBMSSC subdimensions. Gender explained 1.58 of the variance in perceived benefits and 1.65 of the variance in self-efficacy, whereas the SCSKS score explained most other variables. CONCLUSION: The students' knowledge of skin cancer and sun protection was moderate. Their attitudes and beliefs regarding skin cancer were unexpected. This study identified students' knowledge of skin cancer and sun protection as the most important variables for improving their attitudes and beliefs about skin cancer.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Turquia , Feminino , Neoplasias Cutâneas/psicologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/prevenção & controle , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Estudantes/psicologia , Universidades , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde/psicologia , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
This research assesses violence in university students couples from Argentina and Ecuador. It focuses on its association with jealousy and other variables. Seven hundred and fourteen students (528 from the National University of La Plata, Argentina, and 186 students from the University of Cuenca, Ecuador) were surveyed using a cross cutting design. The measures used were Conflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, Multidimensional Jealousy Scale, and other ad hoc methods related to faithfulness, substance use, and stress during dating relationship. A predominance of verbal/emotional violence was found, and 3.8% of the participants had high values in total abuse and more than half reported having committed at least one physical act against his/her partner. In a logistic regression model, it was also verified that belonging to the group of high violence was positive and significantly associated with factors behavioral jealousy, cognitive jealousy, stress and substance use and negative and significantly associated with the age at the beginning of the relationship.
En esta investigación se dimensiona comparativamente la violencia en parejas de estudiantes de nivel universitario de la Argentina y de Ecuador y se explora la asociación con los celos y otras covariables teóricamente relevantes mediante análisis multivariado. Con un diseño de corte transversal se encuestaron 714 estudiantes (528 de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, y 186 de Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Conflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, la Multidimensional Jealousy Scale e items ad hoc sobre fidelidad, consumo de sustancias y estrés durante la relación de pareja. Si bien se halló un predominio de la violencia verbal/emocional, el 3,8 % de los participantes alcanzó alto valor en la medida de abuso total cometido y más de la mitad informó haber cometido, por lo menos, un acto violento físico durante la relación índice. En modelo de regresión logística se verificó que la condición de pertenecer al grupo de alta violencia se asoció positiva y significativamente con los factores celos comportamentales, celos cognitivos,estrés y consumo de sustancias, y negativa y significativamente con la edad al comienzo de la relación.
Assuntos
Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Universidades , Estudantes/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Equador , Adolescente , Argentina , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/psicologia , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/estatística & dados numéricos , Agressão/psicologia , Adulto , CiúmeRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to assess the University Student Depression Inventory, Brazilian version (USDI-BR), construct. METHODS: a methodological study carried out with a snowball probabilistic sample, consisting of 334 undergraduate and graduate students. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability using McDonald's omega coefficient and Cronbach's alpha were performed. Principal component analysis was performed using the varimax rotation and oblimin rotation, using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criteria, Bartlett's test of sphericity and scree plot. RESULTS: the USDI-BR presented an internal consistency of items of ω = 0.95 and remained with 30 items, with the addition of 1 factor (Death wish and social withdrawal), totaling 4 factors. CONCLUSIONS: the USDI-BR has evidence that points to its validity and also its internal consistency, deserving that new studies be carried out to expand the evidence of its psychometric properties.
Assuntos
Depressão , Psicometria , Estudantes , Brasil , Humanos , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Universidades/organização & administração , Feminino , Psicometria/métodos , Psicometria/instrumentação , Psicometria/normas , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/psicologia , Adulto , Adolescente , Análise FatorialRESUMO
This study aims to analyze the association between bullying behaviors, adverse childhood experiences and social capital in late adolescence. Secondary school students aged 15-19 of a metropolitan region of Brazil were recruited for a sectional epidemiological survey, with a sample of 2,281 students, stratified by municipality of school location. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed from three instruments: Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, Childhood Adversity History Questionnaire and Integrated Questionnaire to Measure Social Capital, in adapted versions. The results showed that the factors associated with bullying victims were gender and adversity in childhood. The factors associated to bullying aggressors were gender, childhood adversities, and cognitive social capital. And the factors associated with bullying aggressor-victims were gender, childhood adversities, and cognitive social capital. It is concluded that bullying is associated with adversity in childhood and also with cognitive social capital and they point out the need to address the causes of violence in order to provide a healthy and safe development for children and adolescents, preventing negative outcomes for physical and mental health.
Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância , Bullying , Capital Social , Estudantes , Humanos , Bullying/estatística & dados numéricos , Bullying/psicologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , Brasil/epidemiologia , Experiências Adversas da Infância/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Adulto Jovem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Vítimas de Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Fatores Sexuais , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Violência/psicologiaRESUMO
The implementation of restrictive measures during the pandemic drastically changed the routine and habits of the population. In the academic sphere, the sudden closure of universities difficulted any advance planning. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of the pandemic on the routine, physical and mental health of students at a public university in southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that applied a questionnaire from May to August 2020. The target population comprised 528 undergraduates. The questionnaire addressed questions about sociodemographic characteristics, physical and mental health. A response was obtained from 406 participants. During the quarantine period evaluated, the main results were: 66.2% reported worsening of anxiety symptoms; 57.6% declared that their physical health was "reasonable" to "bad". As for the quality of sleep there was an increase in 98.8% in the responses "bad sleep quality" and "very bad sleep quality"; increase in 26.6% for presence bruxism; 12.5% for orofacial pain, 3.8% for headache. It is concluded that there were several negative effects, among these effects, it was observed higher levels of anxiety, worsening physical health and quality of sleep, increase in the prevalence of bruxism, as well as the presence of orofacial pain and headache.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Estudantes , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Feminino , Universidades , Adulto Jovem , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Saúde Mental , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemias , Adolescente , Nível de SaúdeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Movement behaviours, such as sedentary behavior (SB) and physical inactivity, have become a public health issue due to their implications for physical and mental health. The literature indicates that the university environment influences the movement behaviors of university students, and the strategies adopted during the pandemic may have favored a decrease in the practice of physical activity and an increase in the time dedicated to SB in this population. We aimed to evaluate the association of SB and moderate to vigorous leisure-time physical activity (MVPA) with presence of symptoms of mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a multicenter survey conducted with undergraduate students from eight Brazilian universities between October 2021 and February 2022 using an online questionnaire. The outcome variable was symptoms of anxiety and depression, assessed by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. SB was assessed by total sitting time, being that individuals with ≥ 9 h/day were classified with high SB. The practice of MVPA was evaluated based on weekly frequency, duration, and type of exercise. Subsequently, the ratio between the time spent in MVPA (minutes/day) and the time spent in SB (hours/day) was calculated, being considered as cutoff point was the practice of 2.5 min of MVPA for each sedentary hour. To assess the association between the outcome and explanatory variables, multivariable logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: A total of 8,650 students participated in the study, with an average age of 23.9 years (SD: ± 6.34). In the multivariate analysis, the odds of anxiety symptoms [OR: 1.37 (95% CI: 1.24-1.50)] and depression [OR: 1.61 (95% CI: 1.47-1.77)] were higher in individuals with ≥ 9 h of SB per day. In the analysis of the relationship between MVPA and SB, not engaging in 2.5 min of MVPA per hour of SB increases the odds of anxiety symptoms [OR: 1.44 (95% CI: 1.31-1.58)] and depression [OR: 1.74 (95% CI: 1.59-1.92)]. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that SB is a risk factor associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression and that not engaging in MVPA exacerbates the negative effects of SB.