RESUMO
This work aimed to characterize the clinic-pathological presentation of an outbreak of auricular and laryngeal chondritis in pigs. Visits were made to pig farms, where the clinical history was obtained, and clinical and postmortem examinations were performed. In those farms, 3% to 4% of pigs presented otohematomas, which started in the nursery and extended to the finishing phase. Moreover, some finishing pigs presented with respiratory distress, initially characterized as inspiratory dyspnea, associated by an uncommon respiratory stridor and culminating in death. Grossly, nursery piglets had enlarged ears, and on the cut surface, the cartilage was fragmented and associated with blood clots. In the finishing phase, in addition to auricular lesions, the epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages were thickened and distorted, which partially occluded the lumen. Microscopically, the laryngeal and auricular cartilages were fragmented, displayed a loss of matrix basophilia, and were surrounded by lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate, with occasional multinucleated giant cells and fibrosis. The lesions exclusively affected elastic cartilages. The disease in finishing pigs led to increased mortality and was a differential diagnosis to respiratory challenges. It was not possible to determine the factor that triggered this condition; however, a nutritional association is suspected. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of primary auricular and laryngeal chondritis in pigs.
Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas , Doenças das Cartilagens , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos , Doenças das Cartilagens/diagnóstico , Doenças das Cartilagens/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cartilagens/veterinária , Cartilagem Aritenoide/patologia , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/veterinária , Doenças Ósseas/patologia , Doenças Ósseas/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/patologiaRESUMO
Articular degeneration can be characterized by fibrillation and eburnation of the articular layers of the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint. Structural changes within the articular joint predispose the development of osteophytes, enthesophytes and, in many cases is associated with changes the collateral ligaments of the MP joint. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between degenerative processes of the articular cartilage and the enthesopathies of collateral ligaments (superficial or deep portion) of the equine MP joint, using radiographic, ultrasonographic and anatomopathological exam, as well as establishing their sensitivity. Thirty equine forelimbs were selected from animals that died due to various clinical conditions with an average age of 5.7 years which came from a private clinic or sent to the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of UFSM. The specimens were placed in a hydraulic press and submitted to radiographic evaluation of the MP joint (lateromedial, flexed lateromedial, dorsopalmar, dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique 450 and dorsomedial-palmarolateral oblique 450 projections). Transversal and longitudinal ultrasound images of the dorsal and collateral aspect of the MP joint were obtained using a Sonosite Edge machine with a 5 to 10 MHz linear transducer. Subsequently, the specimens were sent for gross and histopathological examination. A highly positive correlation (P value <.001) was observed between ultrasonographic and macroscopic techniques, showing a relationship between the cartilaginous degenerations of the MP joint and the medial and lateral LC enthesopathies.
Assuntos
Doenças das Cartilagens , Cartilagem Articular , Ligamentos Colaterais , Doenças dos Cavalos , Ossos Metacarpais , Animais , Doenças das Cartilagens/veterinária , Cartilagem Articular/diagnóstico por imagem , Ligamentos Colaterais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico por imagem , Cavalos , Articulação Metacarpofalângica/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Equine arytenoid chondritis causes airway obstruction and abnormal upper airway noise due to a space-occupying lesion(s) and decreased abduction. Our objective was to compare clinical scores and ultrasonographic findings with gross and microscopic lesions of naturally occurring arytenoid chondritis, in order to guide surgical treatment. Seventeen naturally affected horses with advanced/severe chronic arytenoid chondritis and 4 control arytenoid cartilages were evaluated after partial arytenoidectomy. Cartilages were sectioned caudal to the corniculate process and the body of each arytenoid was measured. We assessed total gross area (TA), percentage of viable cartilage (VC), percentage of viable cartilage on the lateral wall, and medial expansion. Retrospectively, the gross lesions were used to suggest 2 preferred surgical management (SM) groups: those requiring partial arytenoidectomy and those amendable to focal medial resection (a conservative SM). TA of horses with arytenoid chondritis was significantly larger than controls (P = .005), due to a layered lesion composed of cavitation, granulation tissue, fibrosis, inflammation, hemorrhage, and edema, with relatively equal medial and lateral expansion that distorted the geometry of the affected cartilage. The increased TA paralleled the presence of immature cartilage with disorganized primitive mesenchymal cells. TA and SM were positively correlated (P = .01). All cases showed varying degrees of cartilage degeneration or necrosis, more severe medially; those appearing amenable to focal medial resection arytenoid group had significantly more viable cartilage on the lateral wall (P = .02). The gross and histopathologic findings suggest a new surgical approach-focal medial resection-that may save the lateral wall of the arytenoid.
Assuntos
Doenças das Cartilagens , Doenças dos Cavalos , Laringe , Animais , Cartilagem Aritenoide/cirurgia , Doenças das Cartilagens/cirurgia , Doenças das Cartilagens/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/cirurgia , Cavalos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Artrites traumáticas, principais causas de claudicação em equinos atletas, cursam com grande impacto econômico, em função da retirada precoce dos animais das atividades atléticas. Inúmeros fatores culminam em lesões articulares, sendo necessário o entendimento do mecanismo fisiopatológico para diagnóstico e tratamento precoce. O presente caso relata uma égua atleta com diagnóstico de osteoartrite causada por excessiva demanda biomecânica na articulação tíbio társica. O tratamento consistiu em consecutivas infiltrações de soro autólogo condicionado IRAP (Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein). A resposta foi positiva com evidente melhora do quadro clínico. A terapia, apesar de necessitar mais estudos, já apresenta resultados promissores no tratamento das artropatias em equinos.
Traumatic arthritis, considered to be the main cause of lameness in equine athletes, have a great economic impact due to the early withdrawal of the animals from athletic activities. There are several causes that lead to joint injuries and it is necessary to know the pathophysiological mechanism, to early diagnosis and treatment. The present case reports an athlete mare with osteoarthritis caused by excessive biomechanical demand in the tibio tarsic joint. It was treated with consecutive infiltrations of conditioned autologous serum IRAP (Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein). The response was positive with evident improvement of the clinical picture. The therapy, although more studies are needed, already presents promising results in the treatment of equine arthropathies.(au)
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Articulações Tarsianas/patologia , Doenças das Cartilagens/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos , Osteoartrite/veterinária , Traumatismos do Nervo Troclear/veterináriaRESUMO
Artrites traumáticas, principais causas de claudicação em equinos atletas, cursam com grande impacto econômico, em função da retirada precoce dos animais das atividades atléticas. Inúmeros fatores culminam em lesões articulares, sendo necessário o entendimento do mecanismo fisiopatológico para diagnóstico e tratamento precoce. O presente caso relata uma égua atleta com diagnóstico de osteoartrite causada por excessiva demanda biomecânica na articulação tíbio társica. O tratamento consistiu em consecutivas infiltrações de soro autólogo condicionado IRAP (Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein). A resposta foi positiva com evidente melhora do quadro clínico. A terapia, apesar de necessitar mais estudos, já apresenta resultados promissores no tratamento das artropatias em equinos.(AU)
Traumatic arthritis, considered to be the main cause of lameness in equine athletes, have a great economic impact due to the early withdrawal of the animals from athletic activities. There are several causes that lead to joint injuries and it is necessary to know the pathophysiological mechanism, to early diagnosis and treatment. The present case reports an athlete mare with osteoarthritis caused by excessive biomechanical demand in the tibio tarsic joint. It was treated with consecutive infiltrations of conditioned autologous serum IRAP (Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein). The response was positive with evident improvement of the clinical picture. The therapy, although more studies are needed, already presents promising results in the treatment of equine arthropathies.(au)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos , Doenças das Cartilagens/veterinária , Articulações Tarsianas/patologia , Traumatismos do Nervo Troclear/veterinária , Osteoartrite/veterináriaRESUMO
O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é conhecido por apresentar propriedades anabólicas, anti-inflamatórias e capacidade de gelificação. Atualmente o PRP é considerado eficaz na reparação da cartilagem, sendo sua capacidade de formação de gel indicada para o preenchimento de defeitos condrais. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o uso do PRP ativado, no formato de arcabouço, como suporte para o implante de células tronco mesenquimais (CTM), no preenchimento e tratamento de lesões condrais induzidas em equinos. Doze equinos foram submetidos a uma cirurgia artroscópica no tempo zero do experimento (T0), onde foi induzida uma lesão condral de 15 mm de diâmetro na tróclea medial femoral dos membros pélvicos direito. As 12 articulações foram divididas em dois grupos distintos com seis articulações cada (GA e GB). As articulações do GA foram submetidas ao tratamento com o implante de CTM em gel de PRP. As articulações de GB foram o grupo controle do experimento. As CTMs foram extraídas do tecido adiposo e o PRP em gel foi obtido por protocolo de dupla centrifugação seguido da adição de trombina liofilizada. Após cinco meses (T150) foi realizada nova artroscopia para avaliação macroscópica do local, coleta de amostras do tecido de reparação para análises de microscopia eletrônica, sendo realizadas imagens ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada no local do implante no GA. Observamos que o gel de PRP associado às CTM demonstrou ser adequado no tratamento de defeitos condrais experimentais dos equinos. GA evidenciou um melhor aspecto macroscópico e microscópico do tecido de reparação, sendo que GB mostrou maior desorganização das fibras colágenas. Nas imagens de ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada apenas foi relevante o local da lesão condral. O arcabouço de gel de PRP demonstrou ser apropriado no suporte do tratamento com as CTMs, sendo de fácil aplicação e efetivo, demonstrando resultados promissores na reparação de lesões condrais induzidas.(AU)
The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is characterized by its anabolic, anti-inflammatory and gelling capability. Nowadays, the PRP is considered effective in the repair of cartilage defects, and its gelling capability is proper to filling chondral defects. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the use of activated PRP as a fibrin gel scaffold, such as support for the use with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), on the treatment of experimentally chondral articular defects. Twelve horses were subjected to an arthroscopic surgery at time zero of the experiment (T0). A chondral defect of 15 mm diameter was created on the medial femoral trochlea and these 12 joints were divided into two groups each with six joints in each group (GA and GB). The joints of the GA were treated with implantation of MSC and PRP-gel. GB joints were the control group. MSCs were cultivated from adipose tissue and PRP-gel was obtained by double centrifugation protocol followed by addition of lyophilized thrombin. After five months (T150) was performed new arthroscopy for macroscopic evaluation of the defect local, collect samples of tissue repair for electron microscopy assessment and also was implemented a magnetic resonance images and computed tomography on GA. It was observed that the PRP-gel associated with CTMs showed a suitable treatment of experimental chondral defects in horses. GA showed a better macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the tissue repair. GB showed smaller number of chondrocytes and increased collagen fibers disorganization. At the magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging only the local of chondral defect was viewed. The PRP-gel scaffold was satisfactory to use and support MSCs implantation. It showed an easy handling and it was effective, showing a promising results in the repair of induced chondral defects.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Células-Tronco Adultas , Doenças das Cartilagens/terapia , Doenças das Cartilagens/veterinária , Fibrina/uso terapêutico , Cavalos/lesões , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Artroscopia/veterinária , Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos/veterináriaRESUMO
O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é conhecido por apresentar propriedades anabólicas, anti-inflamatórias e capacidade de gelificação. Atualmente o PRP é considerado eficaz na reparação da cartilagem, sendo sua capacidade de formação de gel indicada para o preenchimento de defeitos condrais. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o uso do PRP ativado, no formato de arcabouço, como suporte para o implante de células tronco mesenquimais (CTM), no preenchimento e tratamento de lesões condrais induzidas em equinos. Doze equinos foram submetidos a uma cirurgia artroscópica no tempo zero do experimento (T0), onde foi induzida uma lesão condral de 15 mm de diâmetro na tróclea medial femoral dos membros pélvicos direito. As 12 articulações foram divididas em dois grupos distintos com seis articulações cada (GA e GB). As articulações do GA foram submetidas ao tratamento com o implante de CTM em gel de PRP. As articulações de GB foram o grupo controle do experimento. As CTMs foram extraídas do tecido adiposo e o PRP em gel foi obtido por protocolo de dupla centrifugação seguido da adição de trombina liofilizada. Após cinco meses (T150) foi realizada nova artroscopia para avaliação macroscópica do local, coleta de amostras do tecido de reparação para análises de microscopia eletrônica, sendo realizadas imagens ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada no local do implante no GA. Observamos que o gel de PRP associado às CTM demonstrou ser adequado no tratamento de defeitos condrais experimentais dos equinos. GA evidenciou um melhor aspecto macroscópico e microscópico do tecido de reparação, sendo que GB mostrou maior desorganização das fibras colágenas. Nas imagens de ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada apenas foi relevante o local da lesão condral. O arcabouço de gel de PRP demonstrou ser apropriado no suporte do tratamento com as CTMs, sendo de fácil aplicação e efetivo, demonstrando resultados promissores na reparação de lesões condrais induzidas.(AU)
The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is characterized by its anabolic, anti-inflammatory and gelling capability. Nowadays, the PRP is considered effective in the repair of cartilage defects, and its gelling capability is proper to filling chondral defects. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the use of activated PRP as a fibrin gel scaffold, such as support for the use with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), on the treatment of experimentally chondral articular defects. Twelve horses were subjected to an arthroscopic surgery at time zero of the experiment (T0). A chondral defect of 15 mm diameter was created on the medial femoral trochlea and these 12 joints were divided into two groups each with six joints in each group (GA and GB). The joints of the GA were treated with implantation of MSC and PRP-gel. GB joints were the control group. MSCs were cultivated from adipose tissue and PRP-gel was obtained by double centrifugation protocol followed by addition of lyophilized thrombin. After five months (T150) was performed new arthroscopy for macroscopic evaluation of the defect local, collect samples of tissue repair for electron microscopy assessment and also was implemented a magnetic resonance images and computed tomography on GA. It was observed that the PRP-gel associated with CTMs showed a suitable treatment of experimental chondral defects in horses. GA showed a better macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the tissue repair. GB showed smaller number of chondrocytes and increased collagen fibers disorganization. At the magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging only the local of chondral defect was viewed. The PRP-gel scaffold was satisfactory to use and support MSCs implantation. It showed an easy handling and it was effective, showing a promising results in the repair of induced chondral defects.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Células-Tronco Adultas , Cavalos/lesões , Doenças das Cartilagens/terapia , Doenças das Cartilagens/veterinária , Fibrina/uso terapêutico , Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos/veterinária , Artroscopia/veterináriaRESUMO
Chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate nutraceuticals are commonly used in the management of degenerative articular disease in veterinary routine. However, there are controversies on the contribution of these substances to articular cartilage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate-based veterinary nutraceutical on the repair of an induced osteochondral defect in a dog femoral condyle, by macroscopic, histological and histomorphometric analyses. The nutraceutical was orally administered the day following injury induction, every 24 hours (treated group, TG, n=24), compared with animals that did not receive the product (control group, CG, n=24). Six animals per group were anaesthetized for sample collection at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery. At 15 days, defects were macroscopically filled with red-pinkish tissue. After 30 days, whitish color tissue was observed, both in TG and CG animals, with firmer consistency to touch at 60 and 90 postoperative days. Histological analysis demonstrated that, in both groups, there was initial blood clot formation, which was subsequently substituted by a fibrin net, with capillary proliferation from the adjacent bone marrow and infiltration of mesenchymal cells in clot periphery. As cellular differentiation developed, repair tissue presented a fibrocartilage aspect most of the time, and new subchondral bone formation occurred in the deepest area corresponding to the defect. Histomorphometry suggested that the nutraceutical did not favor the articular cartilage repair process. It was concluded that nutraceutical did not significantly influence chondrocytes proliferation or hyaline architecture restoration.(AU)
Os nutracêuticos compostos de sulfato de condroitina e glucosamina são comumente utilizados no manejo da doença articular degenerativa na rotina veterinária. Entretanto, existem controvérsias sobre a contribuição dessas substâncias à cartilagem articular. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de um nutracêutico veterinário à base de sulfato de condroitina e glucosamina na reparação de defeitos osteocondrais induzidos no côndilo femoral de cães, através de análises macroscópica, histológica e histomorfométrica. O nutracêutico foi administrado no dia seguinte à indução da lesão, pela via oral, a cada 24 horas (grupo tratado - GT, 24 animais), sendo comparado a animais que não receberam o produto (grupo controle - GC, de igual número de animais). Aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a cirurgia, seis animais por grupo foram anestesiados para ser realizada a coleta das amostras. Aos 15 dias, os defeitos eram macroscopicamente preenchidos por tecido de coloração rósea a avermelhada. Já a partir dos 30 dias, observou-se preenchimento por tecido de coloração esbranquiçada, tanto nos animais do GT quanto nos do GC, com consistência mais firme ao toque digital aos 60 e 90 dias de pós-operatório. A análise histológica revelou que, em ambos os grupos, houve inicialmente formação de coágulo sanguíneo que, posteriormente, foi substituído por uma rede de fibrina, com proliferação de capilares a partir da medula óssea adjacente e infiltração de células mesenquimais na periferia do coágulo. À medida que se processou a diferenciação celular, o tecido de reparação se apresentou na maioria das vezes com aspecto de fibrocartilagem e, na região mais profunda da área correspondente ao defeito, ocorreu formação de osso novo subcondral. A histomorfometria sugeriu que o nutracêutico não favoreceu o processo de reparação da cartilagem articular. Concluiu-se que o nutracêutico não influenciou consideravelmente na proliferação de condrócitos nem na restauração da arquitetura hialina.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Osteoartrite/veterinária , Doenças das Cartilagens/veterinária , Sulfatos de Condroitina/uso terapêutico , Artroplastia Subcondral/veterinária , Glucosamina/uso terapêutico , Artropatias/veterináriaRESUMO
A light microscopy study of head cartilage tissue in rainbow trout alevins (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the parasite Myxobolus cerebralis showed that, regardless of the presence or absence of whirling disease symptoms such as black tail and whirling swimming due to altered tail and spine morphology, some fish presented large amounts of spores lodged in the head after three months of infection. The spores were located in regions where the cartilage was extensively destroyed.
Assuntos
Doenças das Cartilagens/veterinária , Cartilagem/parasitologia , Eucariotos/fisiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Oncorhynchus mykiss/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Cartilagem/patologia , Doenças das Cartilagens/parasitologia , Doenças das Cartilagens/patologia , Doenças das Cartilagens/fisiopatologia , Eucariotos/citologia , Eucariotos/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Doenças dos Peixes/fisiopatologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/patologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/fisiopatologia , Crânio , NataçãoRESUMO
Collateral cartilage ossification of the distal phalanx in the Brazilian Jumper horse is a common finding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the degree of ossification of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanx in Brazilian Jumper horses. In an analysis of 652 collateral cartilages from the front feet of 163 horses, 93% of these cartilages had collateral cartilage ossification (P < 0.005), and 7% of these cartilages did not have any type of ossification. In ossified cartilages, 86.4% had ossification beginning from the base, and 6.6% had a separate center of ossification.