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1.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 261(1): 80-86, 2022 09 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36166502

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the current standard of care among specialists for the routine diagnostic evaluation and medical management of stable tracheal collapse in dogs, identifying gaps between practice and scientific evidence to facilitate the development of future prospective studies. A secondary objective was to describe the perceived incidence of selected comorbid disorders in dogs with tracheal collapse and the diagnostic tests performed to evaluate for those disorders. SAMPLE: 180 veterinary specialists in 22 countries. PROCEDURES: An electronic survey was sent to 4 specialty listservs to target diplomates. Respondents completed multiple-choice and free-response questions related to the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of a theoretical stable dog with suspected tracheal collapse. RESULTS: Most respondents routinely utilized radiography, tracheobronchoscopy, and fluoroscopy to diagnose tracheal collapse and performed airway sampling, sedated airway examination, and echocardiograms to rule out comorbidities. The most frequently perceived comorbid disorders included chronic bronchitis, bronchomalacia, and myxomatous mitral valve disease. Respondents most often prescribed opioid antitussives, glucocorticoids, anxiolytics, and antibiotics as treatments. Less frequently, they utilized bronchodilators and nonopioid medications for cough. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Despite a lack of published guidelines, specialists have similar approaches in their diagnostic and therapeutic approach to a stable dog with suspected tracheal collapse and believe evaluating for comorbid disorders is important. A description of a typical diagnostic approach and knowledge of realistic treatment goals will assist the general practitioner managing dogs with stable tracheal collapse. Additionally, gaps between current practices established via this survey and data supporting those practices exist, specifically concerning the use of antibiotics and nonopioid medications for cough, representing areas for further study.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Doenças da Traqueia , Animais , Cães , Tosse/veterinária , Estudos Prospectivos , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Radiografia , Fluoroscopia/veterinária , Doenças da Traqueia/complicações , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico , Doenças da Traqueia/veterinária
2.
Am J Case Rep ; 19: 1267-1271, 2018 Oct 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30356031

RESUMO

BACKGROUND Many conditions and triggers have been identified and associated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM), including asthma, strenuous exercise, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetic ketoacidosis, inhalational drugs, and other activities associated with the Valsalva maneuver. Among rare findings reported in patients with SPM is tracheal diverticulum. We present a case of SPM that on further evaluation was noted to have a tracheal diverticulum, together with a possible diagnosis of asthma. CASE REPORT A 25-year-old male was admitted to the hospital for dyspnea and chest pain. Based on initial assessment, laboratory findings, and imaging, he was diagnosed with SPM. Recovery was successful, and the patient was discharged 3 days later. Follow-up at 2 weeks revealed an abnormality on imaging and abnormal pulmonary function tests. A computed tomography scan revealed a tracheal diverticulum located on the right posterolateral region of the trachea at T1 level. Pulmonary function tests abnormalities included: high fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), high lung clearance index (LCI), and elevated diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). CONCLUSIONS Although the patient presented with a normal spirometry, the FeNO, LCI, and DLCO findings proved valuable and suggested a possible diagnosis of asthma. The anatomic weakness associated with the tracheal diverticulum could have been the breaking point of sustained increased pressure in the airways, due to a possible asthma exacerbation. In retrospective, we hypothesized this to be a series of events that ultimately ended as a pneumomediastinum.


Assuntos
Asma/diagnóstico , Divertículo/diagnóstico , Enfisema Mediastínico/diagnóstico , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico , Adulto , Asma/complicações , Divertículo/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Enfisema Mediastínico/complicações , Doenças da Traqueia/complicações
4.
J. bras. pneumol ; J. bras. pneumol;40(6): 669-672, Nov-Dec/2014. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-732565

RESUMO

Tracheal diverticulum, defined as a benign outpouching of the tracheal wall, is rarely diagnosed in clinical practice. It can be congenital or acquired in origin, and most cases are asymptomatic, typically being diagnosed postmortem. We report a case of a 69-year-old woman who was hospitalized after presenting with fever, fatigue, pleuritic chest pain, and a right neck mass complicated by dysphagia. Her medical history was significant: pulmonary emphysema (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency); bronchiectasis; and thyroidectomy. On physical examination, she presented diminished breath sounds and muffled heart sounds, with a systolic murmur. Laboratory tests revealed elevated inflammatory markers, a CT scan showed an air-filled, multilocular mass in the right tracheal wall, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the CT findings. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy failed to reveal any abnormalities. Nevertheless, the patient was diagnosed with tracheal diverticulum. The treatment approach was conservative, consisting mainly of antibiotics. After showing clinical improvement, the patient was discharged.


Divertículos da traqueia são evaginações benignas da parede traqueal e raramente diagnosticados na prática clínica. Podem ser congênitos ou adquiridos, e na maioria dos casos são assintomáticos, sendo tipicamente diagnosticados em estudos post-mortem. Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 69 anos que foi hospitalizada após apresentar febre, fadiga, dor torácica pleurítica e uma massa cervical à direita complicada por disfagia. Tinha antecedentes pessoais de enfisema pulmonar (deficiência de alfa-1 antitripsina), bronquiectasias e tireoidectomia. Ao exame físico apresentava murmúrio vesicular diminuído, hipofonese cardíaca e um sopro sistólico. Laboratorialmente apresentava marcadores inflamatórios elevados, e uma TC mostrou uma massa aérea, multiloculada na parede direita da traqueia, achados confirmados por ressonância magnética nuclear. Realizou ainda uma fibrobroncoscopia que se revelou normal. Assumiu-se o diagnóstico de divertículo da traqueia. O tratamento proposto foi conservador, consistindo principalmente de antibioticoterapia. Após melhora clínica, a paciente recebeu alta.


Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Divertículo/complicações , Doenças da Traqueia/complicações , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/complicações , Divertículo/tratamento farmacológico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Enfisema Pulmonar , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Tienamicinas/uso terapêutico , Doenças da Traqueia/tratamento farmacológico , Vancomicina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico
5.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 112(3): e101-e104, jun. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-708498

RESUMO

La leishmaniasis es un problema creciente de salud pública, que produce un gran impacto social. La leishmaniasis laríngea y sin puerta de entrada evidente es rara, en especial en pacientes inmunocompetentes. Describimos un caso de leishmaniasis laríngea con extensión traqueal y estenosis secundaria en un adolescente previamente sano y sin factores de riesgo ambiental o personal.


Leishmaniasis is a growing public health problem and it produces a great social impact. Laryngeal leishmaniasis without obvious gateway is rare; especially in immunocompetent patients. We report a case of laryngeal leishmaniasis with tracheal involvement and stenosis on a previously healthy teenager without environmental or personal risk factors.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Leishmaniose , Doenças da Laringe/parasitologia , Doenças Nasais/parasitologia , Doenças da Traqueia/parasitologia , Doenças da Laringe/complicações , Leishmaniose/diagnóstico , Mucosa , Doenças Nasais/complicações , Doenças da Traqueia/complicações
6.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 112(3): e101-4, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24862817

RESUMO

Leishmaniasis is a growing public health problem and it produces a great social impact. Laryngeal leishmaniasis without obvious gateway is rare; especially in immunocompetent patients. We report a case of laryngeal leishmaniasis with tracheal involvement and stenosis on a previously healthy teenager without environmental or personal risk factors.


Assuntos
Doenças da Laringe/parasitologia , Leishmaniose , Doenças Nasais/parasitologia , Doenças da Traqueia/parasitologia , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Doenças da Laringe/complicações , Leishmaniose/diagnóstico , Masculino , Mucosa , Doenças Nasais/complicações , Doenças da Traqueia/complicações
7.
J Bras Pneumol ; 40(6): 669-72, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25610508

RESUMO

Tracheal diverticulum, defined as a benign outpouching of the tracheal wall, is rarely diagnosed in clinical practice. It can be congenital or acquired in origin, and most cases are asymptomatic, typically being diagnosed postmortem. We report a case of a 69-year-old woman who was hospitalized after presenting with fever, fatigue, pleuritic chest pain, and a right neck mass complicated by dysphagia. Her medical history was significant: pulmonary emphysema (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency); bronchiectasis; and thyroidectomy. On physical examination, she presented diminished breath sounds and muffled heart sounds, with a systolic murmur. Laboratory tests revealed elevated inflammatory markers, a CT scan showed an air-filled, multilocular mass in the right tracheal wall, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the CT findings. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy failed to reveal any abnormalities. Nevertheless, the patient was diagnosed with tracheal diverticulum. The treatment approach was conservative, consisting mainly of antibiotics. After showing clinical improvement, the patient was discharged.


Divertículos da traqueia são evaginações benignas da parede traqueal e raramente diagnosticados na prática clínica. Podem ser congênitos ou adquiridos, e na maioria dos casos são assintomáticos, sendo tipicamente diagnosticados em estudos post-mortem. Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 69 anos que foi hospitalizada após apresentar febre, fadiga, dor torácica pleurítica e uma massa cervical à direita complicada por disfagia. Tinha antecedentes pessoais de enfisema pulmonar (deficiência de alfa-1 antitripsina), bronquiectasias e tireoidectomia. Ao exame físico apresentava murmúrio vesicular diminuído, hipofonese cardíaca e um sopro sistólico. Laboratorialmente apresentava marcadores inflamatórios elevados, e uma TC mostrou uma massa aérea, multiloculada na parede direita da traqueia, achados confirmados por ressonância magnética nuclear. Realizou ainda uma fibrobroncoscopia que se revelou normal. Assumiu-se o diagnóstico de divertículo da traqueia. O tratamento proposto foi conservador, consistindo principalmente de antibioticoterapia. Após melhora clínica, a paciente recebeu alta.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Divertículo/complicações , Doenças da Traqueia/complicações , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/complicações , Idoso , Divertículo/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Meropeném , Enfisema Pulmonar , Tienamicinas/uso terapêutico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Doenças da Traqueia/tratamento farmacológico , Vancomicina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico
8.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 70(2): 147-152, ago. 2010. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-577238

RESUMO

La traqueobroncopatía osteocondroplástica es una enfermedad benigna poco frecuente, de etiología incierta, caracterizada por múltiples nodulos submucosos cartilaginosos u óseos en tráquea, bronquios principales y menos frecuentemente, región subglótica y laringe. La presentación clínica de la enfermedad varía desde pacientes asintomáticos, hasta enfermedad severa con obstrucción de la vía aérea. El gold standard para el diagnóstico es la broncoscopía, donde característicamente se visualiza la presencia de múltiples nodulos submucosos que se proyectan hacia el lumen de la vía aérea. La biopsia no es requisito para el diagnóstico. El tratamiento de la enfermedad está dirigido habitualmente al manejo sintomático. En pacientes con severa obstrucción de la vía aérea se han realizado terapias broncoscópicas como ablación con láser, crioterapia o divulsión mecánica de las lesiones. También se ha intentado la resolución quirúrgica, siendo generalmente inefectiva. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente evaluado en nuestro servicio, en quien se realizó diagnóstico de traqueobroncopatía osteocondroplástica con compromiso tráqueo-bronquial y subglótico.


Tracheobronchopathy osteochondroplastica is a rare benign disease of uncertain etiology characterized by múltiple cartilaginous or bony submucosal nodules in trachea, bronchi and, less frequently subglottic región and larynx. The clinical presentation of the disease varíes from asymptomatic patients to severe disease with airway obstruction. The gold standard for diagnosis is bronchoscopy, which typically displays the presence of múltiple submucosal nodules that project into the lumen of the airway. Biopsy is not required for diagnosis. The treatment of the disease is usually symptomatic management. In patients with severe airway obstruction bronchoscopic therapies such as laser ablation, cryotherapy or mechanical removal have been performed. Surgical resolution has also been attempted, being generally ineffective. We report the case of a patient evaluated in our department, in whom the diagnosis of tracheobronchopathy osteochondroplastica with tracheobronchial and subglottic compromise was made.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Broncopatias/diagnóstico , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico , Laringoestenose/etiologia , Osteocondrodisplasias/diagnóstico , Broncopatias/complicações , Doenças da Traqueia/complicações , Osteocondrodisplasias/complicações
9.
Chest ; 116(3): 837-40, 1999 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10492299

RESUMO

A 49-year-old man suffered necrosis of the cephalad tracheal segment due to compression by an innominate artery aneurysm. A peritracheal abscess, a grade IV chagasic megaesophagus, and a duodenal ulcer were also present. The patient underwent a three-stage surgical treatment, and 7 years later he is doing well, and breathing and eating normally.


Assuntos
Aneurisma/complicações , Tronco Braquiocefálico , Doença de Chagas/complicações , Úlcera Duodenal/complicações , Acalasia Esofágica/complicações , Traqueia/patologia , Abscesso/complicações , Abscesso/cirurgia , Aneurisma/cirurgia , Tronco Braquiocefálico/cirurgia , Doença Crônica , Úlcera Duodenal/cirurgia , Acalasia Esofágica/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Traqueia/cirurgia , Doenças da Traqueia/complicações , Doenças da Traqueia/cirurgia
10.
Rev. colomb. neumol ; 9(4): 279-82, dic. 1997. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-220956

RESUMO

El pseudotumor inflamario es una lesión no neoplásica localizada usualmente en el parénquima pulmonar y muy raramente en la tráquea(1); de etiología desconocida, generalmente considerada como un proceso reactivo (3), compuesto por una variedad de células inflamatorias y mesenquimales entre las cuales se encuentran células plasmáticas, histiocitos, linfocitos, mastocitos y células mesenquimales fusiformes. Esta variabilidad celular le ha dado un número cambiante de nombres según el tipo celular que predomine (2). El caso presentado es el de un hombre joven de 19 años con un cuadro de obstrucción respiratoria alta debido a una masa tumoral en tráquea a quien luego de la resección se le hace el diagnóstico de pseudotumor inflamatorio de tráquea, el primero reportado en la literatura mundial


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Doenças da Traqueia/patologia , Neoplasias da Traqueia/patologia , Doenças da Traqueia/complicações
11.
J Pediatr ; 130(1): 59-66, 1997 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9003852

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural history of primary bronchomalacia in infants and children. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review and follow-up telephone questionnaire of 17 patients with bronchoscopically confirmed primary bronchomalacia. RESULTS: All patients had initial symptoms within the first 6 months of life, and all patients were thought by their primary care physicians to have reactive airways disease. In no patient was the diagnosis of bronchomalacia considered before referral to our center. All patients had a harsh, monophonic wheeze loudest over the central airway and intermittently present between illnesses. All 17 patients had bronchomalacia of the left main-stem bronchus; two had mild tracheomalacia associated with the bronchomalacia; and one had bilateral bronchomalacia. One patient had associated laryngomalacia. Twenty-five percent of our patients had reactive airway disease in addition to bronchomalacia. With growth, all patients have shown a gradual improvement and a cessation of daily symptoms. All three patients older than the age of 5 years report limitation of vigorous exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchomalacia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the persistently wheezing infant and should be evaluated appropriately. More severe forms of bronchomalacia appear to predispose patients to exercise limitation later in life, which suggests that the lesion does not completely resolve with growth.


Assuntos
Broncopatias/diagnóstico , Sons Respiratórios/etiologia , Adolescente , Broncopatias/complicações , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doenças da Traqueia/complicações , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico
14.
J Pediatr ; 121(4): 591-6, 1992 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1403397

RESUMO

We studied 50 preterm infants who had multiple or traumatic endotracheal intubations, or whose duration of endotracheal intubation was > or = to 14 days, and who were considered at high risk for airway edema. These infants were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial to assess whether prophylactic dexamethasone therapy would be effective in the prevention of postextubation stridor and respiratory distress. At study entry, both groups had similar weights, postnatal ages, methylxanthine use, ventilator settings, blood gas values, and pulmonary function test results (dynamic compliance, total respiratory resistance, tidal volume, peak-to-peak transpulmonary pressure, minute ventilation, and peak inspiratory and expiratory flow rates). Patients underwent blood gas studies, physical examinations, and pulmonary function testing at baseline (4 hours before extubation) and again 2 to 4 hours and 18 to 24 hours after extubation. Twenty-seven infants received dexamethasone, 0.25 mg/kg per dose, at baseline, and then every 8 hours for a total of three doses; 23 infants received saline solution at corresponding times. Eighteen to twenty-four hours after extubation, total pulmonary resistance increased by 225% from baseline in the control group compared with 33% in the dexamethasone group (p < 0.006), and the dexamethasone group had a greater tidal volume, a greater dynamic compliance, and a lower arterial carbon dioxide pressure. Of 23 control infants, 10 had postextubation stridor compared with 2 of 27 dexamethasone-treated patients (p < 0.006). Of the 23 control patients, 4 required reintubation compared with none of the treated group (p < 0.05). We conclude that the prophylactic use of corticosteroids for the prevention of postextubation stridor and respiratory distress is efficacious in low birth weight, high-risk preterm infants.


Assuntos
Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Edema/etiologia , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Doenças da Laringe/etiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Sons Respiratórios/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Dióxido de Carbono/sangue , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Edema/complicações , Edema/epidemiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças da Laringe/complicações , Doenças da Laringe/epidemiologia , Oxigênio/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Respiração/efeitos dos fármacos , Respiração Artificial , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/fisiopatologia , Sons Respiratórios/etiologia , Sons Respiratórios/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Risco , Doenças da Traqueia/complicações , Doenças da Traqueia/epidemiologia , Falha de Tratamento
17.
Clin Radiol ; 24(3): 354-8, July 1973.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12340

RESUMO

Over fifty cases of tracheobronchomegaly reported in the literature are reviewed and two new cases are described. The radiological appearances of this rare condition are described and its concomitant occurrence with bronchiectasis is noted. The condition is thought to be due to faulty development of the connective tisssues of the tracheobronchial tree. However, a study of the age of presentation showed that the majority presented in the third or later decades which suggests that it is an acquired rather than a developmental anomaly. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Broncopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Fatores Etários , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Brônquios/diagnóstico por imagem , Bronquiectasia/complicações , Bronquiectasia/diagnóstico por imagem , Bronquiectasia/tratamento farmacológico , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Escarro , Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Traqueia/complicações
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